Male infertility has become a global concern, accounting for 20-70% of infertility. Dysfunctional spermatogenesis is the most common cause of male infertility; thus, treating abnormal spermatogenesis may improve male infertility and has attracted the attention of the medical community. Mitochondria are essential organelles that maintain cell homeostasis and normal physiological functions in various ways, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial OXPHOS transmits electrons through the respiratory chain, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mechanisms are vital for spermatogenesis, especially to maintain the normal function of testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells. The disruption of mitochondrial OXPHOS caused by external factors can result in inadequate cellular energy supply, oxidative stress, apoptosis, or ferroptosis, all inhibiting spermatogenesis and damaging the male reproductive system, leading to male infertility. This article summarizes the latest pathological mechanism of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorder in testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells, which disrupts spermatogenesis and results in male infertility. In addition, we also briefly outline the current treatment of spermatogenic malfunction caused by mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders. However, relevant treatments have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders in Sertoli cells and germ cells is a research direction worthy of attention. We believe this review will provide new and more accurate ideas for treating male infertility.
Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/metabolism* ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*

Objective:To understand the infection status and molecular types of rhinovirus (RV) among cases of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022.Methods:From October 2017 to June 2022, clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 2 270 cases of ARIs at Luohe Central Hospital in Henan Province. Throat swab specimens were obtained from these cases. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to screen for RV-positive specimens. Subsequently, the positive samples were subjected to nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) to amplify the full-length VP1 region. Using the MEGA software, along with 169 RV reference strains recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine RV types.Results:Among the 2 270 cases of ARIs, there were 1 283 male cases (56.52%). The median age ( Q 1, Q 3) was 3 (1, 6) years, with the population under 5 years old accounting for 68.59% (1 557/2 270). RV was detected in 137 cases (6.04%), of which 68 cases (49.64%) showed co-detection with other viruses, with the most common being co-detection with enterovirus, accounting for 14.60% (20/137). The RV detection rates in the age groups of 0-4 years, 5-14 years, 15-59 years, and≥60 years were 6.42% (100/1 557), 4.69% (21/448), 3.80% (6/158), and 9.35% (10/107), respectively, with no statistically significant differences ( χ2=5.310, P=0.150). The overall detection rates of RV before (2017-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic showed no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.823, P=0.177). A total of 109 VP1 sequences were obtained, including 62 types. Among them, RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C had 42, 3, and 17 types respectively. Conclusion:RV is one of the predominant pathogens in ARIs cases in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022. Multiple types of RV co-circulate without any apparent dominant type.

Objective:To understand the infection status and molecular types of rhinovirus (RV) among cases of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022.Methods:From October 2017 to June 2022, clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 2 270 cases of ARIs at Luohe Central Hospital in Henan Province. Throat swab specimens were obtained from these cases. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to screen for RV-positive specimens. Subsequently, the positive samples were subjected to nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) to amplify the full-length VP1 region. Using the MEGA software, along with 169 RV reference strains recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine RV types.Results:Among the 2 270 cases of ARIs, there were 1 283 male cases (56.52%). The median age ( Q 1, Q 3) was 3 (1, 6) years, with the population under 5 years old accounting for 68.59% (1 557/2 270). RV was detected in 137 cases (6.04%), of which 68 cases (49.64%) showed co-detection with other viruses, with the most common being co-detection with enterovirus, accounting for 14.60% (20/137). The RV detection rates in the age groups of 0-4 years, 5-14 years, 15-59 years, and≥60 years were 6.42% (100/1 557), 4.69% (21/448), 3.80% (6/158), and 9.35% (10/107), respectively, with no statistically significant differences ( χ2=5.310, P=0.150). The overall detection rates of RV before (2017-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic showed no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.823, P=0.177). A total of 109 VP1 sequences were obtained, including 62 types. Among them, RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C had 42, 3, and 17 types respectively. Conclusion:RV is one of the predominant pathogens in ARIs cases in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022. Multiple types of RV co-circulate without any apparent dominant type.

