Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of liraglutide on estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Databases including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,WanFang,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)were systematically searched from inception to June 30,2024.According to the inclusion criteria,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving intervention of liraglutide in T2DM were identified.Parameters of eGFR and UACR were extracted pre-and post-treatment in each study.A fixed or random-effects model was used for quantitative synthesis according to the heterogeneity,which was assessed with I2 index.Quality of eligible RCTs was evaluated based on the Cochrane criteria.Sensitivity test was conducted by using the standard method.Publication bias was evaluated according the Begg's and Egger's tests.Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0 softwares.Results A total of 10 studies,which included 11 RCTs and involved 657 patients,were ultimately identified after performing a systematic search.Of these,322 patients were administered with liraglutide.The overall quality of eligible RCTs was rated as medium.Compared with control group,no significant changes of eGFR(WMD=4.52 mL/min/1.73 m2,95%CI:-2.79-11.84,I2=88%,P=0.23)was observed in liraglutide-treated participants.In contrast,liraglutide significantly improved levels of UACR(WMD=-13.48 mg/g,95%CI:-22.68--4.29,I2=75%,P=0.004).The results were stable according to the sensitivity test.No significant publication bias was demonstrated after performing the Begg's and Egger's tests.Conclusions The administration of liraglutide prevented the decline of eGFR and reduced UACR in T2DM.These results suggested that diabetic participants potentially benefit more from liraglutide treatment in clinical practice.

Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of liraglutide on estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Databases including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,WanFang,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)were systematically searched from inception to June 30,2024.According to the inclusion criteria,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving intervention of liraglutide in T2DM were identified.Parameters of eGFR and UACR were extracted pre-and post-treatment in each study.A fixed or random-effects model was used for quantitative synthesis according to the heterogeneity,which was assessed with I2 index.Quality of eligible RCTs was evaluated based on the Cochrane criteria.Sensitivity test was conducted by using the standard method.Publication bias was evaluated according the Begg's and Egger's tests.Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0 softwares.Results A total of 10 studies,which included 11 RCTs and involved 657 patients,were ultimately identified after performing a systematic search.Of these,322 patients were administered with liraglutide.The overall quality of eligible RCTs was rated as medium.Compared with control group,no significant changes of eGFR(WMD=4.52 mL/min/1.73 m2,95%CI:-2.79-11.84,I2=88%,P=0.23)was observed in liraglutide-treated participants.In contrast,liraglutide significantly improved levels of UACR(WMD=-13.48 mg/g,95%CI:-22.68--4.29,I2=75%,P=0.004).The results were stable according to the sensitivity test.No significant publication bias was demonstrated after performing the Begg's and Egger's tests.Conclusions The administration of liraglutide prevented the decline of eGFR and reduced UACR in T2DM.These results suggested that diabetic participants potentially benefit more from liraglutide treatment in clinical practice.

Bones possess metabolic activity, with their homeostasis maintained by bone resorption and bone formation mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. By measuring bone metabolism markers, the overall state of bone metabolism and dynamic changes in systemic bone tissue can be reflected. Traditional bone turnover markers, including alkaline phosphatase, bonespecific alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, procollagen type 1 C-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin, c-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen(CTX) and its subtype β-CTX, n-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen, have been widely used in clinical practice but still have limitations in terms of stability, diagnostic reliability, and specific reflection of bone sites. Recently, novel bone turnover markers like microRNA, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12, Gelsolin, Annexin A2, sclerostin, Dickkopf-related protein 1, and citrate have garnered significant attention. This article endeavors to conduct a review of the production, mechanism of action, detection methods, diagnostic value, and application prospects of new bone turnover markers in osteoporosis, thereby offering novel ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis.

Bones possess metabolic activity, with their homeostasis maintained by bone resorption and bone formation mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. By measuring bone metabolism markers, the overall state of bone metabolism and dynamic changes in systemic bone tissue can be reflected. Traditional bone turnover markers, including alkaline phosphatase, bonespecific alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, procollagen type 1 C-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin, c-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen(CTX) and its subtype β-CTX, n-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen, have been widely used in clinical practice but still have limitations in terms of stability, diagnostic reliability, and specific reflection of bone sites. Recently, novel bone turnover markers like microRNA, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12, Gelsolin, Annexin A2, sclerostin, Dickkopf-related protein 1, and citrate have garnered significant attention. This article endeavors to conduct a review of the production, mechanism of action, detection methods, diagnostic value, and application prospects of new bone turnover markers in osteoporosis, thereby offering novel ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of recombinant plasmid pcEgr-p53 stable transfection in combination with X-ray irradiation on the apoptotic effect and the changes of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expressions in human A549 tumor cells.Methods:pEgr-hp53 packaged with liposome was stably transfected into A549 cells in vitro.These cells of expressing A549-hp53 and A549-vect were irradiated with 0,0.5,2 and 5 Gy X-rays,respectively,i.e.8 experimental groups.The A549 cells responding to the apoptotic effect and the changes of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expressions were measured with TUNEL assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Results:The percentage of apoptotic cells in A549-hp53 plus different dose irradiation group were significantly higher than that in 0 Gy group(P