Objective: To investigate the status of heat illness, knowledge awareness and adaptive behaviors of heat wave knowledge among food delivery riders, so as to provide a basis for optimizing heat wave response measures for food delivery riders. Methods: In November 2022, food delivery riders from a large food delivery platform in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were selected as survey subjects using a cluster sampling method. A self-designed electronic questionnaire was used to select demographic information, work status, lifestyle behaviors and disease history, heat illness status, knowledge awareness and adaptive behaviors of heatwave. Results: A total of 911 questionnaires were distributed, and 830 valid questionnaires were recovered, resulting in a valid response rate of 91.11%. Among the respondents, 796 (95.90%) were male, and 818 (98.55%) worked full-time. The mean age was (27.75±8.00) years. A total of 470 respondents (56.63%) had a work tenure of less than 1 year. The primary working hours were 8-<12 hours, with 504 people accounting for 60.72%. There were 108 cases of heatstroke, with an occurrence rate of 13.01%. And 286 people reported heat-related symptoms, with an occurrence rate of 34.46%. The overall awareness rate of heat wave knowledge was 73.22%, while the awareness rate of heat warning signal classification was relatively low at 9.04%. The heat wave cognition score was (5.86±1.31) points. There were statistically significant differences in heat wave cognition scores among food delivery riders of different ages, educational levels, family annual income, work tenures, and work durations (all P<0.05). Regarding positive adaptive behaviors, the number of riders paying attention to weather forecasts and actively learning about preventive measures was higher (734 people each, accounting for 88.43%). Regarding negative adaptive behaviors, the number of riders who often drank ice-cold beverages was higher (509 people, accounting for 61.33%). The heat wave adaptive behavior score was (6.88±1.77) points. There were statistically significant differences in adaptive behavior scores among riders with different educational levels, family annual income, work tenures, and smoking frequency (all P<0.05). Conclusions The occurrence rates of heatstroke and heat-related symptoms among food delivery riders are relatively high. The knowledge awareness and adaptive behaviors regarding heat wave are at a moderate level. It is suggested to strengthen health education, reinforce risk cognition of heat wave, and promote positive adaptive behaviors among food delivery riders.

Geniposide， the primary active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Gardeniae Fructus， is a water-soluble iridoid glycoside. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that geniposide exhibits various biological activities， including hepatoprotective， anti-inflammatory， analgesic， neuroprotective， antidepressant effects， and inhibitory activity against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent research has revealed its promising potential in preventing and treating diseases such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis， indicating broad application prospects. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of geniposide are primarily associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress， improvement of lipid metabolism， and regulation of apoptosis. However， due to its high water solubility and rapid metabolism in vivo， geniposide suffers from low oral bioavailability， which limits its therapeutic efficacy and clinical application. In recent years， various formulations， such as creams， cubic liquid crystals， hydrogels， and liposomes， have been developed to address its bioavailability issues. This article reviewed the latest research progress on the pharmacological activities and formulation development of geniposide by analyzing domestic and international literature from the past decade， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research， development， and utilization of geniposide and its formulations.

Objective: Blood safety surveillance is a critical measure for the objective assessment of blood quality and enhancing transfusion safety. This study aims to comprehensively understand the current status of blood safety surveillance and management in blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province, systematically analyze existing problems and vulnerabilities, and provide a basis for optimizing management strategies and improving capabilities to ensure blood safety. Methods: The Blood Safety Surveillance questionnaire was designed, covering adverse donor reaction reporting, management of adverse events, and transfusion adverse reaction feedback. An online survey was conducted via Questionnaire Star platform among 21 blood collection and supply institutions in the province, gathering information on management systems, process implementation, and utilization of monitoring data. The collected data were organized and statistically analyzed using Excel. Results: The questionnaire response rate and validity rate were both 100%. Blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province have generally established a blood safety surveillance system and achieved positive outcomes. Regarding adverse events in blood collection and supply, 95.24% (20 institutions) have established reporting procedures, and 66.67% (14) collect information through multiple channels such as internal reports, external reports, and statistical trend feedback. A total of 90.48% (19) institutions regularly summarize and analyze adverse event data, and 85.71% (18) produce reports with improvement recommendations based on this analysis.71.43% (15) institutions implement reward and penalty measures, and 71.43% (15) report underreporting or omission due to accountability or performance concerns. In terms of monitoring adverse blood donation reactions, all blood collection and supply institutions have established full-process management systems.76.19% (16) collect data through multiple approaches, including on-site donation records, voluntary donor reports, and donor follow-ups. Adverse reactions were followed up in 95.24% (20) of institutions with 65% (13) completing follow-ups within 24 hours.80.95% (17) have established investigation procedures, while 66.67% (14) believe underreporting or omission still occurs. All blood collection and supply institutions regularly compile statistics on adverse donation reactions. Of these, 85.71% (18) institutions providing feedback to management departments and 90.48% (19) analyzing the data and making recommendations.76.19% (16) institutions use monitoring data for return donor management and targeted care, and 71.43% (15 stations) incorporate it into management reviews. Regarding adverse transfusion reactions, 95.24% (20) institutions have established and implemented procedures for isolating, recalling, and tracing of problematic blood units. However, only 42.86% (9) have established feedback mechanisms of adverse transfusion reaction with hospitals, and only 19.05% (4) support direct reporting via information systems.47.62% (10) institutions regularly analyze adverse transfusion reaction data, and 19.05% (4) provide feedback and recommendations to relevant hospitals. All blood collection and supply institutions reported challenges in collecting hospital feedback, citing complexities in data collection and reporting processes. Conclusion: Blood safety surveillance systems have been preliminarily established in Sichuan Province. However, further strengthening is still required, including conducting in-depth data analysis and utilization, standardizing the configuration of emergency medications and equipment, and improving feedback mechanisms for adverse transfusion reactions. To improve the overall level of blood safety management, it is recommended to strengthen closed-loop data management, improve feedback mechanisms between blood collection and supply institutions and hospitals, foster a non-punitive reporting culture, and systematically advance the regionalization and standardization of the monitoring system. These efforts will contribute to sustainably improving the overall effectiveness and sustainability of blood safety management.

