Rabies is a zoonotic disease that poses a global public health threat.Rabies virus(RABV)is neurotropic and can cause severe neurological disorders and behavioral abnormalities in host,with a fatality rate nearly 100％.In order to identify the key genes for RABV affecting neuronal cell function,we established and analyzed the mRNA expression profile of Neuro-2a(N2a)cell in-fected with challenge virus standard(CVS)-11 by RNA sequencing(RNA-seq).Biological func-tions of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were determined by GO and KEGG enrichment a-nalysis.The results showed that there were 415 differentially expressed genes in N2a infected with CVS-11 strain,of which 89 were up-regulated and 326 were down-regulated.These genes were re-lated to a variety of biological processes,such as axon guidance pathway,cholesterol metabolism pathway,nitrogen metabolism pathway,and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway,many of them have been shown to be closely associated with RABV infection.A total of 12 DEGs related to axon conduction,antigen processing and presentation pathways were selected and detected by real-time PCR,and their expression trends were consistent with the RNA-seq results.The genomic tran-scriptomic data on N2a cell under RABV infection will provide new clues for probing the mecha-nisms of RABV infection and transmission in the nervous system in the future.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and immunotherapy responsiveness of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) with epilepsy, and display the risk factors of epilepsy in MOGAD.Methods:Eighty-nine patients with MOGAD diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between October 2019 and May 2023 were enrolled and classified into 2 groups upon MOGAD with ( n=29) or without epilepsy ( n=60). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) were used for evaluation of severity, and EDSS or CASE scores on the 30th day after first-line immunotherapy initiation lower than that on admission were defined as well treatment responsiveness. The differences of general data, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood biochemical examination results, and immunotherapy reactivity between the 2 groups were thoroughly explicated. In addition, the risk factors of epilepsy in MOGAD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results:Compared with patients with MOGAD without epilepsy, patients with MOGAD with epilepsy were characterized by lower age of onset [24.5(10.3, 34.0) years vs 11.0(6.5, 20.0) years, Z=-2.348, P=0.019], higher percentage of male patients [43.3%(26/60) vs 75.9%(22/29), χ 2=8.326, P=0.004], higher virus infection rate [28.3%(17/60) vs 51.7%(15/29), χ 2=4.645, P=0.031], higher incidence of prodromal symptoms [11.7%(7/60) vs 34.5%(10/29), χ 2=6.586, P=0.010], higher blood-brain barrier breakdown rate [35.0%(21/60) vs 58.6%(17/29), χ 2=4.458, P=0.035], higher percentage of CSF albumin level>450 mg/L [48.3%(29/60) vs 75.9%(22/29), χ 2=6.056, P=0.014] and higher creatine kinase level [45.50(28.50, 69.75) U/L vs 57.50(41.75, 97.25) U/L, Z=-2.349, P=0.019]; more epilepsy [0(0) vs 29/29 (100.0%), χ 2=89.000, P<0.001] and disturbance of consciousness [0(0) vs 6/29(20.7%), χ 2=10.224, P=0.001] as clinical manifestations, and more cerebral cortex lesions [30/60(50.0%) vs 25/29(86.2%), χ 2=10.856, P=0.001] on magnetic resonance imaging. Nevertheless, the patients with MOGAD without epilepsy were featured with more visual impairment [23/60(38.3%) vs 3/29(10.3%), χ 2=7.406, P=0.007], limb weakness [18/60(30.0%) vs 1/29(3.4%), χ 2=8.209, P=0.004], sensory disturbance [15/60(25.0%) vs 0(0), Fisher exact probability test, P=0.002] and more cervical cord lesions [22/60(36.7%) vs 4/29(13.8%), χ 2=4.946, P=0.026] on magnetic resonance imaging. Immunotherapy responsiveness was relatively poor in the MOGAD with epilepsy group [EDSS score lower than that on admission: 15/29(51.7%) vs 46/60(76.7%), χ 2=5.641, P=0.018; CASE score lower than that on admission: 16/29(55.2%) vs 47/60(78.3%), χ 2=5.072, P=0.024] compared with the MOGAD without epilepsy group. Male was the independent risk factor of epilepsy in MOGAD ( OR=7.078, 95% CI 1.709-29.326, P=0.007). Conclusions:Compared with patients with MOGAD without epilepsy, patients with MOGAD with epilepsy reported more male patients, lower age of onset and higher incidence of prodromal symptoms, blood-brain barrier dysfunction rate, virus infection rate, CSF albumin level and creatine kinase level; clinical phenotypes were mainly meningoencephalitis and more cerebral cortex lesions were shown on magnetic resonance imaging. MOGAD with epilepsy was closely related to poor immunotherapy responsiveness, and gender was found to be the independent risk factor for epilepsy in MOGAD.

