Objective To investigate the proportion of Th17 cells,Th1-like Th17 cells and FoxP3+Th17 cells in bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS),the expression of interleukin-17A(IL-17A)in bone marrow supernatant and its clinical significance.Methods Forty MDS patients(MDS group)and 18 patients with nutritional anemia(control group)were selected.MDS patients were classified into the low blast(MDS-LB)group(19 cases)and the increased blast(MDS-IB)group(21 cases,including 11 cases of type IB1 and 10 cases of type IB2)based on morphological definition.The MDS patients were scored according to the revised International Prognostic Scoring System(IPSS-R),with 18 cases in the low-risk group(≤4.5)and 22 cases in the high-risk group(>4.5).Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 cells,Th1-like Th17 cells and FoxP3+Th17 cells in bone marrow of the MDS group and the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the level of IL-17A in bone marrow supernatant of the above samples.Results The proportion of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A were higher in patients of the MDS group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).According to the median expression level of IL-17A,the MDS group was divided into the low-expression group(＜13.71 ng/L,20 cases)and the high-expression group(≥13.71 ng/L,20 cases).Compared with the low-expression group,there were higher proportion of patients with blast cells＜5%and low-risk patients(P＜0.05)in the high-expression group.Compared with the IL-17A low-expression group,the IL-17A high-expression group had a higher proportion of patients with blast cells＜5%and relatively low-risk patients(P＜0.05).Compared with the low-risk patients,high-risk patients had a lower proportion of Th17 cells,IL-17A levels and Th1-like Th17 cells,and a higher proportion of FoxP3+Th17 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the MDS-LB group,the MDS-IB group had a lower proportion of Th17 cells,IL-17A levels and Th1-like Th17 cells,and a higher proportion of FoxP3+Th17 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion The proportion of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A are significantly increased in MDS patients.The decreased proportion of Th1-like Th17 cells and the increased proportion of FoxP3+Th17 cells may be related to the increased proportion of blast cells and higher risk stratification in patients.

The lab module of exploratory experiment is newly designed in the practical course of bio-chemistry.Here we describe one of the experimental projects,and it originates from new scientific re-search results on the dynamic structure of ATP synthase.This exploratory experiment is organized in the form of real scientific research,which would fully mobilize the initiative and creativity of students in learning theoretical knowledge and experimental technology.Students work in groups and start with refer-ence reading.Through cooperation,they must develop certain experimental plan,handle samples with photocrosslinking technique and utilize the high-throughput electrophoresis method to analyze the dynamic structural change of ε subunit in ATP synthase under different physiological conditions.High quality re-sults from high-throughput electrophoresis can only be obtained through optimized operation and treat-ment,from which students would experience the process of technological innovation.The teaching process of this lab module embodies the student-centered teaching concept and is widely approved and supported by students.The project of ATP synthase closely combines the content of lab course with cut-ting-edge technology.Students can deeply experience the importance of experimental technology innova-tion in solving scientific problems.The practical ability of students would be comprehensively improved through this lab module.

