Obesity is a non-communicable chronic disease whose increasing prevalence has contributed to a higher incidence of various obesity-related comorbidities,including type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,hyperuricemia,fatty liver disease,infertility and certain types of cancer.Nutritional intervention serves as the first-line and continuous approach in obesity management.However,its effectiveness heavily depends on patient compliance,which poses a challenge for some individuals and may lead to suboptimal weight loss outcomes.Pharmacotherapy has emerged as an important strategy for weight reduction due to its efficacy and convenience.Nonetheless,weight-loss medications are associated with limitations such as specific indications,adverse effects,and loss of muscle mass,highlighting the essential role of appropriate nutritional support as a foundation for drug therapy.This article reviewed the mechanisms of action,efficacy and common adverse reactions of the six weight-loss drugs approved in China,with a focus on the impact of combined nutritional interventions on enhancing treatment outcomes and mitigating adverse effects.The aim is to provide insights and evidence for optimizing clinical management strategies for obesity.

This study aims to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)on the infection and replication of porcine delta coronavirus(PDCoV).Porcine small intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2),porcine kidney cells(LLC-PK)and swine testis cells(ST)were used as models,and CCK-8 method was used to detect the safe mass concentration range of AFB1 on the three cell lines.Each cell line was divided into the blank control group,AFB1 treatment group,PDCoV treatment group and AFB1 and the PDCoV co-treatment group.The cells were treated with safe mass concentration of AFB1 for 12 h,and then treated with PDCoV for 20 h.Total RNA and total protein were extrac-ted from the cells.The effects of AFB1 on PDCoV infection and replication were detected by qPCR,Western blot and cell immunofluorescence tests.The results showed that compared with the PDCoV treatment group,the mRNA and N protein of viral S protein in the AFB1 and PDCoV co-treatment group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and a significantly higher fluorescence of PDCoV N protein is also visibly present in the co-treatment group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups.The results showed that AFB1 could promote the infection and replication of PDCoV.It provides important data that AFB1 can promote the infection replication of PDCoV and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV.

This study explored the effect of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)PE/PPE family protein PE_PGRS37 on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ms)and macrophage autophagy during Mtb infection.The pe_pgrs37 gene was amplified from Mtb genome through PCR,and the recombinant vector pAIN-PE_PGRS37 was successfully constructed through homologous recombi-nation.pAIN-PE_PGRS37 and pAIN were integrated into Ms through electroshock to construct pAIN-PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms re-combinant bacteria.Western blotting indicated that the PE_PGRS37 protein was correctly expressed in pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms.The re-combinant bacteria were inoculated in 7H9/7H10 medium,and their colony morphology and growth curves were observed.No signifi-cant difference in colony morphology was observed between pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms.The growth rate significantly in-creased between 10 and 16 h,and a plateau was reached at 26 h.After infection of U937 cells with pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms,macrophage autophagy flow was detected with western blotting and immunofluorescence.In the pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms-infected group,compared with the pAIN/Ms-infected group,macrophage LC3-II and p62 protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001)and inhibited autophagosome and lysosome fusion.The intracellular survival of the recombinant bacteria was detected through colony counting,and pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms showed significantly greater survival in macrophages at 12 h,24 h,and 48 h than pAIN/Ms(P<0.05).Our results suggested that PE_PGRS37 protein promotes Mycobacterium survival in macrophages by blocking macro-phage autophagy flow,thus inhibiting macrophage autophagy.

Hematologic malignancies arise from hematopoietic or immune system tissues and are characterized by abnormal cellular growth.Ferroptosis,a newly recognized form of cell death,is driven by mechanisms such as iron me-tabolism,oxidative defense,and lipid peroxidation.Increasing evidence has highlighted a significant link between ferrop-tosis and various hematologic cancers.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown particular promise in the treatment of these cancers,offering unique therapeutic approaches.This article explores the role of ferroptosis modulation in hemato-logic malignancies and reviews the current understanding of how TCM's bioactive compounds and monomers exert their ef-fects in managing hematologic cancers,including leukemia,lymphoma,and multiple myeloma,through the induction of ferroptosis.The objective is to provide insight into potential strategies for targeting ferroptosis as a treatment approach for these malignancies.