Objective:To investigate abnormal urination and penile appearance satisfaction of preschool children (3-6 years old) after hypospadias repair.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2020, children with primary hypospadias, who had no postoperative complications for more than 1 year and were at pre-school age at the time of investigation (January 2022), were selected. The abnormal urination manifestations and satisfaction with penile appearance of the children after operation were investigated by questionnaires to their parents.The questionnaire was designed based on the reported abnormal urination after hypospadias surgery, including 4 items (urination spraying, urination dripping, deflection of urine line, small urine line). Another questionnaire was used to evaluate the penis appearance satisfaction according to the existing pediatric penile perception score (including 4 items: the position and shape of the external urethral orifice, the shape of glans, the appearance of the prepuce, and the overall appearance; items were scored according to the subjective satisfaction of the subjects: very satisfied 3 points, satisfied 2 points, dissatisfied 1 point, very dissatisfied 0 point). The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the penile curvature after degloving was more than 30°. In group Ⅰ (penile curvature≤30°), 28 patients without severe penile curvature underwent tubularized incised plate (TIP) surgery, with a median age of 3.2 years (ranged 1.1-5.4 years). In group Ⅱ (penile curvature>30°), there were 27 patients with severe penile curvature and they underwent staged flap operation. Their median age was 2.8 years (ranged 1.5-4.7 years). There was no significant difference in age at operation between the two groups ( P=0.82). The questionnaire content was analyzed and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results:Among the 55 children, 21(38%, 21/55) had abnormal urination, and there was a significant difference between group Ⅰ (25%, 7/28) and group Ⅱ (52%, 14/27)( P=0.04). All the items of penis appearance satisfaction were satisfactory (scores ≥2), and the total scores of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were respectively 10.3±2.2 and 9.0±2.9, with no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.63). Conclusions:In the postoperative follow-up of preschool children with hypospadias, parents were satisfied with the appearance of the penis.The abnormal urination was common. Compared with children without severe penile curvature treated by TIP surgery, abnormal urination was more common in children with severe penile curvature treated by staged flap operation.

As a serine hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is principally responsible for the metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the formation of arachidonic acid (AA). Dysfunction of MAGL has been associated with multiple CNS disorders and symptoms, including neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, epileptogenesis, nociception and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of MAGL provides a promising therapeutic direction for the treatment of these conditions, and a MAGL positron emission tomography (PET) probe would greatly facilitate preclinical and clinical development of MAGL inhibitors. Herein, we design and synthesize a small library of fluoropyridyl-containing MAGL inhibitor candidates. Pharmacological evaluation of these candidates by activity-based protein profiling identified

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of dorsal skin-tightening technique on the correction of mild penile curvature in children with hypospadias.Methods:The clinical characteristics of hypospadias patients (95 cases) with mild penile curvature (<30°) after degloving penis during operation in our hospital from Jan 2017 to Sep 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Group A: A new technique, reconstructing penile pubic angle at 12 o'clock position of penile dorsal side after degloving and suturing forskin outer and inner plate with tension at 12 o'clock position, was performed in dorsal skin-tightening group (43 cases). Gtoup B: while in dorsal midline tunica albuginea plication group (52 cases), Buck fascia was incised on dorsal midline area, following by tunica albuginea plication with one or two stitches. The patients in Group A were 0.4 to 1.5 years old, and the median age was 1.1 years, urethral orifice were located on distal shaft in 36 cases, proximal in 7 cases.The patients in Group B were 0.5 to 2.6 years old, and the median age was 1.5 years, urethral orifice were located on distal shaft in 41 cases, proximal in 11 cases. The penile ventral curvature degree was recorded during regular follow-up (postoperative 6 and 12 months), as well as postoperative complications.Results:Artificial erection test showed penile curvature was corrected during surgery by measuring with protractor. There was no chordee by measuring with the side photos in all patients during an average of 1.6 years follow-ups. There were 4 case of urethral fistula in Group B and 3 cases in Group A. No cases of urethrostenosis, diverticulum or concealed penis was recorded. The difference of postoperative complications had no statistical significance.Conclusion:Hypospadias with mild penile curvature could be effectively corrected by dorsal skin-tightening technique, which showed a good result of early follow-up.