This study explores the mechanism of Guben Jiannao Liquid on Alzheimer's disease(AD) by regulating autophagy based on the liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway. Male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, low-dose and high-dose groups of Guben Jiannao Liquid, and rapamycin group, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, all other groups of rats were injected bilaterally in the hippocampus with β-amyloid(Aβ)_(1-42) to establish the AD model. The low-dose(6.21 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(12.42 g·kg~(-1)) groups of Guben Jiannao Liquid and rapamycin group(1 mg·kg~(-1)) were given the corresponding drugs by gavage, and the blank and model groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage for four weeks. Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats in each group; hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological and quantitative changes of neurons and Nissl bodies in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus; immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect Aβ-positive cell expression in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus; transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe ultrastructural changes in rat hippocampal tissue, and Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of LKB1, p-AMPK/AMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR, Beclin1, p62, and LC3-Ⅱ in the hippocampal tissue of the rats. The results showed that compared with those in the blank group, rats in the model group had elevated evasion latency and decreased number of platform transversal and residence time in the platform quadrant. The number of neurons in the hippocampal area was reduced, and the morphology was impaired. The average integral optical density value of Aβ-positive cells was elevated; the expression levels of LKB1, p-AMPK/AMPK, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ were decreased, and the expression levels of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 were increased. Compared with those in the model group, rats in the low-dose and high-dose groups of Guben Jiannao Liquid had shorter evasion latency, higher number of platform transversal, longer residence time in the platform quadrant, increased number of neurons, decreased expression of Aβ-positive cells and average integral optical density values, and increased number of autophagic lysosomes in hippocampal tissue. The expression levels of LKB1, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ were elevated in the hippocampus of rats in the low-dose group of Guben Jiannao Liquid. The expression levels of LKB1, p-AMPK/AMPK, Beclin1, and LC3-Ⅱ were elevated in the hippocampal tissue of rats in the high-dose group of Guben Jiannao Liquid, and the expression levels of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 were decreased. The findings suggest that Guben Jiannao Liquid can improve cognitive impairment in AD rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and the up-regulation of autophagy level.
Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology* ; Male ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Rats ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Humans ; Hippocampus/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE T o carry out the health economics evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of the type b Hae-mophilus influenzae(Hib)vaccination for the children who were hospitalized due to Hib infection so as to provide evidence for public health policies.METHODS The children who were diagnosed with Hib-related respiratory tract infections or meningitis and were hospitalized in respiratory medicine department,infection management depart-ment,emergency rooms and neurology department of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from Jan.1,2021 to Dec.31,2023 were recruited as the research subjects.Based on a 1∶1 matching condition,the matching variables included four items such as the same age for the admission to the hospital,same gender,same department and same grade of disease severity.The children for whom the primary immunization of Hib vaccination(including Hib monovalent vaccine and Hib-containing combination vaccine)were completed and the integrity of vaccination infor-mation could be checked out were assigned as the intervention group,while the children for whom the primary im-munization of Hib vaccination was not completed were chosen as the control group.The clinical data,vaccination data and the data such as length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost were collected from the children.The cost-benefit of the Hib vaccination among the children with Hib infection was observed.RESULTS A total of 622 hospi-talized children who were detected with Hib-positive respiratory tract infections or meningitis were enrolled in the study,and 73 children(20 children from infection management department,27 children from respiratory medi-cine department,26 children from emergency rooms)were finally included in the intervention group after matc-hing and multiple rounds of screening,73 children were chosen as the control group based on a 1∶1 matching con-dition.The male children accounted for 57.53％(42 cases)in both groups,and the female children accounted for 42.47％(31 cases)in both groups.With the respect to the length of hospital stay,it was 7.00(5.00,8.00)days in the intervention group,7.00(6.00,8.00)days in the control group(Z=-0.341,P=0.733).In terms of the hospitalization cost,it was 7 756.17(6 617.92,10 617.69)yuan in the intervention group,9 040.65(8 033.76,10 935.84)yuan in the control group(Z=-2.795,P=0.005).The cost of Hib vaccination was 343.03 yuan per capita in the intervention group,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)was 1∶3.74(343.03 yuan/1 284.48 yuan).CONCLUSIONS The Hib vaccination can save the hospitalization cost and has high cost effectiveness.It is sugges-ted that the Hib vaccination should be promoted and the coverage rate of Hib vaccination should be raised among the age-eligible children.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is characterised by the persistent obstruction of the proximal pulmonary arteries by organized thrombi and peripheral microvascular disease,which can lead to right-sided heart failure and mortality.Pulmonary endarterectomy enables complete removal of visible obstructive elements within the pulmonary arteries and is recommended for operable patients.Nevertheless,over 40%of patients are precluded from pulmonary endarterectomy because of factors such as surgically inaccessible lesions,compromised general health status,or concurrent comorbidities or still with residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy.For inoperable patients or those with residual pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy,balloon pulmonary angioplasty is an effective therapeutic option,which could significantly improve the hemodynamic,exercise tolerance and outcome of the patients.With the emerging accumulation of clinical experience and evidence,2022 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society guidelines of pulmonary hypertension recommend balloon pulmonary angioplasty as an alternative therapeutic option for these patients.However,different types of lesions may have their own lesion characteristics,the strategy and device of balloon pulmonary angioplasty should thus be individually considered for different lesions,in fact,the success rate of treatment and the incidence rate of complications are varied significantly.Therefore,the aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the existing studies on balloon pulmonary angioplasty treatment strategies for different types of lesions and the management of complications to provide guidance and reference for clinicians.

Objective:To explore the current status of perceived vulnerability and its influencing factors among parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) .Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 220 parents of children with T1DM from the diabetes care and consultation outpatient clinic at Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June to November 2023. The parents were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Parental Perceived Vulnerability Scale, the Family Care Index, and the Parental Illness Uncertainty Scale.Results:A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, with 192 valid responses. The total score on the Parental Perceived Vulnerability Scale was (13.91±5.39), the total score on the Family Care Index was (5.39±2.73), and the total score on the Parental Illness Uncertainty Scale was (75.36±17.34). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that whether the child was an only child, family monthly income per capita, parents' religious beliefs, family care level, and illness uncertainty were significant influencing factors for perceived vulnerability ( P<0.05), explaining 36.5% of the variance. Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to parents who have only children, have lower family income, and do not have religious beliefs. Interventions aimed at improving family care levels and reducing illness uncertainty may help decrease the perceived vulnerability among parents of children with T1DM.

OBJECTIVE T o carry out the health economics evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of the type b Hae-mophilus influenzae(Hib)vaccination for the children who were hospitalized due to Hib infection so as to provide evidence for public health policies.METHODS The children who were diagnosed with Hib-related respiratory tract infections or meningitis and were hospitalized in respiratory medicine department,infection management depart-ment,emergency rooms and neurology department of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from Jan.1,2021 to Dec.31,2023 were recruited as the research subjects.Based on a 1∶1 matching condition,the matching variables included four items such as the same age for the admission to the hospital,same gender,same department and same grade of disease severity.The children for whom the primary immunization of Hib vaccination(including Hib monovalent vaccine and Hib-containing combination vaccine)were completed and the integrity of vaccination infor-mation could be checked out were assigned as the intervention group,while the children for whom the primary im-munization of Hib vaccination was not completed were chosen as the control group.The clinical data,vaccination data and the data such as length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost were collected from the children.The cost-benefit of the Hib vaccination among the children with Hib infection was observed.RESULTS A total of 622 hospi-talized children who were detected with Hib-positive respiratory tract infections or meningitis were enrolled in the study,and 73 children(20 children from infection management department,27 children from respiratory medi-cine department,26 children from emergency rooms)were finally included in the intervention group after matc-hing and multiple rounds of screening,73 children were chosen as the control group based on a 1∶1 matching con-dition.The male children accounted for 57.53％(42 cases)in both groups,and the female children accounted for 42.47％(31 cases)in both groups.With the respect to the length of hospital stay,it was 7.00(5.00,8.00)days in the intervention group,7.00(6.00,8.00)days in the control group(Z=-0.341,P=0.733).In terms of the hospitalization cost,it was 7 756.17(6 617.92,10 617.69)yuan in the intervention group,9 040.65(8 033.76,10 935.84)yuan in the control group(Z=-2.795,P=0.005).The cost of Hib vaccination was 343.03 yuan per capita in the intervention group,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)was 1∶3.74(343.03 yuan/1 284.48 yuan).CONCLUSIONS The Hib vaccination can save the hospitalization cost and has high cost effectiveness.It is sugges-ted that the Hib vaccination should be promoted and the coverage rate of Hib vaccination should be raised among the age-eligible children.

Objective To investigate the proportion of Th17 cells,Th1-like Th17 cells and FoxP3+Th17 cells in bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS),the expression of interleukin-17A(IL-17A)in bone marrow supernatant and its clinical significance.Methods Forty MDS patients(MDS group)and 18 patients with nutritional anemia(control group)were selected.MDS patients were classified into the low blast(MDS-LB)group(19 cases)and the increased blast(MDS-IB)group(21 cases,including 11 cases of type IB1 and 10 cases of type IB2)based on morphological definition.The MDS patients were scored according to the revised International Prognostic Scoring System(IPSS-R),with 18 cases in the low-risk group(≤4.5)and 22 cases in the high-risk group(>4.5).Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 cells,Th1-like Th17 cells and FoxP3+Th17 cells in bone marrow of the MDS group and the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the level of IL-17A in bone marrow supernatant of the above samples.Results The proportion of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A were higher in patients of the MDS group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).According to the median expression level of IL-17A,the MDS group was divided into the low-expression group(＜13.71 ng/L,20 cases)and the high-expression group(≥13.71 ng/L,20 cases).Compared with the low-expression group,there were higher proportion of patients with blast cells＜5%and low-risk patients(P＜0.05)in the high-expression group.Compared with the IL-17A low-expression group,the IL-17A high-expression group had a higher proportion of patients with blast cells＜5%and relatively low-risk patients(P＜0.05).Compared with the low-risk patients,high-risk patients had a lower proportion of Th17 cells,IL-17A levels and Th1-like Th17 cells,and a higher proportion of FoxP3+Th17 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the MDS-LB group,the MDS-IB group had a lower proportion of Th17 cells,IL-17A levels and Th1-like Th17 cells,and a higher proportion of FoxP3+Th17 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion The proportion of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A are significantly increased in MDS patients.The decreased proportion of Th1-like Th17 cells and the increased proportion of FoxP3+Th17 cells may be related to the increased proportion of blast cells and higher risk stratification in patients.

The lab module of exploratory experiment is newly designed in the practical course of bio-chemistry.Here we describe one of the experimental projects,and it originates from new scientific re-search results on the dynamic structure of ATP synthase.This exploratory experiment is organized in the form of real scientific research,which would fully mobilize the initiative and creativity of students in learning theoretical knowledge and experimental technology.Students work in groups and start with refer-ence reading.Through cooperation,they must develop certain experimental plan,handle samples with photocrosslinking technique and utilize the high-throughput electrophoresis method to analyze the dynamic structural change of ε subunit in ATP synthase under different physiological conditions.High quality re-sults from high-throughput electrophoresis can only be obtained through optimized operation and treat-ment,from which students would experience the process of technological innovation.The teaching process of this lab module embodies the student-centered teaching concept and is widely approved and supported by students.The project of ATP synthase closely combines the content of lab course with cut-ting-edge technology.Students can deeply experience the importance of experimental technology innova-tion in solving scientific problems.The practical ability of students would be comprehensively improved through this lab module.

Objective:To explore the current status of perceived vulnerability and its influencing factors among parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) .Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 220 parents of children with T1DM from the diabetes care and consultation outpatient clinic at Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June to November 2023. The parents were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Parental Perceived Vulnerability Scale, the Family Care Index, and the Parental Illness Uncertainty Scale.Results:A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, with 192 valid responses. The total score on the Parental Perceived Vulnerability Scale was (13.91±5.39), the total score on the Family Care Index was (5.39±2.73), and the total score on the Parental Illness Uncertainty Scale was (75.36±17.34). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that whether the child was an only child, family monthly income per capita, parents' religious beliefs, family care level, and illness uncertainty were significant influencing factors for perceived vulnerability ( P<0.05), explaining 36.5% of the variance. Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to parents who have only children, have lower family income, and do not have religious beliefs. Interventions aimed at improving family care levels and reducing illness uncertainty may help decrease the perceived vulnerability among parents of children with T1DM.