ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) activity of luteolin and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsLuteolin was identified as the primary active compound from the polyphenol extract ofF. diotrys using network pharmacology. Its efficacy was evaluated against two MP strains: the standard strain M129 and the multidrug-resistant strain M19. A modified culture medium with visual characteristics was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin. The expression of key proteins involved in MP growth and pathogenicity was assessed by qRT-PCR following luteolin treatment. Additionally, the viability of A549 cells infected with MP was compared between luteolin-treated and untreated groups. In vivo anti-MP activity was evaluated using a mouse model, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was analyzed. ResultsLuteolin effectively inhibited both MP strains, with MIC₉₀ values of 100 mg/L for M19 and M129. Treatment with luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of adhesion proteins P1 and P30 in both strains. However, the expression of P65, HMW3, TrmB, and CARDS TX was reduced only in the M19 strain following luteolin intervention. Luteolin also enhanced the growth and viability of A549 cells infected with MP. In the mouse model, luteolin treatment resulted in steady weight gain and was well tolerated. The bacteriostatic rate of luteolin in lung tissues was 50.7%, significantly higher than the 25.2% observed in the roxithromycin group. Furthermore, luteolin reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1, in MP-infected mice. ConclusionLuteolin effectively and safely inhibits the proliferation and pathogenicity of MP, particularly the drug-resistant M19 strain, by downregulating the expression of toxicity-associated proteins (P1, P30, P65, HMW3, TrmB, CARDS TX) and modulating host inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating MP infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant strains.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) activity of luteolin and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MethodsLuteolin was identified as the primary active compound from the polyphenol extract ofF. diotrys using network pharmacology. Its efficacy was evaluated against two MP strains: the standard strain M129 and the multidrug-resistant strain M19. A modified culture medium with visual characteristics was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin. The expression of key proteins involved in MP growth and pathogenicity was assessed by qRT-PCR following luteolin treatment. Additionally, the viability of A549 cells infected with MP was compared between luteolin-treated and untreated groups. In vivo anti-MP activity was evaluated using a mouse model, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues was analyzed. ResultsLuteolin effectively inhibited both MP strains, with MIC₉₀ values of 100 mg/L for M19 and M129. Treatment with luteolin significantly downregulated the expression of adhesion proteins P1 and P30 in both strains. However, the expression of P65, HMW3, TrmB, and CARDS TX was reduced only in the M19 strain following luteolin intervention. Luteolin also enhanced the growth and viability of A549 cells infected with MP. In the mouse model, luteolin treatment resulted in steady weight gain and was well tolerated. The bacteriostatic rate of luteolin in lung tissues was 50.7%, significantly higher than the 25.2% observed in the roxithromycin group. Furthermore, luteolin reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1, in MP-infected mice. ConclusionLuteolin effectively and safely inhibits the proliferation and pathogenicity of MP, particularly the drug-resistant M19 strain, by downregulating the expression of toxicity-associated proteins (P1, P30, P65, HMW3, TrmB, CARDS TX) and modulating host inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating MP infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant strains.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and molecule characteristics of EWSR1::CREM fusion malignant epithelioid neoplasm in soft tissue.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 2 cases of EWSR1::CREM fusion malignant epithelioid neoplasm in soft tissue diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China from May 2023 to May 2024 were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. Relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were one male and one female patients, aged 35 and 29 years, respectively. The tumors developed in the somatic soft tissue, including calf and chest wall, and were 6.0 and 6.2 cm in size, respectively. The imaging studies suggested space-occupying lesions in muscle tissue. Case 1 did not involve the bone, while Case 2 showed fracture of the 8th rib. Microscopically, a fibrous pseudocapsule surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells was identified. The tumors were composed of small to medium-sized round and short spindle-shaped cells, showing nodular or sheet-like pattern. The tumor cells showed round nuclear outline, coarse chromatin with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells showed diffuse positivity of ALK (D5F3), MUM1 and Syn, focal or patchy positivity of CKpan, EMA, S-100, NSE, WT-1 and SMA, and a high Ki-67 index (20%-30%). FISH demonstrated break-apart signals of EWSR1 gene in the 2 cases. NGS revealed EWSR1::CREM gene fusion. Case 2 showed an ATRX gene mutation. The two patients were free of recurrence or metastasis at the 10-month and 1-month follow-up, respectively.Conclusions:EWSR1::CREM fusion malignant epithelioid neoplasm is rare and lacks distinctive morphological and immunohistochemical features. FISH and NGS can help make a definitive diagnosis.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and molecule characteristics of EWSR1::CREM fusion malignant epithelioid neoplasm in soft tissue.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 2 cases of EWSR1::CREM fusion malignant epithelioid neoplasm in soft tissue diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China from May 2023 to May 2024 were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. Relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were one male and one female patients, aged 35 and 29 years, respectively. The tumors developed in the somatic soft tissue, including calf and chest wall, and were 6.0 and 6.2 cm in size, respectively. The imaging studies suggested space-occupying lesions in muscle tissue. Case 1 did not involve the bone, while Case 2 showed fracture of the 8th rib. Microscopically, a fibrous pseudocapsule surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells was identified. The tumors were composed of small to medium-sized round and short spindle-shaped cells, showing nodular or sheet-like pattern. The tumor cells showed round nuclear outline, coarse chromatin with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells showed diffuse positivity of ALK (D5F3), MUM1 and Syn, focal or patchy positivity of CKpan, EMA, S-100, NSE, WT-1 and SMA, and a high Ki-67 index (20%-30%). FISH demonstrated break-apart signals of EWSR1 gene in the 2 cases. NGS revealed EWSR1::CREM gene fusion. Case 2 showed an ATRX gene mutation. The two patients were free of recurrence or metastasis at the 10-month and 1-month follow-up, respectively.Conclusions:EWSR1::CREM fusion malignant epithelioid neoplasm is rare and lacks distinctive morphological and immunohistochemical features. FISH and NGS can help make a definitive diagnosis.

Aim To analyze the differences in plasma biomarkers and metabolic pathways between Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana after intervention in spleen deficiency rats, and discuss the spleen strengthening mechanism of the two from a non targeted metabolomics perspective. Methods A spleen deficiency model was established in SD rats using a composite factor method of improper diet, excessive fatigue, and bitter cold diarrhea. To determine the content of gastrointestinal and immunological indicators, UHPLC-QE-MS technology was used, combined with principal component analysis (PC A) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) methods to search for biomarkers in plasma of spleen deficiency rats, and metabolic pathways were induced using the Pathway database. Results After administration of Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana, various indicators in plasma of spleen deficiency rats showed varying degrees of regression. Metabolomics analysis showed that Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana respectively recalled 70 and 82 plasma differential metabolites. Atractylodes chinensis mainly regulated two metabolic pathways : "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and "Thiamine metabolism". Atractylodes coreana mainly regulated five metabolic pathways, "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism", "Thiamine metabolism, "Pyrimidine metabolism", "Butanoate metabolism", and "Riboflavin metabolism". Conclusions Both Atractylodes chinensis and Atractylodes coreana have certain regulatory effects on spleen deficiency rats, and their mechanism of action may be related to regulating metabolic pathways such as "Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and "Thiamine metabolism"in spleen deficiency.

Objective To investigate the current situation of skin tests for β-lactams in 155 hospitals in Beijing.Methods The questionnaires were sent to medical institutions in Beijing to statistically described the current situation of β-lactams skin test,and the relevant influencing factors were analyzed by Fisher exact test,and Chi-square test.Results A total of 3 097 questionnaires were received from 155 medical institutions,of which 3 057 were valid questionnaires(effective rate is 98.71％).In this study,122 hospitals conducted skin test before using intravenous penicillins,accounting for 99.19％of 123 hospitals with intravenous penicillins.Hospitals with infectious disease pharmacists conducted more skin tests before using intravenous penicillins(98.59％vs 88.46％,P＜0.001),and some hospitals didn't conduct skin tests before using oral penicillins.Seventy hospitals(45.16％)had not yet cancelled skin tests for cephalosporins,more hospitals with infectious disease pharmacists cancelled routine skin test(59.74％vs 50.00％,P＜0.05),and more tertiary hospitals cancelled cephalosporin skin test(80.65％vs 51.40％,29.41％,all P＜0.01).After the promulgation of the"Guiding Principle for Skin Test of β-lactams(2021 edition)",more primary hospitals have developed or updated the rules or regulation for skin test of β-lactams according to the Guiding Principle,compared with secondary hospitals(72.22％vs 41.18％,P＜0.05).Hospitals with infectious disease pharmacists developed or updated the rules or regulation for skin test of β-lactams in their hospitals(78.57％vs 60.00％,P＜0.05).Infectious disease pharmacists had promoting effect on the publicity of the rules or regulation of skin test in the hospital(92.65％vs 80.46％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Many hospitals in Beijing have not cancelled cephalosporins skin test,and the current situation of cancelling cephalosporins skin test in tertiary hospitals is better than that in primary and secondary hospitals.

Objective To analyze the current research status and hotspot issues of performance assessment in tertia-ry public hospitals in China,providing reference for subsequent research and practice.Methods Using"performance assessment of tertiary public hospitals"as the main keyword,a total of 520 articles were retrieved from the CNKI ac-ademic journal database from January 30,2019,to January 30,2024.After further screening of literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 364 eligible articles were obtained.Visual analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer tool.Results The number of publications increased annually from 2019 to 2021,with a decline ob-served in 2022-2023."Chinese Journal of Health"published the most articles on performance assessment in tertiary public hospitals.Research institutions mainly focused on universities,health administrative departments,and hospi-tals.The hotspot clusters of research included performance assessment,public hospitals,target management,high-quality development,tertiary hospitals,and operational efficiency.Conclusion Performance assessment in tertia-ry public hospitals has received widespread attention,with rich connotations and obvious guiding effects,but further research is needed to deepen and explore related topics.