OBJECTIVE To optimize the honey processing technology of Phellinus igniarius. METHODS The key factors of honey processing technology of P. igniarius （honey-water ratio， the mass ratio of honey-water to P. igniarius， the frying temperature and the frying time） were investigated by orthogonal test combined with analytic hierarchy process to determine the optimal technological parameters， using the internal quality （the contents of ergosterol， protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid） and appearance traits as evaluation indexes. RESULTS The optimal process of honey-roasting P. igniarius was to take raw P. igniarius （1 cm3 square block）， add the appropriate amount of auxiliary materials （with 25 kg of refined honey and water for every 100 kg of P. igniarius）， mix well， moisten for 2 h until the auxiliary materials were completely absorbed； put it in a frying container， fry at the frying temperature of 130-140 ℃ for 5 min； take it out， put it in an oven at 50 ℃ for 2 h； take it out， and let it cool. The RSD of the results of three validation experiments was 0.68%. CONCLUSIONS The optimized honey processing technology of P. igniarius is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the honey processing technology of Phellinus igniarius. METHODS The key factors of honey processing technology of P. igniarius （honey-water ratio， the mass ratio of honey-water to P. igniarius， the frying temperature and the frying time） were investigated by orthogonal test combined with analytic hierarchy process to determine the optimal technological parameters， using the internal quality （the contents of ergosterol， protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid） and appearance traits as evaluation indexes. RESULTS The optimal process of honey-roasting P. igniarius was to take raw P. igniarius （1 cm3 square block）， add the appropriate amount of auxiliary materials （with 25 kg of refined honey and water for every 100 kg of P. igniarius）， mix well， moisten for 2 h until the auxiliary materials were completely absorbed； put it in a frying container， fry at the frying temperature of 130-140 ℃ for 5 min； take it out， put it in an oven at 50 ℃ for 2 h； take it out， and let it cool. The RSD of the results of three validation experiments was 0.68%. CONCLUSIONS The optimized honey processing technology of P. igniarius is stable and feasible.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)is a complex pulmonary vascular disease characterized by pro-gressive elevation of mean pulmonary artery pressure resulted from the pathological feature of pulmonary vascular re-modeling.Without medical intervention,PAH can eventually lead to right heart failure and death of patients.Up to the present,there are few treatment options for PAH are still mainly function through pulmonary vasodilation.Although these treatments can alleviate symptoms,the prognosis remains poor.In recent years,breakthroughs have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of PAH,thus support the development of new treatment strategies tar-geting at dysregulation of signaling pathways in PAH.This review focuses on five critical pathways and the relevant drugs those entered phase Ⅱ clinical trials and discusses their therapeutic potential,so to provide a basis for future research on targeting therapies for PAH patients.

Objective:To design a replaceable corneal scaler and explore its effect on improving the positive detection rate of corneal bacteria and the cure rate of patients with infectious keratitis.Methods:Totally 100 patients with infectious keratitis treated in the Eye&Ent Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai from June 2020 to October 2021 were conveniently selected as the application object, 50 patients from June 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the control group, and 50 patients from February 2021 to October 2021 were selected as the experimental group. The control group used the traditional corneal scalpel for corneal scraping, and the experimental group used the replaceable corneal scalpel for corneal scraping. The positive detection rate of bacteria, the cure rate of patients as of the date of data collection, the comfort status of patients and the operation difficulty score of medical staff were compared between the two groups.Results:The 28 cases (56%) were positive in the experimental group, and 30 cases (60%) were cured as of the date of data collection; 16 cases (32%) were positive in the control group and 18 cases (36%) were cured as of the date of data collection. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=-2.47, -2.20, all P<0.05). The score of comfort in the experimental group was (83.92 ± 6.40) and that in the control group was (54.04 ± 10.69). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=17.14, P<0.01). The operation difficulty score of medical staff in the experimental group was (1.46 ± 0.54) and that of medical staff in the control group was (3.24 ± 0.72). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-13.50, P<0.01). Conclusions:The use of replaceable corneal scalpel can not only improve the positive detection rate of patients, improve the treatment effect of patients, improve the comfort and satisfaction of patients, but also improve the work efficiency of medical staff and reduce the operational risk of medical staff, so as to improve the real professional value of medical staff.

ObjectiveTo discuss the characteristics of psychological assistance hotline calls and operators' coping strategies of before and after the COVID-19 outbreak， in order to further improve the assistance ability of the psychological crisis hotline. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on the demographics characteristics， call problems， coping strategies， and call time trends recorded by Changchun psychological assistance hotline information registration platform before the epidemic in Changchun City （January 20， 2019-April 20， 2019） and during the epidemic period （January 20， 2020-April 20， 2020）. ResultsThe differences between gender， age， marital status， location， and occupation type before and during the epidemic were statistically significant （χ²=11.205， 234.240， 152.083， 265.458， 353.385， P<0.01）. The number of different help calls had a statistically significant difference before and during the epidemic （χ²=185.088，P<0.01）. The difference in the number of operators’ different coping strategies before and during the epidemic was statistically significant （χ²=226.810， P<0.01）. Before the epidemic， the main peak of incoming calls was concentrated at 16∶00 to 17∶00， and the secondary peak was concentrated at 22∶00 to 23∶00. During the epidemic， the main peak of incoming calls was also concentrated at 16∶00 to 17∶00， while the secondary peak was concentrated at 10∶00 to 11∶00. ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic， the number of calls to the psychological assistance hotline was higher than that before the outbreak. The main peak time for calls was the same， and the secondary peak was adjusted from 22∶00 to 23∶00 to 10∶00 to 11∶00. During the epidemic， the number of calls from male， 30 to 39 years old， married， local and staff in Changchun was the most， psychological problems counseling and operator referral strategy were the most before and after the epidemic.

Objective To investigate the changes of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function before left ventricular morphologic changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients.Methods A total of 111 OSAS patients were divided into left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) group (n=29) and non-LVH group (n=82).Meanwhile,50 healthy subjects were enrolled as normal control group.Routine echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) were performed.The differences of conventional echocardiography and 2D-STI parameters were compared among the three groups.The correlations between echocardiography and clinical parameters were analyzed.Results Compared with those of the other 2 groups,left ventricular mass index (LVMI),diastolic thickness of interventricular septum (IVST),diastolic ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT),left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd),the ratio between early diastolic peak velocity of mitral valve and early diastolic velocity of mitral annular (E/e') and left atrial volume index (LAVI) increased (all P＜0.05),and mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e') at interventricular septum and lateral wall decreased in LVH group (all P＜0.05).The mitral annular systolic velocity (s') in LVH group was less than that in normal control group (P =0.013).Compared with those of the other 2 groups,left ventricular global longitudinal systolic strain (S) and early diastolic strain rate (SRE) decreased (all P＜0.05),and the ratio of early diastolic peak velocity of mitral valve to SRE (E/SRE) increased in LVH group (both P＜0.05).Compared with normal control group,systolic strain rate (SRS) decreased in LVH group (P=0.001).S,SRS,SRE in non-LVH group were less than those in normal control group (all P＜0.05),and E/SRE was higher than that in normal control group (P＜0.001).S,E/SRE were independently associated with apnea hypopnea index (both P＜0.05).LVMI was independently associated with mean arterial oxygen saturation (β =-0.299,t =-3.273,P =0.001).Conclusion OSAS can affect the structure and functions of left ventricular independently.The systolic and diastolic functions of left ventricular have been impaired before morphology changed.