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the structure and content of the long-term care insurance(LTCI)policy in China's deeply aging areas.Methods Using the Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC)index model indicator design method,a LTCI policy evalua-tion index system was constructed,consisting of nine primary indicators and 34 secondary indicators.A total of 123 provincial-level LTCI policies issued in deeply aging regions of China between June 1,2014,and October 1,2024 were analyzed.High-frequency word extraction was performed using ROSTCM 6.0,and a social network diagram of LTCI policies was created.The policy structure and content were quantitatively evaluated and ana-lyzed based on the established policy evaluation index system.Results The main content of LTCI policies in deeply aging areas of China covered services,institutions and assessment.The highest policy score was 7.28,and the lowest was 2.20,with an average score of 5.00.There were 25 perfect policies,63 excellent policies,28 good policies and seven qualified policies.In the dimension of policy content,the indexes of five primary indicators of policy evaluation,policy target groups,policy nature,policy perspective and policy tools were 0.60 or more;while the indexes of four primary indicators of policy content,incentives and constraints,policy timeliness,and policy level were 0.50 or less.Conclusion LTCI policies issued in China's deeply aging areas provide comprehensive coverage in aspects such as poli-cy evaluation,policy target groups and policy nature,and need to be improved in policy tool selection and the construction of incentive and constraint mechanisms.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to construct and verify the nomogram.Methods:The clinical data of 240 patients with MHD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from July 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether the patients had MACE, they were divided into two groups, namely the occurrence group (with MACE, n=55) and the non-occurrence group (without MACE, n=185). After comparing the clinical data of the two groups, The independent risk factors of MHD patients with MACE were screened by binary logistic regression analysis, and the risk nomogram prediction model was constructed according to the risk factors, and the prediction efficiency of the model was analyzed by Bootstrap method. Results:There were significant differences in age, dialysis age, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and hemodialysis flux between the two groups (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression model analysis showed that dialysis age >12 months, combined with hyperlipidemia, combined with hyperuricemia, and low throughput hemodialysis were independent risk factors for MHD patients with MACE (all P<0.05). The neomorph risk prediction model was constructed based on independent risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.842(95% CI: 0.789-0.896), the specificity was 69.1%, the sensitivity was 89.7%, the cutoff value was 13.128, and the Yoden index was 0.588, suggesting that the accuracy of the model was good. Conclusions:Dialysis age >12 months, combined with hyperlipidemia, combined with hyperuricemia and low throughput hemodialysis are independent risk factors for MACE in MHD patients. Intervention and control of risk factors can reduce the incidence of MACE.

