Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a functional bowel disorder characterized primarily by abdominal pain and altered defecation habits. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made progress in multiple aspects of IBS research and treatment， including syndrome distribution， development of TCM formulas， clinical efficacy evaluation， external therapies， and psychosocial regulation. However， it still faces challenges such as over-reliance on symptomatic manifestations rather than biomarkers for diagnostic criteria， and the lack of high-quality evidence-based data supporting the efficacy of TCM formulas in treating IBS. This paper proposed that TCM diagnosis and treatment of IBS should adhere to the strategy of integrating the holistic concept with syndrome differentiation and treatment， combining TCM external therapies such as acupuncture， moxibustion and acupoint application）， and emphasizing individualized diagnosis and treatment for psychosomatic abnormalities. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies， artificial intelligence and other methods to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBS and the mechanisms of TCM formulas， so as to promote the standardization and internationalization of TCM in the diagnosis and treatment of IBS.

Parkinson disease is a common neurodegenerative disease.At present,the main therapeutic drugs have problems such as adverse reactions,lack of targeting,and low bioavailability.The development of new drugs is an important direction for research related to Parkinson disease.TCM flavonoids have various pharmacological activities and are widely used in anti-tumor and cardiovascular disease treatment,but there is relatively little research on their intervention in neurological diseases.This article elaborated on the mechanism of intervention of TCM flavonoids in Parkinson disease and summarized treatment strategies from six categories:flavonoids,flavonols,isoflavones,flavonoid glycosides,dihydroflavonols,and others,with the purpose to provide reference for the research and clinical application of TCM flavonoids.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from alveolar lavage fluid in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection from 2016 to 2018.Methods:The alveolar lavage fluid of pediatric patients aged <18 years old with lower respiratory tract infection in ten hospitals from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected, and the pathogenic bacteria were cultured and isolated. The paper diffusion method or minimum inhibitory concentration method was used to conduct drug susceptibility tests for the isolated strains.The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the source department of the strains were analyzed.Chi-sqare test was used for statistical analysis.Results:Of 1 271 isolates, 606 strains (47.7%) were gram-negative bacteria, 628 strains (49.4%) were gram-positive bacteria, and 37 strains (2.9%) were fungi. The common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (36.7%, 466/1 271), Acinetobacter baumannii (16.8%, 214/1 271), Staphylococcus aureus (12.7%, 162/1 271), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%, 105/1 271), Haemophilus influenzae (7.4%, 94/1 271), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.2%, 79/1 271), Burkholderia cepacia (5.3%, 67/1 271) and Escherichia coli (3.7%, 47/1 271). The main pathogens in the intensive care unit (ICU) were gram-negative bacteria (80.1%, 428/534), among which Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common (3.7%, 199/534). The main pathogens in the non-ICU were gram-positive bacteria (70.8%, 522/737). The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 45.1%(23/51) in the ICU and 43.2% (48/111) in the non-ICU, respectively. The detection rates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) were 10.9%(6/55) in the ICU and 18.5% (76/411) in the non-ICU, respectively. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) were 57.3%(43/75) in the ICU and 33.3%(10/30) in the non-ICU, respectively. The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in the ICU was higher than that in the non-ICU (49.1%(27/55) vs 25.0%(6/24)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=3.98, P=0.046). Eight strains (17.0%) of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli were detected, and 164 strains(76.6%) of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were detected. Seventy-eight Haemophilus influenzae isolates were isolated from non-ICU, and the resistance rate to ampicillin was 57.4%(54/94). Burkholderia cepacia isolates were all isolated from ICU, and the resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole were 13.4%(9/67), 3.0%(2/67), 0(0/67) and 9.0%(6/67), respectively. Conclusions:Streptococcus pneumoniae is still the most common pathogen in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection in the ICU. The dection rates of MRSA, PRSP and carbopenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli are high. And the resistance rate of Haemophilus influenzae to ampicillin is also high. The clinical empirical treatment should be determined according to different clinical background.

Objective:To explore whether sleep quality suffers in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and to further investigate the correlation between sleep disorders and cognitive function in these patients.Methods:In this study, 30 mild AD patients, 39 MCI patients and 43 demographically matched healthy controls were enrolled.Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), and cognitive function was assessed by the mini-mental state examination(MMSE), the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)and a set of neuropsychological scales.The correlation of sleep quality with cognitive function was analyzed for the three groups.Results:Differences were significant in sleep time score[0.0(1.0), 1.0(2.0) vs.1.0(1.0), F=8.18, P=0.02]and daytime function score[1.0(1.0), 1.0(1.0) vs.0.0(1.0), F=8.73, P=0.01]between mild AD, MCI and health control groups.Spearman correlation analysis suggested that scores of sleep disorders were negatively correlated with DSB( r=-0.43, P=0.02)and scores of daytime function were positively correlated with ADL( r=0.39, P=0.03)in patients with mild AD.In addition, scores of sleep quality were negatively correlated with the DSB score( r=-0.40, P=0.01), scores of sleep disorders were positively correlated with ADL( r=0.45, P<0.01), scores of daytime function were negatively correlated with DSF( r=-0.42, P=0.01), DSB( r=-0.62, P<0.01)and VFT-S( r=-0.33, P=0.04), and the total PSQI score was negatively correlated with DSF( r=-0.45, P=0.01)and DSB( r=-0.44, P=0.01)in the MCI group. Conclusions:Patients with mild AD and MCI have longer sleep time and impaired daytime function than healthy people, and sleep quality is correlated with memory, attention and daily living ability in patients with mild AD and MCI.

Objective To study the change and relationship among thrombopoietin (TPO), platelet parameter and megakaryocyte in immune vasculitis of weanling rabbits. The role of platelet parameter, megakaryocyte, thrombopoietin (TPO) in kawasaki disease (KD) was accessed. Methods An experimental model of weanling rabbits for KD was reproduced by bovine serum. The blood platelet counts (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet hematocrit (PCT), megakaryocyte and TPO were determined ev-ery four days. Pathological analysis of coronary artery, liver, spleen, kidney, brain was also done. Results PLT, PCT, PDW and the per-centage of total number of megakaryocyte and middle board megakaryocyte in the experimental group had obviously changes at the 12th, 16th, 20th, 24th, 28th day (P <0.05). MPV in the experimental group had obviously changes in the 12th, 24th, 28th day(P <0.05). TPO in the experimental group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). TPO in both groups was positively correlated with PLT, PCT, the percentage of total number of megakaryocyte and middle board megakaryocyte (P < 0.05). In experimental group, small arteries showed obvious inflammatory injury at the 17th day, medium-sized arteries showed obvious inflammatory injury at the 28th day, but the aortas showed mild changes. Conclusion Platelet, megakaryocyte and TPO took part in the pathogenesis of KD, and they had interaction and co-ordination in the course of regulation, which suggested that they could be used to monitor the changes in the KD and guide the treatment.

OBJECTIVETo analyses the genetic diversity and relationship of Salmonella typhi strains isolated from different years and districts in Guizhou province.

METHODSRibotyping with 16s rDNA probe was used to describe the diversity of the 209 strains which were isolated in 26 counties of Guizhou province, from 1959 to 1999. The antibiotics resistance was also studied.

RESULTSTwenty-six ribotypes were found in all 209 strains, with two dominant types. The strains isolated from local typhoid epidemics belonged to the unique Ribotypes. The major ribotypes of the resistant strains were RT7 and RT1.

CONCLUSIONThe Salmonella typhi isolates from Guizhou diverged obviously. The abundant clones and multi-resistance of the strains might serve the major reasons of the high morbidity of typhoid in Guizhou.

Blotting, Southern ; China ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Ribotyping ; Salmonella typhi ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification