Epidemiology research has found that ABO blood group and the gene coding ABO glycosyltransferases are associated with many human diseases. The activity of ABO glycosyltransferases varies with different blood types, mediating different glycosylation modifications. The variation in glycosylation level might be the risk factor of specific disease. Based on the literature retrieval and analysis, glycosylation levels regulated by ABO glycosyltransferases mainly affect the ABH blood group antigens and von Willebrand factor (vWF). By modulating key glycosylation components, ABO glycosyltransferases partly determine the activity or expression levels of the ABH antigens and vWF, thereby affecting the development and progression of diseases. Exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of ABO glycosyltransferases can improve the understanding of the molecular pathology of related diseases and provide reference for clinical research and application.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

Extended reality(XR)technology includes virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR)and mixed reality(MR)Combining virtual environments with physical world,the extended reality(XR)technology has great potential in rehabilitation of patients with stroke.This article reviews the intervention effects of XR technology on the functions of limb,swallowing,speech and cognition and psychological outcomes in patients with stroke.Based on this review,issues in application of XR are identified and targeted solutions are proposed,thereby offering a guidance for application of XR technology in stroke rehabilitation in China.

Epidemiology research has found that ABO blood group and the gene coding ABO glycosyltransferases are associated with many human diseases. The activity of ABO glycosyltransferases varies with different blood types, mediating different glycosylation modifications. The variation in glycosylation level might be the risk factor of specific disease. Based on the literature retrieval and analysis, glycosylation levels regulated by ABO glycosyltransferases mainly affect the ABH blood group antigens and von Willebrand factor (vWF). By modulating key glycosylation components, ABO glycosyltransferases partly determine the activity or expression levels of the ABH antigens and vWF, thereby affecting the development and progression of diseases. Exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of ABO glycosyltransferases can improve the understanding of the molecular pathology of related diseases and provide reference for clinical research and application.

Pathomics, the integration of digital pathology and artificial intelligence, is used to assess tumor diagnosis, treatment and prognosis by extracting, screening and analyzing the data features contained in pathological pictures. In recent years, more and more pathomics studies of head and neck neoplasms have shown great value in the areas of computer-assisted diagnosis, tumor microenvironment and biomarker identification as well as prognosis evaluation. It is expected to play an important role in clinical assistance and precise treatment of head and neck neoplasms in the future.

Objective To analyse the differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways in stable angina pectoris of coronary artery heart disease with spleen deficiency and phlegm turbidity syndrome by serum metabolomics.Methods This study observed 60 patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary artery heart disease with spleen deficiency and phlegm turbidity syndrome and 60 healthy volunteers in the same period.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was performed on the serum metabonomics.The differential metabolites were identified by multivariate statistical analysis of the original spectrogram and original data,and enrichment analysis of KEGG metabolic pathway was analyzed.Results A total of 60 patients in the group of stable angina pectoris of coronary artery heart disease with spleen deficiency and phlegm turbidity syndrome participated in the study,and a total of 60 healthy volunteers in the control group participated in the study.There was no statistical difference in general information and biochemical indicators between the two groups(P>0.05);Eighteen differential metabolites were found respectively,including phenylacetaldehyde,orthophosphate,guanosine,diethyl phosphate,2-dehydro-d-gluconate,guanine and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole down-regulated expression,taurocholate,2-propylglutaric acid,8-amino-7-oxononanoate,l-tyrosine,s-sulfo-l-cysteine,cyclohexanecarboxylic acid,porphobilinogen,(r)-acetoin,octanoylglucuronide,melatonin and solanine up-regulated expression,involving phenylalanine metabolism,thiamine metabolism,purine metabolism.Conclusion The differential metabolites reveal the metabolic essence of stable angina pectoris of coronary artery heart disease with spleen deficiency and phlegm turbidity syndrome from the micro level,and can provide clues for clinical early warning of patients with stable angina pectoris of coronary artery heart disease with spleen deficiency and phlegm turbidity syndromet.

By preparing 15 batches of lyophilized powder samples of substance benchmark in Houpo Wenzhong Decoction,the fingerprint,index component content and extract rate were determined,and the characteristic peaks,the range of similarity with the reference map,the content range and transfer rate range of magnolol,hesperidin,glycyrrhizic acid and pinocembrin,the extract rate range and the change range were clarified. The results showed that the similarity between the fingerprint of substance benchmark and the reference map R generated from the 15 batches of substance benchmark samples was higher than 0. 90. The assignment of the characteristic peaks in the full prescription's fingerprint of the herbs except Poria cocos was clarified. Nineteen characteristic peaks were assigned,and 12 characteristic peaks were assigned by the reference substance,of which 4 were from Magnolia ocinalis Cortex,5 from Exocarpium Citri Rubrum,2 from Radix aucklandiae,3 from Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma,4 from Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai,and one from Rhizoma Zingiberis and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The index component content range and transfer rate range were 0. 80%-1. 14% and 20. 25%-39. 61% for hesperidin,0. 49%-0. 79% and 23. 09%-33. 87%for glycyrrhizic acid,0. 03%-0. 07% and 3. 55%-10. 09% for pinocembrin,0. 15%-0. 38% and 8. 08%-24. 35% for magnolol. The extract rate range and the change range were22. 60%-25. 57% and 12. 67%-23. 68% respectively. In this study,we introduced the concepts of index component content,fingerprint,extract rate,explored the transfer relation of quality value transmitting of substance benchmark in Houpo Wenzhong Decoction,and initially established the quality standard of Houpo Wenzhong Decoction,all of which would provide ideas for the development and research of similar prescriptions.
Benchmarking ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Glycyrrhiza ; Quality Control

Objective:To investigate characteristics and changes of skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis-like mouse models induced by different concentrations of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) .Methods:Totally, 30 male specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by using a random number table: negative control group topically treated with 200 μl of mixture of acetone and olive oil at a volume ratio of 3∶1 on the back twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks; high-and low-concentration DNCB groups both topically treated with 200 μl of 1% DNCB on the first and third day at the first week, followed by topical application of 200 μl of 0.5% and 0.1% DNCB, respectively, twice a week for 5 weeks from the second week. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the severity of skin lesions was evaluated, and the transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration were measured. After the experiment, the mice were sacrificed, and skin tissues were resected from the back of the mice for histopathological examination. Full-thickness skin tissue samples were obtained from the back of 3 mice in each group. Illumina Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing was performed to sequence the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene of skin microbiota on the back of the mice, and the composition and structure of the skin microbiota and changes in the relative abundance of different genera were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in indices among the 3 groups, and the Games-Howell method was used for multiple comparisons.Results:The severity scores of skin lesions were significantly higher in the high-and low-concentration DNCB groups (9.83 ± 2.45 points, 2.71 ± 0.56 points, respectively) than in the negative control group (0.51 ± 0.12 points, t=-7.19,-2.85, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Compared with the negative control group, the high-and low-concentration DNCB groups showed significantly increased transepidermal water loss ( t=-7.72,-2.68, respectively, both P < 0.05) , but significantly decreased stratum corneum hydration ( t=6.77, 5.99, respectively, both P < 0.05) ; the transepidermal water loss was significantly higher in the high-concentration DNCB group than in the low-concentration DNCB group ( t=2.76, P < 0.05) , while no significant difference in the stratum corneum hydration was observed between the high-and low-concentration DNCB groups ( P > 0.05) . There was a significant difference in the relative abundance of Corynebacterium among the 3 groups ( F=249.85, P < 0.001) , which was highest in the high-concentration DNCB group. No significant differences in the observed species and Chao1 index of the skin samples were observed among the 3 groups (both P > 0.05) , and the Shannon index was significantly lower in the high-concentration DNCB group than in the low-concentration DNCB group and negative control group ( t=6.96,-6.37, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:DNCB could induce atopic dermatitis-like dermatitis in mice, and the severity of skin lesions and degree of barrier function impairment were related to the concentration of DNCB; the species diversity of skin microbiota markedly decreased in the high-concentration DNCB group, indicating that high-concentration DNCB modeling has more advantages in studying microbiological changes associated with atopic dermatitis.

Famous traditional formula Sanpian Decoction(SPD)comes from Dialectical Records of Chen Shiduo of the Qing Dynasty,and ranks among 100 classic prescriptions of Classic Famous Traditional Formula catalogue(the First Batch). SPD was prepared according to Management Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Room in Medical Institutions. According to the polarity of different components in SPD,two HPLC fingerprints were established, in which six herbs, namely Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Paeoniae Randix Alba, Sinapis Semen, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Pruni Semen, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,are all reflected in the fingerprints; The dry extract rate, transfer rate and similarities of fingerprints were used as indicators to study the relationship between the quality value transmitting of medicinal herbs-decoction pieces-whole decoction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Experiment result shows that,the transfer rate of ferulic acid from medicinal herbs to decoction pieces is between 72.00% and 108.36%; the transfer rate of ferulic acid from decoction pieces to SPD is between 31.76% and 64.09%; the dry extract rate of the whole decoction is between 14.69% and 20.16%;The similarity range of fingerprint 1 of 15 batches of SPD is between 0.971 and 0.998, and the similarity range of fingerprint 2 is between 0.980 and 0.996. The established fingerprint has rich information,and the established quality evaluation method is suitable for the quality control of medicinal herbs-decoction pieces-whole decoction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, which can provide a certain reference for developing the quality control evaluation method for formulated granules, famous formulae and other terminal products derived from traditional Chinese medicine decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Rhizome