Objective To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with Cockett syndrome complicating acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) either by direct stenting after taking angioplasty followed by catheter-directed thrombolysis or staged stenting after taking angioplasty and catheterdirected thrombolysis with urokinase.Methods From Jun 2015 to Jun 2017,35 Cockett syndrome patients with DVT were divided into group A (direct stenting after taking angioplasty followed by catheterdirected thrombolysis,n =15) and group B (staged stenting after taking angioplasty and catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase,n =20).The total urokinase dosage,the time of thrombolysis,and the score of thrombolysis rate were evaluated.After six months of follow-up,the difference between two groups of limb circumference,patency rate and PTS rate were compared.Results The technical success rate in both group was 100％.There was no fatal pulmonary embolism and massive bleeding during the perioperative period.During treatment,both groups showed significant improvement in limb swelling compared with that before operation.The differences in the total used dosages of urokinase and thrombolysis time were not statistically significant (P =0.47,P =0.51 respectively).Thrombolysis rates above grade Ⅱ in group A and group B were 93.33％ and 90％ (P =0.64),but stent placement was not satisfactory in 2 cases in group A.After six months of follow-up,there was no significant difference between two groups of limb circumference and PTS rate,but patency rate of the two groups was 85.2％ ± 2.4％ and 87.6％ ± 1.8％ respectively (P =0.02).Conclusions For the treatment of Cockett syndrome with DVT,the timing of stent implantation does not affect thrombolytic treatment process.However,the complete removal of the iliac vein thrombosis is beneficial to precise release of the stent and the stent implantation can better maintain iliac vein lumen patency.

The present study was designed to determine the intestinal bacterial metabolites of trollioside and isoquercetin and their antibacterial activities. A systematic in vitro biotransformation investigation on trollioside and isoquercetin, including metabolite identification, metabolic pathway deduction, and time course, was accomplished using a human intestinal bacterial model. The metabolites were analyzed and identified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. The antibacterial activities of trollioside, isoquercetin, and their metabolites were evaluated using the broth microdilution method with berberine as a positive control, and their potency was measured as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our results indicated that trollioside and isoquercetin were metabolized by human intestinal flora through O-deglycosylation, yielding aglycones proglobeflowery acid and quercetin, respectively The antibacterial activities of both metabolites were more potent than that of their parent compounds. In conclusion, trollioside and isoquercetin are totally and rapidly transformed by human intestinal bacteria in vitro and the transformation favors the improvement of the antibacterial activities of the parent compounds.
Activation, Metabolic ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Benzoates ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Models, Biological ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism

This paper introduces several test methods of characteristics of alarm indicator lights which can be used in the medical alarm system to verify the compliance of YY 0709-2009. These methods include the direct measurement of the pulse current supply of the alarm signals, image analysing of a video and reception by photoelectric sensor. After the comparation of the advantages and disadvantages among these methods, this paper proposes a new method of signal reception. This method which used a silicon photocell as the sensor with light filter in its front, and amplified circuit in the output end then used an oscillograph as the reviewer, has resolved the testing difficulties of the flashing signal simulating by LCD, and can be applied to test the alarm indicator lights in any medical electrical equipment.
Clinical Alarms ; Equipment Design ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

This paper introduces several test methods of characteristics of alarm indicator lights which can be used in the medical alarm system to verify the compliance of YY 0709-2009. These methods include the direct measurement of the pulse current supply of the alarm signals, image analysing of a video and reception by photoelectric sensor. After the comparation of the advantages and disadvantages among these methods, this paper proposes a new method of signal reception. This method which used a silicon photocellas the sensor with light filter in its front, and amplified circuit in the output end then used an oscil ograph as the reviewer, has resolved the testing difficulties of the flashing signal simulating by LCD, and can be applied to test the alarm indicator lights in any medical electrical equipment.