ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Huayu Jiedu prescription against PC12 cell damage induced by a combination of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） and oxygen-glucose deprivation （OGD）. MethodsFirst， dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） was used to induce the differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line （HL-60） into neutrophil-like cells （dHL-60）， and cell differentiation was assessed through Giemsa staining and flow cytometry. Next， phorbol myristate （PMA） was used to induce the formation of NETs in dHL-60 cells. The formation of NETs was assessed via SYTOX Green staining， and NETs were extracted by low-speed centrifugation. Finally， the NETs prepared through the conditioned medium were combined with OGD to induce a high-differentiation PC12 neuronal cell damage model through the co-culture method. This model was treated with the Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum. Cells were randomly allocated into a normal control group， a model （NETs + OGD） group， a traditional Chinese medicine （NETs + OGD + 5% Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum） group， and a NETosis inhibitor （100 mg·L^-1 DNase I + NETs + OGD） group. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to evaluate cell viability and screen the optimal intervention concentrations of NETs and Huayu Jiedu Formula-containing serum， as well as the optimal intervention time for OGD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to measure the levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes （MPO-DNA）， citrullinated histone H3 （CitH3）， and neutrophil elastase （NE）. Western blot was employed to quantify the protein levels of CitH3 and cleaved Caspase-3. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay （TUNEL） staining and flow cytometry were employed to assess neuronal apoptosis. ResultsCompared with those in the normal control group， cells in the model group successfully differentiated into dHL60 cells after DMSO induction. Wright-Giemsa staining revealed that the cells in the model group had disappeared nucleoli， distinct reniform and lobulated changes of nuclei， highly condensed chromatin， and the cytoplasm containing pale purple fine granules. Flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity （MFI） of CD11b in the model group was enhanced （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the normal control group， dHL60 cells in the model group successfully generated NETs after PMA induction. SYTOX Green staining revealed loss of cell membrane integrity， with chromatin released from the cytoplasm to form abundant extracellular， cloud-like fibrillar structures， and a marked increase in fluorescence intensity （P<0.01）. Through the CCK-8 assay for assessing the viability of highly differentiated PC12 cells， the optimal concentration for NETs was determined as 1 000 ng·L^-1， the optimal concentration of Huayu Jiedu formula-containing serum as 5%， and the optimal duration for OGD as 2 h. Compared with the normal control group， the model group showed elevated levels of MPO-DNA， CitH3， and NE （P<0.01） and upregulated protein levels of CitH3 and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. Furthermore， TUNEL staining revealed an increased proportion of apoptotic cells （P<0.01） and flow cytometry showed an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the Huayu Jiedu formula-containing serum group and the NETosis inhibitor group exhibited declined levels of MPO-DNA， CitH3， and NE （P<0.05，P<0.01） and downregulated protein levels of CitH3 and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. In addition， TUNEL staining showed a decrease in the proportion of apoptotic cells （P<0.01）， and flow cytometry revealed a decrease in the apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. ConclusionHuayu Jiedu prescription may exert a protective effect against ischemic neuronal damage by inhibiting NET formation or alleviating NET-induced neurotoxicity

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Huayu Jiedu prescription against PC12 cell damage induced by a combination of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） and oxygen-glucose deprivation （OGD）. MethodsFirst， dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） was used to induce the differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line （HL-60） into neutrophil-like cells （dHL-60）， and cell differentiation was assessed through Giemsa staining and flow cytometry. Next， phorbol myristate （PMA） was used to induce the formation of NETs in dHL-60 cells. The formation of NETs was assessed via SYTOX Green staining， and NETs were extracted by low-speed centrifugation. Finally， the NETs prepared through the conditioned medium were combined with OGD to induce a high-differentiation PC12 neuronal cell damage model through the co-culture method. This model was treated with the Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum. Cells were randomly allocated into a normal control group， a model （NETs + OGD） group， a traditional Chinese medicine （NETs + OGD + 5% Huayu Jiedu prescription-containing serum） group， and a NETosis inhibitor （100 mg·L^-1 DNase I + NETs + OGD） group. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to evaluate cell viability and screen the optimal intervention concentrations of NETs and Huayu Jiedu Formula-containing serum， as well as the optimal intervention time for OGD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to measure the levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes （MPO-DNA）， citrullinated histone H3 （CitH3）， and neutrophil elastase （NE）. Western blot was employed to quantify the protein levels of CitH3 and cleaved Caspase-3. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay （TUNEL） staining and flow cytometry were employed to assess neuronal apoptosis. ResultsCompared with those in the normal control group， cells in the model group successfully differentiated into dHL60 cells after DMSO induction. Wright-Giemsa staining revealed that the cells in the model group had disappeared nucleoli， distinct reniform and lobulated changes of nuclei， highly condensed chromatin， and the cytoplasm containing pale purple fine granules. Flow cytometry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity （MFI） of CD11b in the model group was enhanced （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the normal control group， dHL60 cells in the model group successfully generated NETs after PMA induction. SYTOX Green staining revealed loss of cell membrane integrity， with chromatin released from the cytoplasm to form abundant extracellular， cloud-like fibrillar structures， and a marked increase in fluorescence intensity （P<0.01）. Through the CCK-8 assay for assessing the viability of highly differentiated PC12 cells， the optimal concentration for NETs was determined as 1 000 ng·L^-1， the optimal concentration of Huayu Jiedu formula-containing serum as 5%， and the optimal duration for OGD as 2 h. Compared with the normal control group， the model group showed elevated levels of MPO-DNA， CitH3， and NE （P<0.01） and upregulated protein levels of CitH3 and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. Furthermore， TUNEL staining revealed an increased proportion of apoptotic cells （P<0.01） and flow cytometry showed an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the Huayu Jiedu formula-containing serum group and the NETosis inhibitor group exhibited declined levels of MPO-DNA， CitH3， and NE （P<0.05，P<0.01） and downregulated protein levels of CitH3 and cleaved Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. In addition， TUNEL staining showed a decrease in the proportion of apoptotic cells （P<0.01）， and flow cytometry revealed a decrease in the apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. ConclusionHuayu Jiedu prescription may exert a protective effect against ischemic neuronal damage by inhibiting NET formation or alleviating NET-induced neurotoxicity

Aim To explore the possible regulatory effect of leptin on acyl-CoA synthetase long chain fami-ly member ACSL5 and their effect on migration and in-vasion of breast cancer cell,and to explore the underly-ing mechanism.Methods The expression of leptin receptor was detected by immunofluorescence assay.The migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assay respectively.The downstream target gene of leptin was analyzed by PCR microarray data.The expression of ACSL5 in breast cancer and its correlation with the staging and prognosis of breast cancer patients were as-sessed uing bioinformatics methods.The expression of ACSL5 in MCF-7 cells treated with different concentra-tions of leptin was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Overexpressing ACSL5 was constructed by lentiviral transfection;the expressions of EMT related proteins,AMPK-α and p-AMPK-α were detected by Western blot.Results Leptin promoted breast cancer cell mi-gration and invasion and EMT.ACSL5 was significant-ly low expressed in breast cancer and related to progno-sis.Leptin downregulated the expression of ACSL5 through OBR.Leptin activated AMPK pathway to downregulate ACSL5 and promote migration,invasion and EMT of breast cancer cells.Conclusions Leptin may promote the migration,invasion and EMT of breast cancer by downregulating ACSL5 through activating AMPK pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of rehmanniae radix extract(RRE)on chondrocyte apoptosis in the rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)by regulating the miR-485-5p/heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1(Hsp90b1)axis.Methods New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into control,KOA,low-dose RRE,medium-dose RRE,high-dose RRE,celecoxib,high-dose RRE+antagonist control,and high-dose RRE+miR-485-5p antagonist groups,with 12 rabbits in each group.Rabbits in other groups except the control group were modeled for KOA with the improved Hulth method.After modeling for 8 weeks,the rabbits were administrated with corresponding agents for 4 weeks.The changes in the activity rating of rabbits were recorded.ELISA was employed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin(IL)-6 in the serum.Safranine O-fast green staining was conducted to reveal the pathological changes in the cartilage tissue and Mankin scoring was performed.TUNEL was employed to detect chondrocyte apoptosis.