The structural characteristics and clinical application of embolic microspheres were summarized in this paper. According to evaluation experience and current regulatory registration evaluation requirements, registration evaluation concerns on embolic microsphere as medical device were analyzed from four aspects: administration attributes, product description, non-clinical studies and clinical evaluation, in order to provide references for the development and registration application of such products and improve the efficiency of registration application.
Microspheres ; Device Approval ; Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation*

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that nucleic acid-based therapies are promising for atherosclerosis. However, nearly all nucleic acid delivery systems developed for atherosclerosis necessitate injection, which results in rapid elimination and poor patient compliance. Consequently, oral delivery strategies capable of targeting atherosclerotic plaques are imperative for nucleic acid therapeutics. Herein we report the development of yeast-derived capsules (YCs) packaging an antisense oligonucleotide (AM33) targeting microRNA-33 (miR-33) for the oral treatment of atherosclerosis. YCs provide stability for AM33, preventing its premature release in the gastrointestinal tract. AM33-containing YCs, defined as YAM33, showed high transfection in macrophages, thus promoting cholesterol efflux and inhibiting foam cell formation by regulating the target genes/proteins of miR-33. Orally delivered YAM33 effectively accumulated within atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE ^-/- mice, primarily by transepithelial absorption via M cells in Peyer's patches and subsequent translocation via macrophages through the lymphatic system. Inhibition of miR-33 by oral YAM33 significantly delayed the progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, oral treatment with YCs co-delivering AM33 and atorvastatin afforded significantly enhanced anti-atherosclerotic effects. Our findings suggest that yeast-based microcapsules represent an effective carrier for oral delivery of nucleic acids, either alone or in combination with existing drugs, offering a promising approach for precision therapy of atherosclerotic diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of Aconite decoction （AD） on the viability and polarization of murine RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） or interleukin-4 （IL-4）. Methods Cytotoxicity of AD was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. RAW264.7 cells were polarized toward M1 phenotype by LPS or M2 phenotype by IL-4, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of AD. Macrophage polarization was analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantitative PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression of polarization-associated markers （IL-6, iNOS, Arg1, and Ym1）. ELISA was used to quantify secreted cytokines （TNF-α and IL-10）in the supernatant. Results At non-toxic concentrations, IL-6 and iNOS mRNA levels in LPS-stimulated cells were significantly upregulated while Arg1 and Ym1 expression in IL-4-treated groups were downregulated by AD. Concurrently, TNF-α secretion in LPS-induced M1 polarization was enhanced but IL-10 production in IL-4-induced M2 polarization was suppressed by AD. Conclusion AD could promote macrophage proliferation and viability, augments LPS-driven M1 polarization, and inhibit IL-4-mediated M2 polarization, which provided experimental evidence for the potential application of AD in tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the detection rate and related influencing factors of gastrointestinal diseases in grass-roots personnel.Methods A total of 481 grass-roots personnel were enrolled and examined by magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy(MCCE).Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of gastrointestinal diseases detected by MCCE.Results All personnel completed MCCE,and gastrointestinal diseases were detected in 154(32.0%)cases,including 106 cases of erosive gastritis,25 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis,17 cases of digestive tract polyp,16 cases of gastric ulcer,5 cases of reflux esophagitis,4 cases of cardia,1 case of duodenitis,and 1 case of enteritis.Gastrointestinal diseases was correlated with special operation posts,long-term tasks within recent 6 months,abdominal distension,belching,nausea and vomiting,diarrhea and other symptoms(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of gastrointestinal diseases were working in special operation posts,performing long tasks within 6 months,belching,nausea and vomiting symptoms(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall detection rate of gastrointestinal diseases(mainly acid related diseases)is relatively high,and its incidence is closely related to working in special operation posts and performing long-term tasks within recent 6 months.Personnel working in special operation posts should be more alert to gastrointestinal diseases.Gastrointestinal symptoms have reference value for the prediction of lesions,but more attention should be paid to the identification of functional gastrointestinal diseases with endoscopy.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum high-mobility group box protein B1(HMGB1)and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products(sRAGE)in the occurrence and short-term prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods Clinical data of 228 patients with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed.According to the presence of SAE,patients were divided into the SAE group(96 cases)and the non-SAE group(132 cases).General clinical data,laboratory test results,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)scores,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores and serum HMGB1 and sRAGE levels were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing SAE occurrence.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive ability of HMGB1,sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio to predict the occurrence and short-term prognosis of SAE.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the 28-day mortality rates of SAE patients with different HMGB1 and sRAGE expression levels.Results Compared to the non-SAE group,patients in the SAE group exhibited elevated serum HMGB1 levels,decreased sRAGE levels and an increased HMGB1/sRAGE ratio(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)for predicting SAE using HMGB1,sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio were 0.826(95%CI:0.770-0.872),0.682(95%CI:0.617-0.742)and 0.895(95%CI:0.848-0.932),respectively,indicating predictive value.Among the 96 SAE patients,52(54.2%)died within 28 days.There were no statistically significant differences in HMGB1,sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio between surviving and deceased patients(P＞0.05).Similarly,there were no significant differences in 28-day mortality rates between SAE patients with different HMGB1 or sRAGE expression levels.Conclusion Elevated serum HMGB1 and reduced sRAGE are of significant value in the auxiliary diagnosis of SAE,but have limited clinical predictive value for short-term prognosis.

