【Objective】 To evaluate and analyze the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on inventory of red blood cells (RBCs)in local and municipal blood stations in China, and to provide reference for the management of public health emergencies. 【Methods】 Relevant data from 2018 to 2021 were collected, and the differences in the volume of qualified RBCs, the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs, the average daily distribution of RBCs,the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood, the difference in the average storage days of RBCs at the time of distribution, the average daily inventory of RBCs and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution in 24 local and municipal blood stations in China during the COVID-19 epidemic and non-epidemic periods were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with non-epidemic periods, the volume of qualified RBCs [(117 525.979 ±52 203.175)U] and the average daily distribution of RBCs [( 156. 468 ± 70. 186) U ] increased significantly, but the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs decreased(97.24%±0.51%) significantly (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood(73.88%±20.30%), the average storage days of RBCs distribution(13.040 ±3.486), the average daily stock quantity of RBCs[(2 280.542 ±1 446.538) U ] and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution[(15.062 ±7.453) d] (P>0.5). 【Conclusion】 During the COVID-19 epidemic, the inventory management of RBCs operated well, the overall inventory remained relatively stable, the stock composition and storage period showed no significant change.

To review the diagnosis and treatment of a case of hypercalcium crisis caused by primary hyperparathyroidism（PHPT） and prophylactic treatment of hungry bone syndrome. In a 32-year-old male with hypercalcemia, the main manifestations were loss of appetite, nausea, polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, lethargy, etc. parathyroid hormone, serum calcium increased, thyroid function was normal, thyroid color ultrasound and MRI showed space-occupying behind the right thyroid, radionuclide examination showed abnormal imaging agent concentration in the right parathyroid area, there was a history of pathological fracture. Clinically diagnosed as hypercalcemia crisis secondary to PHPT.
Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery* ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Hypocalcemia/complications* ; Thyroid Gland ; Calcium

Objective To discuss the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Shanxi province. Methods The medical records of 958 female TNBC patients who were admitted to Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital and the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological features and prognostic factors were summarized. Results The median age of TNBC patients in Shanxi province was 46 years old (21-87 years old), the median body mass index (BMI) was 24.42 kg/m2 (15.0-37.5 kg/m2), and the rural population was slightly more. The left breast cancer was more than the right breast cancer, and 492 patients (51.4％) were in stage T2. The main histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma. The main surgical method was modified radical mastectomy. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the patient's place of residence, fertility status, age at first birth, breastfeeding history, tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging, lymph node metastasis, and surgical approach were associated with the risk of death in TNBC patients (all P<0.05);but the BMI, menstrual status, menarche age, and family history were not associated with the risk of death (all P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that rural residents (HR= 1.46, P= 0.044), positive lymph node metastasis (HR= 2.51, P< 0.01), non-fertility (HR=1.08, P= 0.009) and no surgery (HR= 2.53, P= 0.004) were independent risk factors affecting the risk of death, a history of breastfeeding was a protective factor affecting the risk of death in TNBC patients (HR=0.44, P=0.013). Conclusions In Shanxi province, TNBC is more common in premenopausal women and the main pathological type is invasive ductal carcinoma. Rural population, lymph node positive, non-fertility, and no surgical treatment are independent risk factors for the prognosis of TNBC patients.

Objective To explore how to apply the teaching mode combined flipped class with PBL teaching method to improve college students' ability of English reading and writing and the effectiveness of classroom. Methods In the class of college English reading and writing, students at grade 2015 were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (43 students) was adopted the class teaching with " flipped class and PBL teaching method"and the control group (43 students) was adopted traditional class teaching mode taught by the same teacher. The teaching effects of two groups were studied in a comparative way. The students' final grade, related data in the learning process, students'view of the two teaching modes are studied by analysis of basic data and questionnaire. Results At the end of the semester, the results of the experimental group are better than those of the control group. In the survey of the two class teaching modes, the students in the experimental group spent more time in the learning process than that of the control group.Students think that the teaching mode combined flipped class and PBL teaching method not only improves their autonomic learning ability, classroom participation, the English reading and writing ability, but also helps them perform better in the average scores in the final exam compared to the traditional classroom. Students are more satisfied with the new classroom teaching mode than with traditional one. Conclusion The teaching mode combined flipped class with PBL teaching method can promote the students'autonomous learning, contribute to absorb and internalize knowledge, improve the students'learning interest and learning efficiency, and improve teachers teaching ability.

Objective To describe the growth and development of Schistosoma japonicum in goat and the intensity and tem?poral distribution of eggs excreted by goat feces,so as to provide baseline data for the control and elimination of the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Methods The goat animal models of schistosomiasis were established,and stool sam?ples were collected for parasitological examinations. The number of adult worms recovered,variation of schistosomes in goat at different time points post?infection,number of eggs in schistosomes,variation in number and temporal profiles of eggs excreted from goat feces were observed. Results Of the 6 schistosome?infected goat,415 adult worms were recovered,with a mean adult worm recovery of 34.58%(range,23.00%to 45.50%). Among the 5 goat infected with 200 cercariae each,47,93,77, 74 and 73 adult worms were recovered 2,5,8,11 and 14 months post?infection,respectively. There were(200.00 ± 42.33), (226.20±45.88),(168.20±25.85),(183.80±55.13)and(190.80±53.53)eggs detected in female schistosomes. The mean pre?patent period of eggs excreted by 10 infected goat was(37.7±3.02)d. From 2 to 14 months post?infection,7 batches of goat fe?ces were hatched,and there were 30,23,14,1 and 2 times for miracidium intensity of“++++”,“+++”,“++”,“+”and“-”, respectively,with 42.86%,32.86%,20.00%,1.43%and 2.86%constituent ratios of miracidium intensity. Conclusions Ap?proximately 1/3 S. japonicum cercariae may develop to adults in goats post?infection,and the prepatent period of eggs is(37.7± 3.02)d. There is no remarkable decrease seen in the number of adult worms,eggs in female schistosomes and eggs in goat feces within 14 months post?infection. Our findings suggest a long duration for infected goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis ,and there is no evidence to prove the“self?cure”phenomenon in goat,indicating that goat is an important source of infection for schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective To observe the application value and therapeutic efficacy of wide-field digital pediatric retinal imaging system (Retcam Ⅲ) fundus fluorescein angiograms (FFA) assisted photocoagulation on familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).Methods The study included 46 eyes of 34 patients with staging 2 FEVR.All patients received color fundus photography and FFA under general anesthesia.The blood vessel reliability of color fundus photography and FFA was comparatively determined.Binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser photocoagulation was applied to peripheral retina with abnormal leakage as indicated by FFA,the wavelength was 532nm,the duration was 0.25 s and the energy was 200-280 mW.After laser photocoagulation,fundus imaging and FFA was repeated.Further laser photocoagulation was immediately added to areas with vessel leakage but missing the photocoagulation.After treatment,the mean follow-up duration was 14.4 months.The follow up focused on neovascularization,exudative lesions,vitreous traction and merging of photocoagulation spots within 3 months,and on fibrosis membrane resulting in macular traction,tractional retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage or Coats disease-like retinal exudates after 3 months.Results It was hard to identify the blood vessels based on the color fundus images and some avascular zone maybe missed.Neovascularization can't be determined by shape of the blood vessels.On the other hand,those new blood vessels can be easily recognized by FFA as leakage sites at the boundary of avascular zone.The surgeon could quickly and accurately locate the FEVR area guided by the color fundus images and FFA from same angle under binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.During the treatment,there was no retinal FEVR area missed laser photocoagulation for all patients.There was no neovascularization,exudative lesions,vitreous traction within 3 months,and no fibrosis membrane,tractional retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage or Coats disease-like retinal exudates after 3 months.There were no ocular and systemic complications during and after the FFA and laser photocoagulation.Conclusion Wide-field Retcam Ⅲ FFA can help retinal specialists to identify abnormal neovascularization,locate the lesion area,and thus increase the success rate of laser photocoagulation,reduce the ocular and systemic complications for FEVR.

Objective To determine kinetics of TNF-α and miR-146a (microRNA-146a)expressions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NR8383 alveolar macrophages (AM) at different intervals and their relationships in order to explore regulatory effect and mechanism of miR-146a on alveolar macrophages inflammatory responses.Methods NR8383 alveolar macrophages were seeded in a 6-well plate,and stimulated with 1 μg/ml of LPS for 0 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h separately after 90 min.Cells were harvested and supernatant were collected 0 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h after incubation.The expressions of miR146a and TNF-α mRNA in cells were detected by real-time qPCR and the levels of TNF-α protein in the supematant of cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ).Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between miR-146a and TNF-α mRNA.Results ①The level of TNF-α protein in the supernatant of cell was significantly increased 3 h after LPS challenge ( 359.80 ±57.54) pg/ml (P ＜0.01 ),and peaked 12 h later (729.22 ±50.40) pg/ml (P＜0.01 ) ; ②the expression of TNF-α mRNA peaked 3 h after LPS challenge (67.48 ±24.52) fold,P ＜0.01 ),and then decreased gradually; ③the expression of miR-146a mRNA increased continuously until 6 h or 12 h after LPS challenge 6 h:(5.33 ±0.81) fold,12 h:(8.21 ±1.19) fold,(P＜0.01),and it showed an upward tendency;④ the expression of miR-146a mRNA was negatively correlated with TNF-α mRNA ( r =-0.895,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The miR-146a mRNA showed a negative correlation with TNF-α mRNA present in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar macrophages,suggesting miR-146a mRNA involved in regulating the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages.