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-485-5p in the cartilage tissue.Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of Hsp90b1,cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3),and Bcl2-associated-X(Bax)in the cartilage tissue.The dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to examine the relationship between miR-485-5p and Hsp90b1.Results Compared with the control group,the KOA group showed down-regulated expression of miR-485-5p,elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum,cartilage erosion and losses,and increases in activity rating,Mankin score,chondrocyte apoptosis rate,and protein levels of Hsp90b1,cleaved Caspase-3,and Bax(all P<0.001).Compared with the KOA group,RRE at low,medium,and high doses,and celecoxib up-regulated the expression of miR-485-5p,lowered the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum,alleviated the pathological damage to the cartilage tissue,and decreased the activity rating,Mankin score,chondrocyte apoptosis rate,and protein levels of Hsp90b1,cleaved Caspase-3,and Bax(all P<0.05).Compared with the high-dose RRE group and the high-dose RRE+antagonist control group,high-dose RRE+miR-485-5p antagonist down-regulated the expression of miR-485-5p,elevated the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum,exacerbated the pathological damage to the cartilage tissue,and increased the activity rating,Mankin score,chondrocyte apoptosis rate,and protein levels of Hsp90b1,cleaved Caspase-3,and Bax(all P<0.05).The results indicated that there was a targeted regulatory relationship between miR-485-5p and Hsp90b1.Conclusion RRE may inhibit the expression of Hsp90b1 by up-regulating miR-485-5p,thereby inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis in the rabbit model of KOA.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Chondrocytes/pathology* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Rehmannia/chemistry* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism* ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Objective:To explore a factor analysis method for job training needs based on "P4 medicine", and to provide evidence-based support for optimizing continuing education systems for medical staff in military rest homes and sanatoriums.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 medical staff from military rest homes and sanatoriums within the support system who participated in job training at Xinqiao Hospital. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the "P4 medicine" framework. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, 46 core indicators were selected. A principal component analysis was used to extract common factors, and a model of hierarchical needs was constructed by combining varimax rotation and entropy weight methods.Results:Four common factors were extracted, accounting for 81.564% cumulative variance. The first factor "dynamic updating of geriatric medical knowledge" (31.83%) covered clinical core competencies in managing geriatric comorbidities and recognizing critical values. The second factor "emergency responsiveness and personalized care" (26.05%) focused on military medical regulations, emergency treatment protocols, and tailored interventions. The third factor "multidisciplinary collaboration and leadership development" (12.41%) emphasized team reorganization in combat-ready scenarios. The fourth factor "integration of intelligent technologies" (11.29%) reflected data-driven decision-making needs. Entropy weight analysis highlighted dynamic medical knowledge updates (e.g., emergency skills with a weight of 0.050) and AI applications with a weight of 0.019 among the top 10% high-weight indicators.Conclusions:The "P4 medicine" effectively delineates the multidimensional training needs of grassroots medical personnel. Its four-dimensional structure (predictive, normative, collaborative, and innovative) provides a theoretical framework for curriculum design. We recommend constructing tiered training modules prioritizing technology-enabled mechanisms to enhance the precision and sustainability of geriatric healthcare services.

