OBJECTIVE:Although wearable electronic devices have demonstrated potential utility as intervention tools to enhance physical activity,comprehensive evaluations of their specific effects on the healthy adolescent population remain scarce.Consequently,this article aims to systematically explore and summarize the impact of interventions based on wearable electronic devices on the physical activity and sedentary behavior of healthy adolescents,thereby providing more precise and reliable evidence-based support for public health practices. METHODS:Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of wearable electronic device-based interventions on the physical activity and sedentary behavior of healthy adolescents were retrieved from databases including Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,The Cochrane Library,and EBSCO.Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 17,evaluating the effects of interventions on physical activity and sedentary behavior through the standardized mean difference.To ensure the robustness of the research findings,a Leave-One-Out sensitivity analysis was conducted,and subgroup analyses were carried out to explore the potential influence of different factors on the results.The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(CRD42023406645). RESULTS:(1)Twelve publications were ultimately included,consisting of three randomized controlled trials and nine cluster-randomized controlled trials,involving a total of 4 933 healthy adolescents.(2)Meta-analysis results revealed that interventions based on wearable electronic devices had a positive effect on moderate to vigorous physical activity[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.10;95%confidence interval(CI):0.04 to 0.17;P<0.05).However,the interventions did not significantly improve low-intensity physical activity(SMD=-0.15;95%CI:-0.32 to 0.02;P>0.05),daily step count(SMD=0.13;95%CI:-0.65 to 0.91;P>0.05),and sedentary behavior(SMD=0.00;95%CI:-0.09 to 0.09;P>0.05).(3)Subgroup analyses indicated that short-term interventions(≤12 weeks)(SMD=0.11;95%CI:0.03 to 0.18;P=0.008),studies using pedometers worn at the waist or hip(SMD=0.10;95%CI:0.04 to 0.17;P=0.002),and experiments registered at clinical trial centers(SMD=0.11;95%CI:0.04 to 0.17;P=0.001)had a more significant effect on enhancing daily moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION:The current evidence suggests that interventions based on wearable electronic devices possess certain advantages in enhancing the daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of healthy adolescents.It is recommended that interventions not exceeding 12 weeks and utilizing pedometers positioned at the waist or hip may yield more favorable results.However,the effects of these interventions on daily step count,low-intensity physical activity,and sedentary behavior exhibit some limitations.Consequently,future investigations necessitate higher-quality,larger-scale randomized controlled trials for further validation.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of carteolol hydrochloride combined with brinzolamide on intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ocular blood flow parameters in patients with glaucoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 glaucoma patients diagnosed and treated in Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2019 to January 2022. The patients were divided into the control group (40 patients, treated with carteolol hydrochloride) and the study group (40 patients, treated with brinzolamide combined with carteolol hydrochloride). The therapeutic effect, intraocular pressure, RNFL thickness, blood flow parameters of ocular blood vessels and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group: 95.00% (38/40) vs. 75.00% (30/40), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Before treatment, the intraocular pressure, RNFL thickness, peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV), end diastolic volume (EDV), resistance index (RI) levels in the two groups were not obviously different ( P>0.05); after treatment, the intraocular pressure: (19.79 ± 3.92) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (25.17 ± 4.43) mmHg, (13.47 ± 2.56) mmHg vs. (25.25 ± 4.51) mmHg, and RI levels of both groups of patients were significantly reduced: 0.39 ± 0.07 vs. 0.47 ± 0.08, 0.34 ± 0.06 vs. 0.46 ± 0.07 ( P<0.05), while PSV and EDV were significantly increased: (13.75 ± 3.08) cm/s vs. (12.41 ± 2.80) cm/s, (15.32 ± 3.33) cm/s vs. (12.35 ± 2.79) cm/s and (7.92 ± 1.67) cm/s vs. (6.67 ± 1.25) cm/s, (8.86 ± 1.81) cm/s vs.(6.72 ± 1.29) cm/s ( P<0.05). The changes in the study group were more significant than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and the RNFL thickness of the study group patients was significantly increased: (73.72 ± 12.57) μm vs. (69.91 ± 10.42) μm ( P<0.05). There was no obvious difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of carteolol hydrochloride and brinzolamide has an obvious therapeutic effect on patients with glaucoma. It can reduce the intraocular pressure of patients, increase the thickness of RNFL, improve the blood flow status of eye vessels, and has good safety. It is worth popularizing in clinic.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the main effector cells for bone formation.With the increase of age,the regenerative ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is weakened and the differentiation function is impaired,leading to poor osteoporosis.Therefore,restoring the regenerative capacity and cellular function of aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is essential for the effective treatment of osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of passage 3 and passage 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes of young rats on the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from elderly rats.METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 6-8-week-old female SD rats were isolated and cultured,and passaged to the passages 3 and 11,respectively.Then,exosomes from passages 3 and 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 18-month-old female SD rats were isolated and cultured,passaged to passage 3,and divided into 3 groups.The control group was routinely cultured,and the other two groups were intervened with exosomes from passages 3 and 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.After 48 hours of exosome intervention,the expression of β-galactosidase in the nucleus was detected by β-galactosidase staining kit.The expression of aging-related genes was detected by qRT-PCR.The expression differences of miRNA in exosomes from passages 3 and 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were compared by Small RNA sequencing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group and passage 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes group,theβ-galactosidase activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of aged rats was significantly lower in the passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes group.(2)Compared with the control group,the expression of aging-related genes p21 and p16 was significantly reduced in the passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome group(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the expression of aging-related genes p21 and p16 in the passage 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome group.(3)Sequencing results showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of miRNAs in the two exosomes,among which the miRNAs with the most significant expression differences were let-7c-5p,let-7b-5p,miR-320-3p,and miR-26a-5p.KEGG analysis results showed that significantly different miRNA enrichment pathways include mTOR,AMPK and other aging-related signaling pathways.The above results indicate that passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have the ability to reverse the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in aged rats.

Objective:To investigate the impacts of carteolol hydrochloride combined with brinzolamide on intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ocular blood flow parameters in patients with glaucoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 glaucoma patients diagnosed and treated in Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2019 to January 2022. The patients were divided into the control group (40 patients, treated with carteolol hydrochloride) and the study group (40 patients, treated with brinzolamide combined with carteolol hydrochloride). The therapeutic effect, intraocular pressure, RNFL thickness, blood flow parameters of ocular blood vessels and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group: 95.00% (38/40) vs. 75.00% (30/40), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Before treatment, the intraocular pressure, RNFL thickness, peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV), end diastolic volume (EDV), resistance index (RI) levels in the two groups were not obviously different ( P>0.05); after treatment, the intraocular pressure: (19.79 ± 3.92) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (25.17 ± 4.43) mmHg, (13.47 ± 2.56) mmHg vs. (25.25 ± 4.51) mmHg, and RI levels of both groups of patients were significantly reduced: 0.39 ± 0.07 vs. 0.47 ± 0.08, 0.34 ± 0.06 vs. 0.46 ± 0.07 ( P<0.05), while PSV and EDV were significantly increased: (13.75 ± 3.08) cm/s vs. (12.41 ± 2.80) cm/s, (15.32 ± 3.33) cm/s vs. (12.35 ± 2.79) cm/s and (7.92 ± 1.67) cm/s vs. (6.67 ± 1.25) cm/s, (8.86 ± 1.81) cm/s vs.(6.72 ± 1.29) cm/s ( P<0.05). The changes in the study group were more significant than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and the RNFL thickness of the study group patients was significantly increased: (73.72 ± 12.57) μm vs. (69.91 ± 10.42) μm ( P<0.05). There was no obvious difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of carteolol hydrochloride and brinzolamide has an obvious therapeutic effect on patients with glaucoma. It can reduce the intraocular pressure of patients, increase the thickness of RNFL, improve the blood flow status of eye vessels, and has good safety. It is worth popularizing in clinic.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the main effector cells for bone formation.With the increase of age,the regenerative ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is weakened and the differentiation function is impaired,leading to poor osteoporosis.Therefore,restoring the regenerative capacity and cellular function of aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is essential for the effective treatment of osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of passage 3 and passage 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes of young rats on the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from elderly rats.METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 6-8-week-old female SD rats were isolated and cultured,and passaged to the passages 3 and 11,respectively.Then,exosomes from passages 3 and 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 18-month-old female SD rats were isolated and cultured,passaged to passage 3,and divided into 3 groups.The control group was routinely cultured,and the other two groups were intervened with exosomes from passages 3 and 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.After 48 hours of exosome intervention,the expression of β-galactosidase in the nucleus was detected by β-galactosidase staining kit.The expression of aging-related genes was detected by qRT-PCR.The expression differences of miRNA in exosomes from passages 3 and 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were compared by Small RNA sequencing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group and passage 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes group,theβ-galactosidase activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of aged rats was significantly lower in the passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes group.(2)Compared with the control group,the expression of aging-related genes p21 and p16 was significantly reduced in the passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome group(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the expression of aging-related genes p21 and p16 in the passage 11 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome group.(3)Sequencing results showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of miRNAs in the two exosomes,among which the miRNAs with the most significant expression differences were let-7c-5p,let-7b-5p,miR-320-3p,and miR-26a-5p.KEGG analysis results showed that significantly different miRNA enrichment pathways include mTOR,AMPK and other aging-related signaling pathways.The above results indicate that passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have the ability to reverse the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in aged rats.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of 0.3%sodium hyaluronate combined with carbomer in the treatment of patients with dry eye.Methods A total of 80 patients with dry eye treated in Zhoushan Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected and divided into study group and control group according to random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.Patients in control group were treated with 0.3%sodium hyaluronate,and patients in study group were treated with carbomer on this basis.Ocular surface disease index(OSDI),visual function score,Schirmer test,inflammatory factors,and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The total effective rate in study group was significantly higher than that in control group(χ2=4.804,P=0.028).After treatment,OSDI,visual function score,interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-1β of the patients in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and volume of tear secretion was significantly higher than before treatment(P<0.05).OSDI,visual function score,IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β of study group were significantly lower than those of control group,and volume of tear secretion was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between two groups(χ2=0.180,P=0.671).Conclusion 0.3%sodium hyaluronate combined with carbomer has good efficacy in the treatment of dry eye disease,can improve the stability of tear film,enhance visual function,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in tear,and has good safety.

Background::Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a high mortality rate and is the most common indication for heart transplantation. Our study sought to develop a multiparametric nomogram to assess individualized all-cause mortality or heart transplantation (ACM/HTx) risk in DCM patients.Methods::The present study is a retrospective cohort study. The demographic, clinical, blood test, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) data of DCM patients in the tertiary center (Fuwai Hospital) were collected. The primary endpoint was ACM/HTx. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was applied for variable selection. Multivariable Cox regression was used to develop a nomogram. The concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.Results::A total of 218 patients were included in the present study. They were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The nomogram was established based on eight variables, including mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, free triiodothyronine, and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide. The AUCs regarding 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year ACM/HTx events were 0.859, 0.831, and 0.840 in the training cohort and 0.770, 0.789, and 0.819 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve and DCA showed good accuracy and clinical utility of the nomogram.Conclusions::We established and validated a circulating biomarker- and CMRI-based nomogram that could provide a personalized prediction of ACM/HTx for DCM patients, which might help risk stratification and decision-making in clinical practice.

Objective:To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:This was a multicenter prospective cohort study, which was based on the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC) project. The hospitalized patients with ACS aged between 18 and 80 years, registered in CCC project from November 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 were included. The included patients were categorized into four groups based on their BMI at the time of admission: underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m 2), normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m 2), overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m 2), and obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m 2). Multivariate logistic regression models was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and the risk of in-hospital MACCE. Results:A total of 71 681 ACS inpatients were included in the study. The age was (63.4±14.7) years, and 26.5% (18 979/71 681) were female. And the incidence of MACCE for the underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups were 14.9% (322/2 154), 9.5% (3 997/41 960), 7.9% (1 908/24 140) and 7.0% (240/3 427), respectively ( P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a higher incidence of MACCE in the underweight group compared to the normal weight group ( OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.13-1.49, P<0.001), while the overweight and obese groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in the incidence of MACCE compared to the normal weight group (both P>0.05). Conclusion:ACS patients with BMI below normal have a higher risk of in-hospital MACCE, suggesting that BMI may be an indicator for evaluating short-term prognosis in ACS patients.

Objective To compare the association of the incidence and mortality of leukemia and the human development index(HDI)in different countries or regions in 2022,and the trend of leukemia incidence and mortality with age in countries with different HDI levels.Methods GLOBOCAN 2022 data related to leukemia incidence and mortality in different countries or regions worldwide and HDI were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test.The incidence and mortality rates of each age and the age change trend were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression model.Results Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and mortality to incidence ratio(M/I)were statistically significantly different among the four groups of HDI countries(P<0.001).HDI was positively correlated with ASIR and ASMR and negatively correlated with M/I.Among all ages,ASIR and ASMR of leukemia of the four groups had similar trends with age,and the risk of leukemia was high at ages less than 15 and more than 40.The incidence of leukemia in all age groups in China differed from those in other countries with high HDI,while the mortality rate was lower than those in other countries with high HDI.Conclusion Countries or regions with higher HDI have higher ASIR and ASMR and lower M/I because of their better medical condition.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the impairment of white matter (WM) tracts. The current study aimed to verify the utility of WM as the neuroimaging marker of AD with multisite diffusion tensor imaging datasets [321 patients with AD, 265 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 279 normal controls (NC)], a unified pipeline, and independent site cross-validation. Automated fiber quantification was used to extract diffusion profiles along tracts. Random-effects meta-analyses showed a reproducible degeneration pattern in which fractional anisotropy significantly decreased in the AD and MCI groups compared with NC. Machine learning models using tract-based features showed good generalizability among independent site cross-validation. The diffusion metrics of the altered regions and the AD probability predicted by the models were highly correlated with cognitive ability in the AD and MCI groups. We highlighted the reproducibility and generalizability of the degeneration pattern of WM tracts in AD.
Humans ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Alzheimer Disease/complications* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications* ; Brain/diagnostic imaging*