Delta8 desaturase pathway, different from common delta6 desaturase pathway, is an alternate pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. Delta8-fatty acid desaturase is one of the key enzymes in delta8 desaturase pathway. Two specific fragments were separately cloned from genomic DNA and cDNA of Euglena gracilis by PCR with the primers designed according to the reported sequence. Comparison of the genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that there wasn't intron in this delta8-fatty acid desaturase gene. This gene has an open reading frame of 1 266 bp that encodes 421 amino acids. It is 6 bp longer than the reported gene sequence, and also showed certain difference from the reported sequence in the N-terminal. The recombinant expression plasmid pYEFD by subcloning delta8-fatty acid desaturase gene into the yeast-E. coli shuttle vector pYES2.0 was constructed and was transformed into the defective mutant INVSc1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electrotransformation. The resulting strain YD8 harboring plasmid pYEFD was selected and was cultured in the induction medium with exogenous substrates omega6-eicosadienoic acid and omega3-eicosatrienoic acid for the expression of delta8-fatty acid desaturase gene. The results indicated that high level expressed As-fatty acid desaturase could convert omega6-eicosadienoic acid and omega3-eicosatrienoic acid to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and eicosatetraenoic acid with substrate conversion ratio 31.2% and 46.3%, respectively.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Euglena gracilis ; enzymology ; Fatty Acid Desaturases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism

To test the hypothesis that exogenous purified angiotensin II (ANG) might cause apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and acute lung injury, male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with purified ANG (10 mumol/L), ANG plus the caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk (60 mumol/L), ANG plus the ANG receptor AT1 antagonist losartan (LOS, 100 mumol/L) or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) vehicle alone. Six or 20 h later, the lungs were lavaged in situ for determination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid content of hemoglobin (Hb) and fluorescent (BODIPY)-albumin, a bolus of which was injected intravenously 15 min prior to BAL. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) revealed that instillation of ANG, but not PBS alone, increased labeling of fragmented DNA in bronchiolar epithelial cells and in AECs (P<0.05) at 6 h post-ANG. Increased TUNEL was abrogated by concurrent instillation of ZVAD-fmk or LOS. Significant increased numbers of caspase-positive cells were observed by anti-caspase 3 immunolabeling after instillation of ANG (P<0.01); the same doses of LOS or ZVAD-fmk that blocked TUNEL also blocked the activation of caspase 3 (P<0.01). Intratracheal instillation of ANG also remarkably increased BAL BODIPY-albumin (P< 0.01) and Hb (P<0.05), both of which were eliminated by ZVAD-fmk or LOS. These data indicate that exposure of AECs to ANG in vivo is sufficient to induce apoptosis and alveolar epithelial barrier injury mediated by ANG receptor AT1.
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II ; adverse effects ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism

Objective To explore the technique of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Methods 30 cases of patients with breast cancer who were not suitable for breast conservative surgery were sum-marized. Among them, immediate breast reconstruction with prosthetic implants after mastectomy was used in 16 patients, transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM flap) in 10 patients, and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap in 4 patients. There were 27 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction, while 3 patients underwent delayed breast construction. Results The appearance was good in 16 cases of breast reconstruction with prosthetic implants and no complications were found. Two out of the ten patients who had the transevarse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM flap) breast reconstruction had partly necrosis of skin flap, and one lateral ventral syndrome. The appear-ance of the 7 cases after the TRAM flap breast reconstruction evaluated well, 2 cases moderate, and one case less satisfactory. The appearance of 4 patients who had breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap evaluated well. Conclusion Breast reconstruction is an important part of combined therapy for the breast cancer, especially for the patients who have strong desire to conserve breast, while incompetence for breast conserving surgery. In such a case breast reconstruction is a good choice. Imme-diate breast reconstruction is better than delayed breast construction. The appropriate method of breast reconstruction depends on each individual patient. Patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma can se-lectively choose immediate breast reconstruction.