Aim To explore the possible regulatory effect of leptin on acyl-CoA synthetase long chain fami-ly member ACSL5 and their effect on migration and in-vasion of breast cancer cell,and to explore the underly-ing mechanism.Methods The expression of leptin receptor was detected by immunofluorescence assay.The migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assay respectively.The downstream target gene of leptin was analyzed by PCR microarray data.The expression of ACSL5 in breast cancer and its correlation with the staging and prognosis of breast cancer patients were as-sessed uing bioinformatics methods.The expression of ACSL5 in MCF-7 cells treated with different concentra-tions of leptin was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Overexpressing ACSL5 was constructed by lentiviral transfection;the expressions of EMT related proteins,AMPK-α and p-AMPK-α were detected by Western blot.Results Leptin promoted breast cancer cell mi-gration and invasion and EMT.ACSL5 was significant-ly low expressed in breast cancer and related to progno-sis.Leptin downregulated the expression of ACSL5 through OBR.Leptin activated AMPK pathway to downregulate ACSL5 and promote migration,invasion and EMT of breast cancer cells.Conclusions Leptin may promote the migration,invasion and EMT of breast cancer by downregulating ACSL5 through activating AMPK pathway.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)balloon—Vesscrack shockwave balloon—for vascular preparation before stent implantation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification(CAC).Methods This was a prospective,single-arm,multicenter study conducted in China from June 2022 to October 2022.Patients with severe CAC were treated with the Vesscrack shockwave balloon for lesion preparation,followed by drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation.Of these,33 patients underwent optical coherence tomography(OCT).The primary endpoint was procedural success,defined as successful stent implantation with residual stenosis≤30％and the absence of in-hospital major adverse events,including cardiac death,target vessel-related myocardial infarction,or target lesion revascularization.Results A total of 170 patients[mean age:(65.9±7.9)years,116 males]were enrolled.After treatment with IVL and DES,the minimum lumen diameter increased significantly compared to baseline[(2.34±0.40)mm vs.(0.95±0.33)mm,P＜0.001],the degree of stenosis was significantly reduced[(13.24±6.60)％vs.(65.18±10.59)％,P＜0.001].Procedural success was achieved in 100％of cases,and device success was 98.8％.The 30-day patient-related cardiovascular clinical composite endpoint(POCE)rate was 0.0,with no target lesion failure,no confirmed or potential thrombotic events were observed.The shockwave energy generator demonstrated excellent stability and ease of use.Among the 33 patients assessed with OCT,after IVL intervention,the maximum calcified area of the lumen[(3.51±1.51)mm2 vs.(2.85±1.80)mm2,P＜0.001],and the minimum lumen area within the target lesion[(3.08±1.04)mm2 vs.(2.02±0.75)mm2,P＜0.001],and after DES intervention,the luminal area of the largest calcified site[(6.59±1.64)mm2 vs.(2.85±1.80)mm2,P＜0.001]and the minimum luminal area within the target lesion[(6.19±1.45)mm2 vs.(2.02±0.75)mm2,P＜0.001]were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions The Vesscrack shockwave balloon is effective and safe for vascular preparation in patients with severe CAC prior to stent implantation.It achieves significant calcified plaque modification,high procedural success rates,and minimal complications.