The automatic detection of tuberculosis lesions based on medical imaging has become a research hotspot in medical image processing.A comprehensive review of relevant researches and applications pertaining to deep learning in tuberculosis lesion detection is provided,which elucidates the experimental benchmarks in tuberculosis analysis,covering public datasets of pulmonary medical images and recent research advancements in tuberculosis detection and classification competitions,introduces emerging trends in deep learning methods and applications in tuberculosis detection,and analyzes the challenges existing in tuberculosis diagnosis using deep learning.The review summarizes and provides insights into the research advances and challenges of these technologies from the aspects of technical characteristics,performance advantages,and application prospects.

Objective: To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies. Methods: In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared. Results: Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in children in Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital before and after the COVID-19 outbreak,and provide an experi-mental basis for the prevention and treatment of MP infection.Methods The clinical data of 17 976 children visited Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2019 to November 2023 due to respiratory tract infections were retro-spectively analyzed.The levels of serum specific MP-IgM in the children were detected by the direct luminescence immunoassay,and the detection rates of MP-IgM in different genders,seasons,and ages before and after the COVID-19 epidemic were analyzed using the chi square test to explore the epidemiological characteristics of MP infection.Results The total detection rate of serum MP-IgM in 17 976 children with respiratory tract infections was 28.45%(5 114/17 976).Among them,the total detection rate of serum MP-IgM in female children(31.69%,2 672/8 432)was significantly higher than that in male children(25.59%,2 442/9 544,χ2=81.89,P＜0.001).The detection rate of serum MP-IgM was highest in 2019(34.35%,1 415/4 119),followed by in 2023(30.11%,2 409/8 001)and in 2020-2022(22.03%,1 290/5 856),with statistically significant difference(χ2=19.95,P＜0.001).The detection rate of serum MP-IgM was highest in autumn(33.16%,1 683/5 075),followed by in summer(28.61%,1 053/3 681),winter(27.65%,1 826/6 604),and spring(21.10%,552/2 616),with statistically significant difference(χ2=126.90,P＜0.001).Among different age groups,the detection rate of serum MP-IgM was highest in the age group of 7-9 years old(35.83%,1 190/3 321),fol-lowed by 4-6 years old(28.06%,1 882/6 707),1-3 years old(26.55%,1 493/5 623),10-18 years old(23.64%,486/2 056),and＜1 year old(23.42%,63/269),with statistically significant difference(χ2=126.11,P＜0.001).Conclusion MP is a common pathogen of respiratory tract infections in children,especially in the age range of 7-9 years old,with female children having a higher in-cidence than male children,and the peak incidence in autumn.The effective prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 ep-idemic have reduced the detection rate of MP-IgM,which may provide certain experimental basis for the control and prevention of MP infection transmission and other respiratory diseases.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and safety of exercise intervention on fatigue for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCT) about effect of exercise intervention on MS fatigue were retrieved from the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data from establishment to June, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the quality of eligible studies. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata 16.0. ResultsA total of 41 RCT with 2 155 patients were included. Compared with control group, exercise intervention might improve the MS fatigue at the end of intervention in exercise group (SMD = -0.59, 95%CI -0.73 to -0.44, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the exercise group and the control group in follow-up period (SMD = -0.07, 95%CI -0.26 to 0.12, P = 0.47). Exercise intervention did not increase the recurrence of MS (RR = 0.67, 95%CI 0.45 to 1.00, P = 0.06). ConclusionExercise intervention can effectively relieve the fatigue of MS without increasing the recurrence of MS.

In order to meet the needs of contemporary society for medicine and cultivate high-quality compound medical talents, Chongqing Medical University has carried out the "organ system-centered" urogenital system integration curriculum reform. In the practice of integrated curriculum teaching, students have deepened their systematic understanding of medical knowledge, enhanced their enthusiasm and initiative in classroom learning, cultivated students' logical thinking ability, and improved students' innovative scientific research ability, by reorganizing the curriculum system, rewriting textbooks, improving the teaching environment, forming a teaching team, and reforming teaching methods, which laids the foundation for the further improvement of the medical curriculum.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for locally advanced esophagogastric junction carcinoma and its effect on patient's immune function and levels of tumor markers.Methods:A total of 106 patients who underwent total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (total endoscopic group) in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2016 to April 2020 were collected, and 98 patients who underwent open radical gastrectomy (open group) in the same period were selected. The short-term efficacy, preoperative and postoperative immune function and tumor markers were compared between the two groups.Results:The operative time of the total endoscopic group was longer than that of the open group [(214±49) min vs. (165±32) min, t = 8.87, P < 0.01], the intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the open group [(86±50) ml vs. (113±53) ml, t = 3.59, P < 0.01], the postoperative first exhaust time was shorter than that of the open group [3.0 d (3.0 d, 4.0 d) vs. 3.5 d (3.0 d, 4.5 d), Z = 2.89, P < 0.01], and the incision length was shorter than that of the open group [(4.6±0.6) cm vs. (17.6±2.0) cm, t = 68.63, P < 0.01]. The postoperative proportion of CD4 + T cells, CD4 +/CD8 + and proportion of NK cells in the total endoscopic group were higher than those in the open group [(41±8)% vs.(36±8)%, t = 4.710, P < 0.01; 1.63 (1.19, 2.30) vs. 1.15 (0.87, 1.63), Z = 4.165, P < 0.01; 24.60 % (17.77 %, 32.50 %) vs. 19.25 % (13.35 %, 25.80 %), Z = 3.440, P < 0.01], while the postoperative proportions of CD8 + T cells and regulatory T cells in the total endoscopic group were lower than those in the open group [(26±11)% vs. (30±10)%, t = 2.375, P = 0.018; 3.37% (5.00%, 6.70%) vs. 4.48% (5.70%, 7.20%), Z = 3.057, P = 0.002]. Postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) in the total endoscopy were lower than those in the open group group [0.96 μg/L (0.54 μg/L, 1.50 μg/L) vs. 1.27 μg/L (0.70 μg/L, 2.98 μg/L), Z = 2.745, P = 0.036; 8.07 U/ml (5.48 U/ml, 13.07 U/ml) vs. 10.80 U/ml (6.54 U/ml, 19.93 U/ml), Z = 2.690, P = 0.043]. Conclusion:Compared with open surgery, total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has less trauma and stress response, and has less impact on the gastrointestinal and immune function of patients, and the levels of tumor markers CEA and CA199 are low.

BACKGROUND: Improving and maintaining the health of mothers and newborns is indisputably a global priority, especially during a pandemic. This study intends to examine the factors associated with cesarean section (CS) during lockdown time. METHODS: A total of 678 women who just gave birth within 7 days were enrolled from maternal and children hospitals in nine cities of China from April to May 2020. The delivery modes and potential influencing factors were investigated. The subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to examine the association of CS and risk factors among populations with different characteristics and to control for possible confounding, respectively. RESULTS: The overall rate of cesarean delivery was 37.3%. In multi-variant model, maternal age > 30 years (OR, 95% CI = 1.71, 1.21-2.41), higher pre-gestational BMI (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.10-1.23), living in regions with confirmed COVID-19 cases > 500 (OR, 95% CI = 2.45, 1.74-3.45), and excess gestational weight gain (OR, 95% CI = 1.73, 1.17-2.55) were associated with cesarean delivery. These trends of associations were not changes in sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Cesarean delivery occurred more in women who got more nutrition instruction during the pandemic period in the univariant model; however, this association showed insignificance in the multiple-variant analysis. CONCLUSION A high cesarean delivery rate was found in uninfected women who experienced lockdown in their third trimester. During the COVID-19 pandemic, more medical support should be provided in severely affected regions to ensure and promote health in pregnancy.

Graphene derivatives are the new bioactive material with good physical and chemical properties and excellent biocompatibility. It has been found that graphene derivatives can improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials and promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-related cells, so as to promote implant-bone bonding and repair of bone defects. This makes it a research hotpot in the field of bone tissue regeneration. In this paper, the mechanism of graphene derivatives promoting bone regeneration and their application in the oral field were reviewed, so as to provide theoretical basis for their application in basic and clinical research.