Objective To compare the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in left heart failure patients with or without pulmonary edema by cardiopulmonary ultrasound.Methods All patients underwent transthoracic lung ultrasonography and echocardiography examination.The following echocardiographic parameters were determined:left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters (LVEDD and LVESD),left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (LVEDV and LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left atrial volume index (LAVindex),systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and the degree of mitral regurgitation,the peak Doppler velocities of early (E) and late (A) diastolic flow,early (e') diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus,and the average E/e'ratio was calculated.The NYHA functional classification and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were also recorded.Results A total of 113 heart failure patients,included 72 patients (63.7％) combined with pulmonary edema revealed by lung ultrasonography.Compared with patients without pulmonary edema,those with pulmonary edema were with higher plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP,NYHA functional class,left ventricular diastolic function classification,SPAP and E/e',larger LVEDD and the diameter of right ventricle,more severe mitral regurgitation,and lower LVEF(all P ＜0.05).By multivariate logistic regression analysis,E/e',SPAP and NT-proBNP were independent echocardiographic predictors of pulmonary edema in patients with heart failure.Conclusions Cardiopulmonary ultrasound can evaluate heart and pulmonary condition in patients with heart failure.Left ventricular diastolic function is an important determinant of pulmonary edema in patients with left heart failure.

Objective To evaluate the right atrial(RA)volume and phasic function using three-dimensional echocardiography(3DE),and to examine the clinical relevance in pulmonary hypertension(PH). Methods Fifty PH patients and 20 control subjects were studied.RA volume,including maximum RA volume(Vmax),minimum RA volume(Vmin)and the volume before active systolic(Vpre-A)were evaluated by 3DE.RA maximum volume index(VmaxI),total emptying volume index(TotEVI),passive emptying volume index(PassEVI)and active ejection fraction(ActEF)were calculated.The correlation between RAVmaxI and the parameters of RV structure,function,pulmonary hemodynamics were analyzed.Results Maximum RA volume index(RAVmaxI)was higher in WHO functional class(WHO-FC)Ⅲ,Ⅳ of PH patients than in controls(all P <0.01).TotEVI was significantly higher in PH patients than in controls (P<0.001),but PassEVI was lower in PH patients than in controls(P =0.01 1).ActEF was similar when comparing PH patients of WHO-FC Ⅱ with controls.ActEF increased in PH patients with WHO-FCⅢ as compared with controls(P =0.008)but reduced in advanced with WHO-FC Ⅳ patients(P <0.001).RAVmaxI correlated with the indices of right ventricular(RV)structure,function and RV cardiac output index(all P <0.05).Conclusions PH is associated with increased RA size,increased TotEVI,and decreased PassEVI.ActEF increases in PH patients with WHO-FC Ⅲ but decreases in patients with WHO-FCⅣ.RA systolic function plays an important role in compensating RV dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the early changes of left atrial structure and function using echocardiography in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome( OSAS) patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) . Methods Echocardiography was performed in 91 OSAS patients (64 without LVH , 27 with LVH) ,and the results were compared with those from age-matched and gender-matched controls ( n=40) . All subjects were examined with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography ( 2D-STE) to obtain the apical four chamber and two chamber left atrium(LA) strain and strain rate curve image .Systolic strain and strain rate( Ss ,SRs) ,early diastolic strain and strain rate( Se ,SRe) ,late diastolic strain and strain rate(Sa ,SRa) were measured . Phasic LA volumes and empty fractions were calculated . The ratio of peak early diastolic mitral inflow and annulus velocity ( E/e′) was used to estimate left ventricular diastolic function . Results Compared with the control group ,LA volume ,LA stiffness index ,SRa and active empyting fraction ( AEF) increased ,Ss ,SRs ,Se ,SRe ,total empyting fraction ( TEF) and passive empyting fraction ( PEF) decreased in none LVH group ( P < 0 .05) . Importantly ,diastolic function was relatively normal in this subgroup without LVH( P > 0 .05) . Diastolic function decreased in LVH group ,and the changes of left atrial structure and function like above mentioned were more significant .The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was found to be negatively correlated with Ss ,SRs ,Se ,SRe ,TEF and PEF . Conclusions OSAS is associated with LA remodeling and dysfunction that occurs before the development of LVH and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction ,and it will be further aggravated along with the development of LVH .