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the structure and content of the long-term care insurance(LTCI)policy in China's deeply aging areas.Methods Using the Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC)index model indicator design method,a LTCI policy evalua-tion index system was constructed,consisting of nine primary indicators and 34 secondary indicators.A total of 123 provincial-level LTCI policies issued in deeply aging regions of China between June 1,2014,and October 1,2024 were analyzed.High-frequency word extraction was performed using ROSTCM 6.0,and a social network diagram of LTCI policies was created.The policy structure and content were quantitatively evaluated and ana-lyzed based on the established policy evaluation index system.Results The main content of LTCI policies in deeply aging areas of China covered services,institutions and assessment.The highest policy score was 7.28,and the lowest was 2.20,with an average score of 5.00.There were 25 perfect policies,63 excellent policies,28 good policies and seven qualified policies.In the dimension of policy content,the indexes of five primary indicators of policy evaluation,policy target groups,policy nature,policy perspective and policy tools were 0.60 or more;while the indexes of four primary indicators of policy content,incentives and constraints,policy timeliness,and policy level were 0.50 or less.Conclusion LTCI policies issued in China's deeply aging areas provide comprehensive coverage in aspects such as poli-cy evaluation,policy target groups and policy nature,and need to be improved in policy tool selection and the construction of incentive and constraint mechanisms.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of posterior midline incision combined with anteromedial approach in the treatment of complex olecranon fracture-dislocation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients (15 males and 11 females) with olecranon fracture-dislocation who were admitted from January 2020 to January 2024, including 5 cases of anterior transolecranon fracture-dislocation (2 cases of upper ulnar-radial joint dislocation), 21 cases of posterior transolecranon fracture-dislocation (5 cases of them were accompanied by upper ulnar-radial joint dislocation). Among them, there were 13 cases of traffic accidents, 7 cases of falling from heights, and 6 cases of walking falls. The average age is 45.1±15.3 years old (21-84 years old).Results:The operation time was 151.2±41.9 minutes, average tourniquet time was 93.7±22.6 minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss was 76.2±20.2 ml. The average follow-up was 16(12, 23) months, and the VAS score decreased significantly and the MEPS score increased significantly over time. At the last follow-up, the VAS score was 2(1, 2), and the MEPS score was 86.5±10.3, with 16 cases excellent, 7 cases good, and 3 cases medium, with an excellent rate of 89%. The range of motion of flexion-extension and pronation-supination were 119.3°±13.5°and 138.6°±15.2° respectively. Complications included 16 cases of ectopic ossification, of which 4 patients with significant effects on elbow function underwent surgical release 3-6 months after surgery. 1 case of ulnar nerve injury symptoms improved after emergency ulnar nerve release, and 1 case of elbow subluxation due to inaccurate coronoid process reduction and fixation. There were no serious complications such as vascular injury, internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and incision infection.Conclusion:The posterior midline incision combined with anteromedial approach can effectively treat complex olecranon fracture-dislocation and meet the requirements of early postoperative elbow rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the promoting effect of long-term administration of nicotiflorin on the recovery of neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI）. Methods The CIRI model was established and nicotiflorin was injected intraperitoneally after 1 hour of obstruction for 8 weeks. Tail suspension deflection experiment, balance beam experiment and water maze test were performed in the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. After 8 weeks, TTC staining was used to observe the volume of infarct atrophy, transcriptome sequencing was employed to screen differential expressed genes （DEGs） and highly enriched pathways were analyzed, Western-bloting and Elisa were used to assess proteins expression related to the pyroptosis pathway and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Results By long-term administration of nicotiflorin, the contralateral deflection rate was significantly reduced and beam experiment score of CIRI rats was balanced, the number of crossing the platform in water maze test was increased （P<0.05）, the volume of cerebral infarction atrophy was decreased （P<0.01）, which significantly promoted the recovery of neurological function in rats. Transcriptome sequencing found that the expression of genes in the pyroptosis-related signaling pathways in the brain tissue of rats in the nicotiflorin group was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. Western-blot and Elisa experiments showed that nicotiflorin reduced the expression levels of Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N and other pyroptosis-related proteins, and at the same time, the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 was significantly reduced （P<0.05）, indicating that nicotiflorin could inhibit the inflammatory process of pyroptosis. Conclusion Nicotiflorin exhibited a significant long-term promotion effect on the recovery of neurological function in CIRI rats, which potentially attributed from its ability to inhibit pyroptosis.

This study aims to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)on the infection and replication of porcine delta coronavirus(PDCoV).Porcine small intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2),porcine kidney cells(LLC-PK)and swine testis cells(ST)were used as models,and CCK-8 method was used to detect the safe mass concentration range of AFB1 on the three cell lines.Each cell line was divided into the blank control group,AFB1 treatment group,PDCoV treatment group and AFB1 and the PDCoV co-treatment group.The cells were treated with safe mass concentration of AFB1 for 12 h,and then treated with PDCoV for 20 h.Total RNA and total protein were extrac-ted from the cells.The effects of AFB1 on PDCoV infection and replication were detected by qPCR,Western blot and cell immunofluorescence tests.The results showed that compared with the PDCoV treatment group,the mRNA and N protein of viral S protein in the AFB1 and PDCoV co-treatment group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and a significantly higher fluorescence of PDCoV N protein is also visibly present in the co-treatment group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups.The results showed that AFB1 could promote the infection and replication of PDCoV.It provides important data that AFB1 can promote the infection replication of PDCoV and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV.