To address the current issues of data imbalance and scarcity in photoplethysmography (PPG) data for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prediction, this study proposes an improved conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (CWGAN-GP). The algorithm integrated gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks and self-attention mechanisms to construct a generator, aiming to produce high-quality PPG signals. Various data augmentation methods, including the improved CWGAN-GP, were employed to expand the PPG dataset, and multiple classifiers were applied for T2DM prediction analysis. Experimental results showed that the model trained on data generated by the improved CWGAN-GP achieved the optimal prediction performance. The highest accuracy reached 0.895 0, and compared with other data enhancement methods, this approach exhibited significant advantages in terms of precision and F1-score. The generated data notably enhances the accuracy and generalization ability of T2DM prediction models, providing a more reliable technical basis for non-invasive early T2DM screening based on PPG signals.
Photoplethysmography/methods* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Prediction Algorithms

OBJECTIVE: To measure and analyze the occlusal force and contact in children with mixed dentition, and to preliminarily provide baseline data on the occlusion of individual normal occlusion children with mixed dentition. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 20 children with mixed dentition and individual normal occlusion, consisting of 12 boys and 8 girls, aged 6.5-9.8 years. The Dental Prescale Ⅱ occlusal analysis system was used to measure the occlusal force and contact at the intercuspal position, including the maximum occlusal force (N) and the occlusal contact area (mm²) of the entire dentition, and the left and right sides, average occlusal pressure (MPa), maximum occlusal pressure (MPa), and to determine the position of the center of occlusal force. The gender differences in maximum occlusal force, average occlusal pressure, and occlusal contact area were analyzed, the bilateral symmetry of occlusion in children with mixed dentition and individual normal occlusion was compared, and the correlation between occlusal data and age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The average maximum occlusal force of the entire dentition in the 20 children with mixed dentition at the intercuspal position was (869.18±106.64) N, the average occlusal contact area was (25.19±2.89) mm², the average occlusal pressure was (34.37±5.98) MPa, and the maximum occlusal pressure M(P₂₅, P₇₅) was 120 (120, 120) MPa; (2) There was no statistically significant difference in the maximum occlusal force, average occlusal pressure, maximum occlusal pressure, and occlusal contact area between the left and right sides (P>0.05); (3) At the intercuspal position, the average occlusal contact area for 12 boys and 8 girls was (26.71±3.91) mm² and (21.62±3.08) mm² respectively, and the average maximum occlusal force was (911.92±145.05) N and (769.47±116.45) N respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the average occlusal pressure between boys and girls (P>0.05); (4) The maximum occlusal force at the intercuspal position was weakly correlated with age (r=0.219, P=0.046), and strongly positively correlated with the occlusal contact area (r=0.949, P < 0.001), while the average occlusal pressure, maximum occlusal pressure, and occlusal contact area were not correlated with age, height, weight, or BMI; (5) The center of occlusal force in the 20 children with mixed dentition and individual normal occlusion was located in the molar region, with 7 children having the maximum occlusal pressure point only in the first permanent molar region, 10 children having it in both the deciduous molar region and the first permanent molar region, and 3 children having it only in the deciduous molar region. CONCLUSION In children with mixed dentition and individual normal occlusion, the maximum occlusal force, occlusal contact area, average occlusal pressure, and maximum occlusal pressure at the intercuspal position show good bilateral symmetry; there are gender differences in the maximum occlusal force and occlusal contact area, with boys having greater values than girls; the maximum occlusal force is positively correlated with the occlusal contact area.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Bite Force ; Female ; Dentition, Mixed ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dental Occlusion

Zhigancao Tang （also known as Fumaitang） is a classic formula for treating "intermittent pulse and palpitations" and is widely used in clinical practice. Sanjia Fumaitang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （First Batch） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China in 2018， is derived from this formula. This paper employed bibliometric methods to comprehensively investigate and summarize the historical evolution， drug composition， herb origins and preparation， prescription meanings， and ancient and modern applications of Zhigancao Tang， analyzed the composition and usage of Zhigancao Tang， and discussed the reasons and applications of the "Fumaitang" variants created by Wu Jutong. A total of 47 valid pieces of data from 38 ancient texts were included. Results showe that Zhigancao Tang originates from the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）， and the name "Fumaitang" is also recorded in the formula's description. Converted to modern measurements from the Han dynasty system， the recommended preparation for Zhigancao Tang includes 55.2 g of fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 41.4 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 27.6 g of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， 220 g of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa， 27.6 g of Asini Corii Colla， 53 g of Ophiopogonis Radix， 45 g of Cannabis Fructus， and 90 g of Jujubae Fructus. All herbs should be decocted with 1 400 mL of yellow rice wine and 1 600 mL of water until 600 mL. Once the Asini Corii Colla is fully dissolved， the decoction should be taken warm at a dosage of 200 mL， three times a day. Zhigancao Tang is effective for replenishing Qi， warming Yang， nourishing Yin， and nourishing blood and is primarily used to treat “intermittent pulse and palpitations” caused by deficiencies in heart Yin and Yang， as well as malnutrition of the heart meridian and conditions like lung atrophy. Modern applications mainly focus on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， including arrhythmias， coronary heart disease， and premature ventricular contractions. The findings from this research provide a reference for the further development of Zhigancao Tang.

A 11-year old female patient with severe thalassemia, receipt a lentivirus-based cell and gene therapy (CGT) therapy in Shenzhen Children′s Hosptial on July 27th, 2021. At the two follow-up visits after discharge, patient were continuously tested positive for HIV screening through HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (chemiluminescence Immunoassay), and the viral load results of HIV-1 nucleic acid testing (NAT) were both>5 000 copies/ml. The patient can be diagnosed with HIV infection according to the National Guideline for Detection of HIV/AIDS(2020 Revised Edition). The thorough investigation findings and supplementary experiment results indicated that the false-positive HIV-1 NAT results was caused by cross-reactivity between the target sites detected by conventional HIV-1 NAT reagents and the lentiviral vectors fragments integrated into the genome of patient′s hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In conclusion, it is important for laboratories to select appropriate HIV-1 NAT testing platforms which won′t cause cross-reactivity for the testing of samples from patients who have been treated with HIV-derived vectors. It is also recommended to design and develop NAT testing platforms with multiple target regions labeled by different fluorescents for HIV NAT supplementation experiment to reduce the risk of false-positive diagnoses of HIV infection.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of long intramedullary nails versus short intramedullary nails in the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients with AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femur fractures treated between March 2019 and August 2022. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (the long nail group and the short nail group). Thirty-four patients were treated with long intramedullary nails, including 16 males and 18 females, aged 68.41±17.84 years old (range 31-96 years). Twenty-six patients were treated with short intramedullary nails, including 13 males and 13 females, aged 72.23±13.97 years old (range 31-90 years). The causes of injury, fracture classification (AO/OTA classification), intraoperative blood loss, operation time, fracture healing time, imaging indexes (fracture reduction quality, postoperative neck trunk angle, and medial support), Harris score of the hip joint at the last follow-up, one-year mortality rates and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The follow-up time was 24.26±6.67 months in the long nail group and 24.31±5.60 months in the short nail group, and the general information of the two groups were comparable. Between the long nail and short nail group, the intraoperative blood loss was 281.47±235.28 ml vs. 121.92±84.14 ml and the operation time was 110.44±24.63 min vs. 81.15±28.54 min with significant differences ( P<0.05). While the length of hospital stay was 12.35±4.81 d vs. 10.89±4.30 d, the good rate of fracture reduction was 55.9% vs. 61.53%, the fracture healing time was 120.44±16.43 d vs. 128.07±18.33 d, the presence rate of medial support was 67.6% vs. 79.4%, and the excellent rate of Harris score was 65.4% vs. 65.4% with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). One-year mortality rates was 5.3% vs. 7.1% and complications was 11.7% vs. 15.4% with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both long intramedullary nails and short intramedullary nails are effective in the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A3 intertrochanteric femur fractures. However, surgical time and intraoperative blood loss was less in the short nail group.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of subfascial and extrafascial anterior quadratus lumborum block (AQLB).Methods:This study included two trials. TrialⅠ This trail was a retrospective study. The images of patients undergoing abdominal CT examination from January to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed in the picture archiving and communication system of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University. One hundred adult patients with no musculoskeletal disorders or history of thoracolumbar surgery were randomly selected, and the anatomical relation between the quadratus lumbar muscle (QLM) and psoas major muscle (PMM) at the L 4 level was observed. Trial Ⅱ This trail was a prospective study. Twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰor Ⅱ male patients, aged 18-65 yr, with a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, who underwent elective unilateral AQLB lower abdominal surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from January to February 2024, were included and divided into subfascial group and extrafascial group using computer-generated random numbers, with 10 cases per group (5 cases on the left and 5 cases on the right side each). AQLB was performed using 0.375% ropivacaine 30 ml: the injection point for subfascial group was located between the fascia of the QLM and the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia at the L 4 level, while the injection point for extrafascial group was located underneath the fascia of the PMM at the L 4 level. The blocked side of the body was divided into 15 regions using the anatomical landmarks on the body surface. The positive rates of skin sensory block and sensory disappearance of dermatomes in each region were assessed by cold stimulation at 40 min after block. The modified Bromage score was used to evaluate the lower limb motor block at 40 min after block and 1 h after surgery. Results:PartⅠ At the L 4 level, the overlapping of the bilateral QLM and PMM only occurred in 1 patient (1%), the overlapping only appearing on the left side occurred in 1 patient (1%), and the PMM and QLM in the remaining 98 patients (98%) were separated. Part Ⅱ The positive rates in 3, 5, 6 and 8 regions and the sensory disappearance rates of T 7 to T 12 dermatomes were significantly higher in subfascial group than in extrafascial group ( P<0.05). One patient in extrafascial group had a modified Bromage score of 1 on the block side at 40 min after block, and both groups scored 0 at the other time points. Conclusions:QLM and PMM are separated at the L 4 level in most patients. Subfascial AQLB is more effective than extrafascial AQLB in blocking the middle-lower region of the abdominal wall and has no motor block.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and adverse reactions of capecitabine combined with docetaxel and cisplatin (TP) regimen or 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) combined with TP regimen induction chemotherapy for stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ B nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 65 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with clinical stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ B who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from June 2020 to December 2021 were collected. These patients received induction chemotherapy and were divided into capecitabine combined with TP regimen group (capecitabine group, 34 cases) and 5-Fu combined with TP regimen group (5-Fu group, 31 cases) according to different chemotherapy regimens. The objective response rate (ORR) and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients. Results:The differences in age, composition ratios of gender, T stage and N stage of patients and induction chemotherapy frequency between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The ORR of nasopharynx in capecitabine group and 5-Fu group were 88.2% (30/34) and 74.2% (23/31), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 2.12, P = 0.145); the ORR of cervical lymph nodes were 85.3% (29/34) and 64.5% (20/31), with no statistically significant difference ( χ2 = 4.67, P = 0.097). The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions in the capecitabine group was lower than that in the 5-Fu group [41.2% (14/34) vs. 71.0% (22/31), χ2 = 6.45, P = 0.040], and the difference in the hematological adverse reaction between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of capecitabine combined with TP regimen and 5-Fu combined with TP regimen induction chemotherapy for stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ B nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients is comparable, and the adverse reactions are tolerable. However, the capecitabine combined with TP regimen has lower incidence of gastrointestinal reactions and higher compliance by the patients. Therefore, the capecitabine combined with TP regimen can be prioritized in the induction chemotherapy.

Gastric residual volume is an important factor affecting patients' enteral nutrition. Bedside ultrasound can quickly and accurately predict gastric residual volume, which helps guide enteral nutrition. This paper reviews the applicable population, construction process, predictive performance, and clinical application of the ultrasound prediction model for gastric residual volume, so as to provide reference for the construction and application of ultrasound prediction models for gastric residual volume in China.

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for all categories of end-stage organ diseases. To resolve the shortage of donors in organ transplantation, widespread attention has been diverted to xenotransplantation. At present, clinicians mainly highlight the problems related to xenotransplantation rejection and viral infection. The physiology of xenotransplantation has been rarely studied. Kidney performs endocrine function by producing erythropoietin (EPO), renin and activating vitamin D. Although these pathways are usually well preserved in allogeneic transplantation, species-specific differences, especially those between pigs and non-human primates, may still affect the physiological function of transplant organs. In this article, the changes of EPO, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and active vitamin D₃ of pig and human after xenotransplantation were illustrated, aiming to provide reference for subclinical research of xenotransplantation.