Objective To systematically explore the prescription source,prescription composition,drug origin and processing,functional indications and clinical application of the classic Tibetan medicine Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,so as to provide scientific basis for its in-depth development,rational utilization and follow-up research.Methods By using methods of literature review,the ancient and modern Tibetan medical classics and modern literature such as'Ocha Jinmai' sporadic secret collection 'Zhigong Yi Suan Ji' were retrieved,and the prescription origin,medicinal material origin,processing technology,prescription solution,usage and dosage were studied and analyzed.Results The Sanwei Qiangwei Powder originated from the 'Ocha Jinmai'(《()》)written by Qiangba Minimatongwatundan in the 15th century.The book was written much earlier than the literature included in the 'Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions(Second Batch)'-the 'Selection of Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions·Longevity Baoru' in the 19th century.The prescription consists of 15 copies of Rosa rugosa,7 copies of Herpetospermum caudigerum,and 3 copies of Terminalia chebula Retz.It plays a significant effect on hepatobiliary diseases such as biliary fever,liver fever,primary headache,and headache after drinking in clinical practice.It is the core prescription for the treatment of Chiba-type diseases and has high development value.There are differences in the use site,dosage ratio,usage and dosage of medicinal materials in different literatures,and the dosage has been clarified by textual research and expert consultation.Conclusion This study sorted out and clarified the key information of Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,which laid a theoretical foundation for the inheritance and development,innovative application and modernization research of the prescription.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of improving liver injury by enhancing the abundance of Akkermansia mu-ciniphila(AKK bacteria)with hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout during PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment.Methods:Hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout mice(genotype Yap1Flox/Flox;albumin-Cre,labeled as Yap1LKO)and control mice(genotype Yap1Flox/Flox,labeled Yap1Flox),aristolocholic acidⅠ(AAⅠ)and CCl4 were used to induce liver injury,Yap1LKO mice and Yap1Flox mice were randomly di-vided into control group and PD-1 monoclonal antibody group.After the intervention,real-time PCR detected changes in the abun-dance of AKK bacteria in the fecal microbial DNA of mice,16S rRNA gene sequencing further analyzes intestinal flora changes,the livers of mice were made into wax blocks for HE staining to observe the histopathological changes of the liver.Results:Yap1Flox mice exhibited balloon-like edema degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory factors in the manifold area,compared with Yap1Flox mice,Yap1LKO mice had reduced the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestine,fibrosis of the liver,and the degree of dam-age was more serious;PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment alone did not increase the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestines of mice,and fibrosis appeared in the liver;however,the abundance of intestinal AKK bacteria in Yap1LKO mice treated with PD-1 mono-clonal antibody increased,the ratio(F/B value)of Firmicutes to Bacteroides at the phylum level decreased,and the morphology of he-patocytes returned to normal and the degree of liver damage decreased.Conclusion:In AAⅠ and CCl4 induced liver injury mice,he-patocyte-specific Yap1 knockout reduced the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestine,and the degree of liver injury was more se-vere than that in Yap1Flox mice.When treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody,hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout could increase the abundance of AKK bacteria in the intestine,change the composition of intestinal flora,maintain intestinal homeostasis and ameliorate liver injury.

Aim To investigate the effect of ACSL4 on the malignant biological behavior of esophageal cancer cells and gefitinib resistance by regulating FASN,and to explore the related mechanism.Methods Thirty-five fresh esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent nor-mal tissues,and 30 esophageal cancer tissues with ge-fitinib resistance were collected.The expressions of ACSL4 and FASN were detected by qRT-PCR and im-munohistochemistry.The expression levels of ACSL4 and FASN in human normal esophageal cells HET-1 A,esophageal cancer cell lines ECA109,EC9706,TE-1 and TE-1/GR were detected by qRT-PCR.Cells in each group were constructed by liposome transfection technique,and the drug resistance and proliferation a-bility of cells were detected by cloning and CCK-8 as-say,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell,and EMT pathway protein expression was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with adjacent normal tis-sues,the expression of ACSL4 and FASN genes in cancer tissues increased,and there was a positive corre-lation.The expression of ACSL4 significantly increased in ECA109,EC9706 and TE-1 cells compared with HET-1 A cells.With the increase of gefitinib concen-tration,the expression of ACSL4 in TE-1 cells gradually increased,and the expression of ACSL4 in TE-1/GR cells was higher than that of TE-1.Compared with the control group and the si-NC group,the cell proliferation and invasion ability of si-ACSL4 group decreased,the number of apoptosis increased,the expression of E-Cadherin increased,and the expression of N-Cadherin,Vimentin and β-catenin decreased.The response ex-periment showed that compared with the si-ACSL4 group and the si-ACSL4+oe-NC group,the cells in the si-ACSL4+oe-FASN group increased drug resistance,increased proliferation and invasion ability,decreased apoptosis number and decreased expression of E-Cad-herin.The expressions of N-Cadherin,Vimentin and β-catenin increased.Conclusions By down-regulating the expression of FASN,ACSL4 reverses the resistance of esophageal cancer TE-1/GR cells to gefitinib and in-hibits the proliferation,invasion and accelerates apopto-sis of TE-1/GR cells,which may be related to the regu-lation of EMT signaling pathway.

Objective To propose a dynamic electrical impedance tomography imaging algorithm based on complementary information fusion network(CIFN)to enhance image quality of dynamic electrical impedance imaging.Methods There were three modules for initialization,multi-frame complementary information extraction and information fusion involved in the CIFN.Firstly,multi-frame dynamic conductivity distribution images were obtained by the initialization module;secondly,spatial complementary information was extracted from the images by using the multi-frame complementary information extraction module;finally,the fusion of lesion target distribution information and target re-reconstruction were realized by the information fusion module to aquire high-quality EIT images.With a 16-electrode multilayer cranial simulation model,the CIFN-based imaging method was compared with Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm in terms of imaging results of types of lesions to verify its performance.Results Compared with the Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm,the proposed CIFN-based algorithm exhibited the lowest mean absolute error(MAE)and the highest structural similarity(SSIM)when used to image different lesion targets,which accurately reconstructed the distribution of lesion targets and gained high imaging stability under common noise levels.Conclusion The proposed CIFN-based imaging algorithm obtains high imaging quality on a cranial simulation model and reconstruction results close to the real model distribution,which provides algorithmic support for subsequent clinical studies on electrical impedance imaging.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):1-6]

AIM:This study aims to investigate the sensitizing effects of lycorine(Lyc)in combination with cisplatin(Cis)on human osteosarcoma cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action.METHODS:Human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63,HOS,and cisplatin-resistant HOS/DDP cells were utilized to evaluate the effects of Lyc and cisplatin,both alone and in combination,on cell viability using the CCK8 assay.The clonogenic assay was performed to assess cell proliferation capacity,while the scratch assay evaluated the drugs' effects on cell migration.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were measured using a ROS assay kit,and changes in intracellular glutathione(GSH)levels were assessed with a GSH/oxidized glutathione(GSSG)assay kit.The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed via JC-1 staining to determine the drugs' effects on mitochondrial function.Intracellular iron(Ⅱ)content changes were detected us-ing FerrOrange,a fluorescence probe,and cellular malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were measured using an MDA assay kit.RT-qPCR was employed to evaluate the expression levels of key genes related to ferroptosis,and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect changes in the protein expression levels of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1),acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and transferrin re-ceptor(TFRC).RESULTS:Both Lyc and cisplatin effectively inhibited the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells.Notably,the combination of Lyc and cisplatin led to a more substantial reduction in cell viability,proliferation,and migra-tion abilities in MG63,HOS,and HOS/DDP cells compared to cisplatin alone.Additionally,this combination significant-ly increased ROS levels while decreasing GSH content,indicating mitochondrial damage and elevated iron(Ⅱ)and MDA levels.RT-qPCR results revealed that the combination treatment more significantly downregulated ferroptosis-promoting genes and upregulated ferroptosis-inhibiting genes compared to cisplatin treatment alone(P<0.05).Western blot results showed a slight decrease in GPX4 protein expression following Lyc and cisplatin treatment,while expression levels of YAP1,TFRC,ACSL4,and HO-1 were significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Lyc enhances the sensitivi-ty of MG63,HOS,and HOS/DDP cells to cisplatin by promoting ferroptosis through the YAP1/TFRC signaling pathway.

Objective To carry out a dynamic simulation analysis on the surgical process of the surgical robot for pedicle screw placement so as to enhance the safety of the procedure.Methods Firstly,the process of pedicle screw placement were analyzed to determine the three typical force conditions during pedicle screw track drilling including no-load condition,bone layer switching condition and spine dynamic displacement condition.Secondly,a virtual protype model of the surgical robot for pedicle screw placement was constructed with the automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS).Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the surgical robot were simulated and analyzed with considerations on the three typical force conditions.Results The driving torque of the robot joints was sensitive to the load applied to the end of the opener mechanism under a wide range of operating conditions.Conclusion The surgical robot meets the requirements for pedicle screw placment,and a new idea is provided for enhancing the accuracy of pedicle screw placement.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):32-37]

In order to explore the possible role and molecular mechanism of the combined action of leech and bear bile in liver and gallbladder diseases, this study first used network pharmacology methods to screen the components and targets of leech and bear bile, as well as the related target genes of liver and gallbladder diseases. The selected key genes were subjected to interaction network and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis. Then, using sodium oleate induced HepG2 cell lipid deposition model and DL-ethionine induced mouse fatty liver model, the activity of leech and bear bile alone and in combination in reducing liver fat was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and the expression of key pathway related proteins suggested by network pharmacology was detected by Western blot. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that the active ingredients of leech and bear bile have 295 intersecting targets with liver and gallbladder related diseases, involving more than 200 signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and phospholipase D signaling pathway closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism. The results of in vitro validation experiments showed that both leech and bear bile, alone and in combination, can significantly inhibit the lipid deposition induced by sodium oleate in human liver cells, reduce the triacylglycerol level in cell culture supernatant, and inhibit the lipid content in liver cells. The observation results of Nile red staining confocal microscopy showed that the combination of leech and bear bile had better activity in reducing lipid deposition in liver cells compared to using them alone. In a mouse fatty liver model, the combination of leech and bear bile can better reduce elevated organ indices, blood lipids, and liver lipid levels, as well as lower the levels of serum liver injury biomarkers. The animals used in this experiment and related disposal meet the requirements of animal welfare. Before the experiment, it was reviewed and approved by IACUC, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The Western blot experiment results showed that the combination of leech and bear bile can significantly upregulate the expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins, and increase the p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratios, which is consistent with the predicted results of network pharmacology. The combination of leech and bear bile has great potential for treating fatty liver disease, and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway may be one of the important mechanisms for reducing lipid deposition in liver cells.

