A growing interest in the comprehensive pathogenic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders from the perspective of the microbiome has been witnessed in recent decades; the intrinsic link between microbiota and brain function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis or other pathways has gradually been realized. However, little research has focused on viruses-entities characterized by smaller dimensions, simpler structures, greater diversity, and more intricate interactions with their surrounding milieu compared to bacteria. To date, alterations in several populations of bacteriophages and viruses have been documented in both mouse models and patients with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, accompanied by metabolic disruptions that may directly or indirectly impact brain function. In addition, eukaryotic virus infection-mediated brain dysfunction provides insights into the psychiatric pathology involving viruses. Efforts towards virus-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have primarily been documented. However, limitations due to the lack of large-scale cohort studies, reliability, clinical applicability, and the unclear role of viruses in microbiota interactions pose a challenge for future studies. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that investigations into viruses herald a new era in the field of precise psychiatry.
Humans ; Mental Disorders/virology* ; Animals ; Brain/virology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Viruses ; Virus Diseases/complications*

Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by progressive alveolar bone resorption and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been used in the treatment of various immune-inflammatory diseases due to its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Here, we investigated for the first time the therapeutic effect of DMF on periodontitis. In vivo studies showed that DMF significantly inhibited periodontal destruction, enhanced mitophagy, and decreased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio. In vitro studies showed that DMF inhibited macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages and promoted polarization toward M2 macrophages, with improved mitochondrial function, inhibited oxidative stress, and increased mitophagy in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, DMF increased intracellular mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) levels to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, promoted mitophagy, and modulated macrophage polarization, whereas TUFM knockdown decreased the protective effect of DMF. Finally, mechanistic studies showed that DMF increased intracellular TUFM levels by protecting TUFM from degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway. Our results demonstrate for the first time that DMF protects mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress through TUFM-mediated mitophagy in macrophages, resulting in a shift in the balance of macrophage polarization, thereby attenuating periodontitis. Importantly, this study provides new insights into the prevention of periodontitis.
Dimethyl Fumarate/pharmacology* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Mice ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Periodontitis/prevention & control* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mitochondria/drug effects*

Microbiota can be recognized by the human immune system,trigger specific immune responses,and play a significant role in the onset and progression of diseases through intricate regulatory mechanisms.The tumor microenvironment comprises the peritumoral extracellular matrix,immune cells,tumor-associated fibroblasts,and endothelial cells,among others.In this context,the tumor immune microenvironment,characterized by immune cells,significantly influences cancer progression and treatment.Notably,the tumor immune microenvironment is closely associated with the tumor microbiota.The presence of respiratory microbiota is correlated with the typing and staging of non-small cell lung cancer.This study investigated the mechanisms by which respiratory microbiota affect innate and adaptive immune cells within the tumor immune microenvironment and explored the role of respiratory microbiota in the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.The aim was to identify potential biomarkers that could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE The non-volatile and volatile chemical components in Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets were analyzed sepa-rately using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).METHODS The non-volatile components were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(A)and acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution,a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1,an injection volume of 5 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃;the volatile components were analyzed using an Agilent SH-I-5MS column(5％Phenyl Methyl Silox,30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);the procedure was temperature-programmed,with an injection volume of 1 μL,a split ratio of 10∶1,a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and an inlet temperature of 200 ℃.RESULTS A total of 134 non-volatile chemical components and 23 volatile components were analyzed and identified from Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,among which 49 compounds were confirmed through comparison with reference stand-ards.The non-volatile components mainly include 27 flavonoids,21 organic acids,15 lignans,14 iridoids,12 phenylethanoid glyco-sides,11 saponins,10 alkaloids,5 terpenes,4 amino acids,3 phenylpropanoids,3 nucleosides,3 xanthones,3 phenolic glycosides,2 chromones and 1 carbohydrate.The volatile components mainly include 11 monoterpenes,5 alcohols and phenols,3 alkenes,2 ke-tones,1 ester,and 1 hydrocarbon.CONCLUSION This study rapidly identifies the chemical components of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,laying a preliminary foundation for research on the pharmacodynamic substances of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets and the im-provement of quality control standards.