Objective:To explore a factor analysis method for job training needs based on "P4 medicine", and to provide evidence-based support for optimizing continuing education systems for medical staff in military rest homes and sanatoriums.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 medical staff from military rest homes and sanatoriums within the support system who participated in job training at Xinqiao Hospital. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the "P4 medicine" framework. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, 46 core indicators were selected. A principal component analysis was used to extract common factors, and a model of hierarchical needs was constructed by combining varimax rotation and entropy weight methods.Results:Four common factors were extracted, accounting for 81.564% cumulative variance. The first factor "dynamic updating of geriatric medical knowledge" (31.83%) covered clinical core competencies in managing geriatric comorbidities and recognizing critical values. The second factor "emergency responsiveness and personalized care" (26.05%) focused on military medical regulations, emergency treatment protocols, and tailored interventions. The third factor "multidisciplinary collaboration and leadership development" (12.41%) emphasized team reorganization in combat-ready scenarios. The fourth factor "integration of intelligent technologies" (11.29%) reflected data-driven decision-making needs. Entropy weight analysis highlighted dynamic medical knowledge updates (e.g., emergency skills with a weight of 0.050) and AI applications with a weight of 0.019 among the top 10% high-weight indicators.Conclusions:The "P4 medicine" effectively delineates the multidimensional training needs of grassroots medical personnel. Its four-dimensional structure (predictive, normative, collaborative, and innovative) provides a theoretical framework for curriculum design. We recommend constructing tiered training modules prioritizing technology-enabled mechanisms to enhance the precision and sustainability of geriatric healthcare services.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)balloon—Vesscrack shockwave balloon—for vascular preparation before stent implantation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification(CAC).Methods This was a prospective,single-arm,multicenter study conducted in China from June 2022 to October 2022.Patients with severe CAC were treated with the Vesscrack shockwave balloon for lesion preparation,followed by drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation.Of these,33 patients underwent optical coherence tomography(OCT).The primary endpoint was procedural success,defined as successful stent implantation with residual stenosis≤30％and the absence of in-hospital major adverse events,including cardiac death,target vessel-related myocardial infarction,or target lesion revascularization.Results A total of 170 patients[mean age:(65.9±7.9)years,116 males]were enrolled.After treatment with IVL and DES,the minimum lumen diameter increased significantly compared to baseline[(2.34±0.40)mm vs.(0.95±0.33)mm,P＜0.001],the degree of stenosis was significantly reduced[(13.24±6.60)％vs.(65.18±10.59)％,P＜0.001].Procedural success was achieved in 100％of cases,and device success was 98.8％.The 30-day patient-related cardiovascular clinical composite endpoint(POCE)rate was 0.0,with no target lesion failure,no confirmed or potential thrombotic events were observed.The shockwave energy generator demonstrated excellent stability and ease of use.Among the 33 patients assessed with OCT,after IVL intervention,the maximum calcified area of the lumen[(3.51±1.51)mm2 vs.(2.85±1.80)mm2,P＜0.001],and the minimum lumen area within the target lesion[(3.08±1.04)mm2 vs.(2.02±0.75)mm2,P＜0.001],and after DES intervention,the luminal area of the largest calcified site[(6.59±1.64)mm2 vs.(2.85±1.80)mm2,P＜0.001]and the minimum luminal area within the target lesion[(6.19±1.45)mm2 vs.(2.02±0.75)mm2,P＜0.001]were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions The Vesscrack shockwave balloon is effective and safe for vascular preparation in patients with severe CAC prior to stent implantation.It achieves significant calcified plaque modification,high procedural success rates,and minimal complications.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is characterised by the persistent obstruction of the proximal pulmonary arteries by organized thrombi and peripheral microvascular disease,which can lead to right-sided heart failure and mortality.Pulmonary endarterectomy enables complete removal of visible obstructive elements within the pulmonary arteries and is recommended for operable patients.Nevertheless,over 40%of patients are precluded from pulmonary endarterectomy because of factors such as surgically inaccessible lesions,compromised general health status,or concurrent comorbidities or still with residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy.For inoperable patients or those with residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy,balloon pulmonary angioplasty is an effective therapeutic option,which could significantly improve the hemodynamic,exercise tolerance and outcome of the patients.With the emerging accumulation of clinical experience and evidence,2022 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society guidelines of pulmonary hypertension recommend balloon pulmonary angioplasty as an alternative therapeutic option for these patients.However,different types of lesions may have their own lesion characteristics,the strategy and device of balloon pulmonary angioplasty should thus be individually considered for different lesions,in fact,the success rate of treatment and the incidence rate of complications are varied significantly.Therefore,the aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the existing studies on balloon pulmonary angioplasty treatment strategies for different types of lesions and the management of complications to provide guidance and reference for clinicians.