Objective:To explore drug detoxification motivation in methamphetamine-dependent female youth and its relationship with time perspective,perceived social support and emotion regulation strategies.Methods:To-tally 200 methamphetamine-dependent female youths under compulsory isolation were assessed with the Drug De-toxification Motivation Scale,Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-Chinese(ZTPI-C),Emotion Regulation Scale(ERS),and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Results:Multiple linear regression analysis showed that drug detoxification motivation scores were positively correlated with the scores of ERS reevaluation and expression inhi-bition,PSSS family support scores and level of education(β=0.24,0.16,0.20,0.16).Conclusion:Time perspec-tive,perceived social support and emotion regulation strategies are closely related to drug detoxification motivation in methamphetamine-dependent female youth.

Objective:The actor-partner interdependence model was used to explore the subject-object effect of family care on disease acceptance in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and their primary caregivers, and to provide empirical research support for formulating intervention strategies to improve the quality of life of MHD patients and their primary caregivers at the dyadic coping perspective.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling method was used to select 223 pairs of MHD patients and their primary caregivers who received treatment at three hospitals from December 2023 to May 2024, namely the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Qiandongnan People′s Hospital and Qiandongnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. The General Information Questionnaire, Family APGAR Index (APGAR) and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) were used to conduct the survey. An actor-partner interdependence model of the impact of family care levels on disease acceptance was constructed.Results:There were 223 patients with MHD, 134 males and 89 females, aged (48.41 ± 14.41) years. Among the 223 primary caregivers of MHD patients, 83 were males and 140 were females, aged (49.44 ± 12.40) years. The scores of APGAR and AIS for MHD patients were (7.92 ± 1.94), (20.45 ± 4.66) points, and (8.16 ± 1.67), (21.86 ± 3.54) points for their primary caregivers. There were statistically significant differences in scores ( t = - 2.28, - 7.69, both P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the degree of family care of MHD patients and the disease acceptance of MHD patients, the family care of primary caregivers, and the disease acceptance of primary caregivers ( r = 0.454, 0.625, 0.515, all P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the disease acceptance of MHD patients and the family care of their primary caregivers, the disease acceptance of primary caregivers, and the family care of primary caregivers and the disease acceptance of primary caregivers ( r = 0.442, 0.813, 0.495, all P<0.05). In terms of the actor effect, the level of family care positively influenced the disease acceptance for both MHD patients and their primary caregivers ( β = 0.715, 0.603, both P<0.001), the actor effect was significant. In terms of partner effect, there was a positive correlation between the family care levels of MHD patients and their primary caregivers and the disease acceptance of the other party ( β = 0.628, 0.725, both P<0.001), the partner effect was significant. Conclusions:There is an interactive effect between the disease acceptance of maintenance hemodialysis patients and their primary caregivers and their levels of family care.