Objective To systematically explore the prescription source,prescription composition,drug origin and processing,functional indications and clinical application of the classic Tibetan medicine Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,so as to provide scientific basis for its in-depth development,rational utilization and follow-up research.Methods By using methods of literature review,the ancient and modern Tibetan medical classics and modern literature such as'Ocha Jinmai' sporadic secret collection 'Zhigong Yi Suan Ji' were retrieved,and the prescription origin,medicinal material origin,processing technology,prescription solution,usage and dosage were studied and analyzed.Results The Sanwei Qiangwei Powder originated from the 'Ocha Jinmai'(《()》)written by Qiangba Minimatongwatundan in the 15th century.The book was written much earlier than the literature included in the 'Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions(Second Batch)'-the 'Selection of Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions·Longevity Baoru' in the 19th century.The prescription consists of 15 copies of Rosa rugosa,7 copies of Herpetospermum caudigerum,and 3 copies of Terminalia chebula Retz.It plays a significant effect on hepatobiliary diseases such as biliary fever,liver fever,primary headache,and headache after drinking in clinical practice.It is the core prescription for the treatment of Chiba-type diseases and has high development value.There are differences in the use site,dosage ratio,usage and dosage of medicinal materials in different literatures,and the dosage has been clarified by textual research and expert consultation.Conclusion This study sorted out and clarified the key information of Sanwei Qiangwei Powder,which laid a theoretical foundation for the inheritance and development,innovative application and modernization research of the prescription.

The genome tagging project (GTP) plays a pivotal role in addressing a critical gap in the understanding of protein functions. Within this framework, we successfully generated a human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged sperm-specific protein 411 (HA-tagged Ssp411) mouse model. This model is instrumental in probing the expression and function of Ssp411. Our research revealed that Ssp411 is expressed in the round spermatids, elongating spermatids, elongated spermatids, and epididymal spermatozoa. The comprehensive examination of the distribution of Ssp411 in these germ cells offers new perspectives on its involvement in spermiogenesis. Nevertheless, rigorous further inquiry is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanistic underpinnings of these functions. Ssp411 is not detectable in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes, or 2-cell stage embryos, highlighting its intricate role in early embryonic development. These findings not only advance our understanding of the role of Ssp411 in reproductive physiology but also significantly contribute to the overarching goals of the GTP, fostering groundbreaking advancements in the fields of spermiogenesis and reproductive biology.
Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatids/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Thioredoxins/genetics*

AIM:This study aims to investigate the sensitizing effects of lycorine(Lyc)in combination with cisplatin(Cis)on human osteosarcoma cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action.METHODS:Human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63,HOS,and cisplatin-resistant HOS/DDP cells were utilized to evaluate the effects of Lyc and cisplatin,both alone and in combination,on cell viability using the CCK8 assay.The clonogenic assay was performed to assess cell proliferation capacity,while the scratch assay evaluated the drugs' effects on cell migration.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were measured using a ROS assay kit,and changes in intracellular glutathione(GSH)levels were assessed with a GSH/oxidized glutathione(GSSG)assay kit.The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed via JC-1 staining to determine the drugs' effects on mitochondrial function.Intracellular iron(Ⅱ)content changes were detected us-ing FerrOrange,a fluorescence probe,and cellular malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were measured using an MDA assay kit.RT-qPCR was employed to evaluate the expression levels of key genes related to ferroptosis,and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect changes in the protein expression levels of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1),acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and transferrin re-ceptor(TFRC).RESULTS:Both Lyc and cisplatin effectively inhibited the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells.Notably,the combination of Lyc and cisplatin led to a more substantial reduction in cell viability,proliferation,and migra-tion abilities in MG63,HOS,and HOS/DDP cells compared to cisplatin alone.Additionally,this combination significant-ly increased ROS levels while decreasing GSH content,indicating mitochondrial damage and elevated iron(Ⅱ)and MDA levels.RT-qPCR results revealed that the combination treatment more significantly downregulated ferroptosis-promoting genes and upregulated ferroptosis-inhibiting genes compared to cisplatin treatment alone(P<0.05).Western blot results showed a slight decrease in GPX4 protein expression following Lyc and cisplatin treatment,while expression levels of YAP1,TFRC,ACSL4,and HO-1 were significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Lyc enhances the sensitivi-ty of MG63,HOS,and HOS/DDP cells to cisplatin by promoting ferroptosis through the YAP1/TFRC signaling pathway.