OBJECTIVE The non-volatile and volatile chemical components in Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets were analyzed sepa-rately using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).METHODS The non-volatile components were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％formic acid aqueous solution(A)and acetonitrile(B)for gradient elution,a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1,an injection volume of 5 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃;the volatile components were analyzed using an Agilent SH-I-5MS column(5％Phenyl Methyl Silox,30 m×250 μm,0.25 μm);the procedure was temperature-programmed,with an injection volume of 1 μL,a split ratio of 10∶1,a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,and an inlet temperature of 200 ℃.RESULTS A total of 134 non-volatile chemical components and 23 volatile components were analyzed and identified from Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,among which 49 compounds were confirmed through comparison with reference stand-ards.The non-volatile components mainly include 27 flavonoids,21 organic acids,15 lignans,14 iridoids,12 phenylethanoid glyco-sides,11 saponins,10 alkaloids,5 terpenes,4 amino acids,3 phenylpropanoids,3 nucleosides,3 xanthones,3 phenolic glycosides,2 chromones and 1 carbohydrate.The volatile components mainly include 11 monoterpenes,5 alcohols and phenols,3 alkenes,2 ke-tones,1 ester,and 1 hydrocarbon.CONCLUSION This study rapidly identifies the chemical components of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets,laying a preliminary foundation for research on the pharmacodynamic substances of Yin-Qiao-Qing-Re Tablets and the im-provement of quality control standards.

Microbiota can be recognized by the human immune system,trigger specific immune responses,and play a significant role in the onset and progression of diseases through intricate regulatory mechanisms.The tumor microenvironment comprises the peritumoral extracellular matrix,immune cells,tumor-associated fibroblasts,and endothelial cells,among others.In this context,the tumor immune microenvironment,characterized by immune cells,significantly influences cancer progression and treatment.Notably,the tumor immune microenvironment is closely associated with the tumor microbiota.The presence of respiratory microbiota is correlated with the typing and staging of non-small cell lung cancer.This study investigated the mechanisms by which respiratory microbiota affect innate and adaptive immune cells within the tumor immune microenvironment and explored the role of respiratory microbiota in the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.The aim was to identify potential biomarkers that could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: To explore the relationship of self-injurious behavior with peer discrimination and depression among AIDS orphans, so as to provide the basis for promoting the mental health of AIDS orphans. Methods: From March 2021 to March 2022, 626 AIDS orphans from 5 counties in Henan Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling methods. Non suicidal Self-injury assessment Tool, Discrimination Experience Scale, and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate AIDS orphans self-injurious behavior, peer discrimination and depression. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the moderating effect of depression between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans. Results: The detection rates of self-injurious behavior, peer discrimination and depression of AIDS orphans were 80.0%, 73.3% and 67.6 % respectively. The detection rates of the three items mentioned above were 86.9%, 81.5%, and 77.5% for double orphaned children, respectively, which were higher than 74.6%, 67.0%, and 59.8% for single orphaned children, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=21.29, 23.78, 14.23, P <0.01). The score of self-injurious behavior of AIDS orphans was positively correlated with peer discrimination and depression ( r=0.55, 0.40, P <0.01). Depression played a moderating role in the relationship between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans ( β= 0.03, P <0.05). Conclusions AIDS orphans are more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors after experiencing peer discrimination and psychological depression. The society and schools should adopt targeted intervention strategies to promote the mental health among AIDS orphans.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and underactive bladder (UAB) are common types of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women.As the treatment mechanisms of the two conditions are contradictory, the treatment of SUI patients complicated with UAB remains a difficult clinical problem.In order to improve the treatment rate of such patients and promote research, this paper reviews the latest domestic and overseas diagnostic criteria of UAB, summarizes the treatment experience of conventional midurethral sling (tension-free vaginal tape or outside-in transobturator tape) and adjustable sling procedures (transobturator adjustable tape or Remeex system) combined with medication or intermittent catheterization, and the application prospects of cutting-edge technologies such as stem cell injection, cytokine therapy and gene therapy, so as to provide reference for clinicians and researchers.

Objective:To summarize the evidence related to the guidance and management of breastfeeding in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and other databases and professional websites were searched by computer for evidence on breastfeeding guidance and management for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, including clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus and randomized controlled trials. The search period was from database establishment to April 1, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation, evidence extraction, and integration.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, including 4 clinical decision-making articles, 4 guidelines, 4 evidence summaries, 6 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensus and 4 randomized controlled trials. A total of 21 best pieces of evidence were summarized from six aspects of support and education, knowledge and skills, safety issues, feeding issues, dietary care, and blood glucose monitoring.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence on breastfeeding guidance and management for pregnant women with gestational diabetes and suggests that the medical staff should apply the proof according to the clinical situation and the patient's wish.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is a serious threat to human health. HBV infection is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma.The diagnosis of most hepatocellular carcinoma has progressed to the middle and late stage, and the prognosis is poor. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are important supports to improve the clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have established various hepatocellular carcinoma risk prediction models, which are conducive to improving the early diagnosis rate of hepatocellular carcinoma and reducing the mortality rate. This article reviews the risk factors and risk prediction models of chronic hepatitis B associated hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to provide reference for HBV-associated liver cancer risk monitoring and management decision.