AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice.METHODS Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the blank control group,the model group,the levamisole hydrochloride group(40 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CFM groups(3.75,7.5,10 g/kg),with 8 mice in each group,and given respective intervention orally once daily for 14 days.On the 5th to 7th day of administration,with the blank control group given normal saline intraperitoneally,the other groups underwent intraperitoneal CTX injections(80 mg/kg).24 hours after the last administration,organ indices of thymus and spleen were calculated;splenic histopathological alterations were assessed by HE staining;serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IgG were quantified using ELISA;splenic CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,alongside CD86+and CD206+macrophages populations were analyzed by flow cytometry;and splenic expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS In CTX-treated mice,CFM administration mitigated body weight loss;enhanced thymus weight and thymic index;ameliorated splenic immune cell populations,elevated serum levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-6 and IgG in serum;and upregulated splenic levels of CD45+CD3+T lymphocytes and F4/80+CD11b+macrophages,alongside increasing the expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 surface markers.CONCLUSION CFM alleviates CTX-induced immunosuppression state in mice by modulating immune cells,restoring immune function and enhancing anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.

AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice.METHODS Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the blank control group,the model group,the levamisole hydrochloride group(40 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CFM groups(3.75,7.5,10 g/kg),with 8 mice in each group,and given respective intervention orally once daily for 14 days.On the 5th to 7th day of administration,with the blank control group given normal saline intraperitoneally,the other groups underwent intraperitoneal CTX injections(80 mg/kg).24 hours after the last administration,organ indices of thymus and spleen were calculated;splenic histopathological alterations were assessed by HE staining;serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IgG were quantified using ELISA;splenic CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,alongside CD86+and CD206+macrophages populations were analyzed by flow cytometry;and splenic expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS In CTX-treated mice,CFM administration mitigated body weight loss;enhanced thymus weight and thymic index;ameliorated splenic immune cell populations,elevated serum levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-6 and IgG in serum;and upregulated splenic levels of CD45+CD3+T lymphocytes and F4/80+CD11b+macrophages,alongside increasing the expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 surface markers.CONCLUSION CFM alleviates CTX-induced immunosuppression state in mice by modulating immune cells,restoring immune function and enhancing anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.

AIM:A total of 1 084 preschool children in 4 kindergartens in Xining City were surveyed on their visual acuity and refraction status to find out abnormal vision and refraction beyond the normal range. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study. The overall sampling method was used on October 2019, a total of 1 084 preschool children aged 3-6 years were selected from a kindergarten in the east, west, south and north of Xining City. The children were checked for uncorrected distance vision and refractive status was checked by using a refractive screener.RESULTS: The detection rate of abnormal vision in preschool children in Xining City was 12.21%, and the detection rate of abnormal vision increased with the increasing age(χ2lineartrend=94.40, P<0.05), and there were differences among different age groups(χ2=293.55, P<0.05). Refractive abnormalities accounted for 6.09% of the total number of examinations. With the increasing age, the proportion of compound hyperopic astigmatism decreased(χ2lineartrend=1.79, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The abnormal visual acuity of preschool children in Xining City gradually increases with the increasing age; The refractive state is dominated by astigmatism, among which the proportion of mixed astigmatism and pure myopia astigmatism is the highest, followed by pure hyperopic astigmatism and compound hyperopic astigmatism; With the increase of age, the diopter of compound hyperopic astigmatism gradually decreases, which is in line with the law of children's eye refractive development.

In this study, a research strategy integrating network pharmacology analysis and animal experimental validation was applied to explore the molecular mechanism of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules (CXQN) in improving migraine headache (MH). All animal experiments were followed the regulation of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Based on the network pharmacology analysis, the 27 active ingredients and their corresponding 940 targets were obtained, and 99 common targets of CXQN in the treatment of MH were obtained by intersection, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), IL-1β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were screened out as hub targets. Enrichment analysis showed that the targets of CXQN in the treatment of MH were mainly involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways. In addition, the experimental verification in the MH rat induced by nitroglycerin showed that the CXQN administrated groups could significantly improve the behavioral symptoms and regulate the level of vasoactive substances, and reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, VEGFA, IL-1β, and BDNF at gene and protein levels. This study revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of CXQN in the treatment of MH, and elucidated the potential mechanism of CXQN in the treatment of MH, laying a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for its clinical application in the treatment of MH diseases.

Epithelial and stromal tissues are components of the tumor microenvironment and play a major role in tumor initiation and progression. Distinguishing stroma from epithelial tissues is critically important for spatial characterization of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we propose BrcaSeg, an image analysis pipeline based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify epithelial and stromal regions in whole-slide hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histopathological images. The CNN model is trained using well-annotated breast cancer tissue microarrays and validated with images from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program. BrcaSeg achieves a classification accuracy of 91.02％, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Using this model, we generate pixel-level epithelial/stromal tissue maps for 1000 TCGA breast cancer slide images that are paired with gene expression data. We subsequently estimate the epithelial and stromal ratios and perform correlation analysis to model the relationship between gene expression and tissue ratios. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of genes that are highly correlated with tissue ratios suggest that the same tissue is associated with similar biological processes in different breast cancer subtypes, whereas each subtype also has its own idiosyncratic biological processes governing the development of these tissues. Taken all together, our approach can lead to new insights in exploring relationships between image-based phenotypes and their underlying genomic events and biological processes for all types of solid tumors. BrcaSeg can be accessed at https://github.com/Serian1992/ImgBio.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effective components of Chinese medicine (CM) contained in Chaihu Shugan Powder (, CSP) in the treatment of depressive disorders and to predict its anti-depressant mechanism by network pharmacology. METHODS: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity calculation method was used to screen the active components of CSP. Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological Database Analysis Platform and text mining tool (GoPuMed database) were used to predict and screen the active ingredients of CSP and anti-depressive targets. Through Genetic Association Database, Therapeutic Target Database, and PharmGkb database targets for depression were obtained. Cytoscape3.2.1 software was used to establish a network map of the active ingredients-targets of CSP, and to analyze gene function and metabolic pathways through Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and the Omicshare database. RESULTS: The 121 active ingredients and 15 depression-related targets which were screened from the database can exert antidepressant effects by improving the neural plasticity, growth, transfer condition and gene expression of neuronal cell, and the raise of the expression of gap junction protein. The 15 targets passed 14 metabolic pathways, mainly involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and epinephrine), inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, calcium signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and other signal channels to exert anti-depressant effects. CONCLUSION This article reveals the possible mechanism of CSP in the treatment of depression through network pharmacology research, and lays a foundation for further target studies.

Objective To analyze the role of telehealth?based dialysis registration systems in real?time and dynamic reflection of renal anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and discuss the prospect of its application in dialysis registration management. Methods The Red China project was to build up a dialysis registration system based on the WeChat mobile terminal platform. Demographic and baseline laboratory parameters such as age, gender, primary disease, dialysis age, creatinine were recorded in this system. Hemoglobin (Hb) level was monthly recorded. The platform generated Hb statistics report for each HD center monthly, including the detection rate, target rate and the distribution level of Hb, and released it to physicians through the WeChat terminal of mobile phone. After that, physicians could change the treatment of anemia individually on basis of this report. Here the demographic and baseline laboratory parameters, the detection rate, target rate, the average level and the distribution of Hb from June 2015 to October 2017 after the project launched were analyzed. Results From June 2015 to October 2017, 8392 maintenance HD patients from 28 HD centers in Shanghai were enrolled, of whom 5059(60.3％) were male.The average rate age was (60.5 ± 13.7) years old. Baseline average Hb was (108.3±16.0) g/L. Baseline detection rate and target rate were 54.2％and 47.5％, respectively. After 28 months follow?up, the detection rate of Hb increased from 54.2％ to 73.6％ (P<0.001), the target rate of Hb increased from 47.5％ to 56.1％ (P<0.001), and the level of average Hb rose from (108.3±16.0) g/L to (110.7±16.0) g/L. The difference between average Hb in two consecutive months was less than 1.3 g/L. Conclusions The telehealth?based dialysis registration system can timely report the anemia situation of HD patients, which may improve the awareness rate of anemia, the degree of attention and the compliance of anemia monitoring, so as to improve the detection rate and target rate of Hb and reduce the fluctuation of Hb, which helps to maintain the HD patients to correct anemia in a timely, stable and long?term way. The telehealth?based dialysis registration system, as an improved mode of dialysis registration is a promising way for long?term management of renal anemia in dialysis patients.

BACKGROUNDGlobally, the proportion of child deaths that occur in the neonatal period remains a high level of 37-41%. Differences of cause in neonate death exist in different regions as well as in different economic development countries. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the causes, characteristics, and differences of death in neonates during hospitalization in the tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of China.

METHODSAll the dead neonates admitted to 26 NICUs were included between January l, 2011, and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a designed questionnaire. Data collected from each NICU were delivered to the leading institution where the results were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 744 newborns died during the 1-year survey, accounting for 1.2% of all the neonates admitted to 26 NICUs and 37.6% of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age in these hospitals. Preterm neonate death accounted for 59.3% of all the death. The leading causes of death in preterm and term infants were pulmonary disease and infection, respectively. In early neonate period, pulmonary diseases (56.5%) occupied the largest proportion of preterm deaths while infection (27%) and neurologic diseases (22%) were the two main causes of term deaths. In late neonate period, infection was the leading cause of both preterm and term neonate deaths. About two-thirds of neonate death occurred after medical care withdrawal. Of the cases who might survive if receiving continuing treatment, parents' concern about the long-term outcomes was the main reason of medical care withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONSNeonate death still accounts for a high proportion of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age. Our study showed the majority of neonate death occurred in preterm infants. Cause of death varied with the age of death and gestational age. Accurate and prompt evaluation of the long-term outcomes should be carried out to guide the critical decision.

Cause of Death ; China ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; mortality ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Perinatal Death ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the effects of unevenly-distributed backpack loads on human physiological parameters as compared to the traditional centrally-placed load at the backpack bottom. Methods For the unevenly-distributed load mode, the backpack was divided into four spaces including top right, top left, bottom right and bottom left. The loads were divided into two parts proportionally (1/2∶1/2, 1/4∶3/4 and 3/4∶1/4) and placed at the bottom left and top right of the backpack, respectively. The remaining two spaces were filled with the plastic foam. Ten healthy volunteers performed 30-min walking trials on the treadmill at the speed of 1.1 m/s with the backpack load equal to 10% body weight (BW). The changes of subjects’ body posture, muscle fatigue, heart rate, blood pressure before and after the trial, as well as the electromyography (EMG) changes at 0, 5, 10, 15 min after the trial were measured by the Bortec AMT-8 and the NDI Optotrak Certus. Results The muscle fatigue of right upper trapezius and forward-leaning angle increased as the loads at top right of the backpack increased. However, the muscle fatigue in the new mode of backpack load distribution showed no significant differences as compared to the traditional mode under the same backpack loads. The new mode with the load ratio of 3/4∶1/4 had no significant effects on posture. The new mode with the load ratio of 1/2∶1/2 could contribute to the decrease of heart rate and blood pressure as compared to the traditional mode. Conclusions Adopting a new and more reasonable load distribution mode can guarantee the body posture unaffected by the backpack loads, and decrease heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, the cross and evenly distributed load mode is recommended for the backpack design.