Bovine rotavirus(BRV)is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in calves.To understand the genomic charac-teristics and genetic variations in bovine rotavirus,and to further enrich data on the biological characteristics of rotavirus,we aimed to amplify 11 gene segments of the isolated and cultured G6P[1]bovine rotavirus BLL strain,perform whole genome se-quencing,and analyze the molecular characteristics.MEGA7.0 and DNAMAN software were used for homology and typing a-nalysis,and the whole genome phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze genetic evolution relationships.The complete geno-type of the BLL strain was G6-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes of the BLL strain showed that the VP7 gene had the highest homology with RVA/Cow-wt/HB01/China/2021,and the VP4 gene of the BLL strain was in the same branch as RVA/Human-tc/ISR/Ro8059/1995.From the sequence alignment of VP8*amino acids,the sialic acid domain of the BLL strain was found to be similar to that in other P[1]strains,but different from those in other types of strains,except for residue 189,which was the same as that in Ro8059 but different from that in other strains.The results suggested that the BLL strain might potentially infect humans.Therefore,continued monitoring and study of the biological characteristics of this strain are necessary to provide more information and evidence supporting further research on the cross-species transmission of group A rotavirus in China.

Objective To explore the reliability of the reagent burstbead for field blood transfusion compatibility testing by applying it to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests and conduting parallel contrast with the existing arrays.Methods A field treatment shelter was used as the testing site to simulate the scene of emergency blood transfusion for the wounded under the conditions of field blood station,and 1 358 pieces of blood samples sent to some hospital for examination before transfusion were considered as the objects.Parallel contrast tests were carried out between the reagent burstbead method and the tube method for bloodtype detection and between the reagent burstbead method and the manual polybrene method for antibody screening and cross matching.The reagent burstbead method was compared with other methods in terms of the coin-cidence rate of the bloodtype detection results,the detection rate of positive samples for antibody screening and crossmatch incompatibility.Results The reagent burstbead method and the tube method had high consistency when used for bloodtype detection,with the coincidence rate being 100％.During antibody screening and cross matching tests,the reagent burstbead method found 5 cases of antibody-positive samples leading to major crossmatch incompatibility(positive rate being 0.37％),the manual polybrene method detected 2 cases of irregular antibody-positive samples(positive rate being 0.15％),and the two methods both identified 3 cases of minor crossmatch incompatibility.Conclusion The reagent burstbead has high accuracy and reliability when applied to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests,and thus can be used for blood transfusion compatibility testing in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):39-42]

Aim To investigate the protective effect of ganglioside(GM1)on ischemic-hypoxic brain injury(HIBI)in neonatal rats and the related mechanism.Methods Eighty,7-day old SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operated group(sham),HIBM group,GM1 group and GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group(GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor),with 20 rats in each group.After successful construction of the HIBI model,the neonatal rats were injected intrap-eritoneally with GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for three days in the GM1 group.The neonatal rats were given intraperitoneal injection of GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)after a one-time injection of PIM-1 inhibitor(5 mg·kg-1)into the lateral ventricle for three days in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group.Sham and HIBI groups were injected intraperitoneally with equal amounts of saline.Longa method was uses to assess the neurologi-cal impairment;TTC staining was used to detect the volume ratio of cerebral infarction;HE staining was used to observe the hippocampal histopathology;TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons;ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampal tissues;Western blot was used to detect PIM-1/PI3K/Akt sig-naling pathway proteins and pyroptosis-related proteins(NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1 p20,GSDMD-N).Results Compared with the sham group,the Longa score,cere-bral infarct volume,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the HIBI group.Compared with the HIBI group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuro-nal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly lower(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in the GM1 group of neonatal rats.Compared with the GM1 group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expres-sion were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group of neonatal rats.Conclusion GM1 ameliorates HIBI in neonatal rats by a mechanism related to activation of the PIM-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of hippocampal neuronal pyrop-tosis.

Tumor cell-intrinsic programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signals mediate tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, but their effects in ameloblastoma (AM) have not been reported. In this comprehensive study, we observed marked upregulation of PD-L1 in AM tissues and revealed the robust correlation between elevated PD-L1 expression and increased tumor growth and recurrence rates. Notably, we found that PD-L1 overexpression markedly increased self-renewal capacity and promoted tumorigenic processes and invasion in hTERT⁺-AM cells, whereas genetic ablation of PD-L1 exerted opposing inhibitory effects. By performing high-resolution single-cell profiling and thorough immunohistochemical analyses in AM patients, we delineated the intricate cellular landscape and elucidated the mechanisms underlying the aggressive phenotype and unfavorable prognosis of these tumors. Our findings revealed that hTERT⁺-AM cells with upregulated PD-L1 expression exhibit increased proliferative potential and stem-like attributes and undergo partial epithelial‒mesenchymal transition. This phenotypic shift is induced by the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis; thus, this study revealed a crucial regulatory mechanism that fuels tumor growth and recurrence. Importantly, targeted inhibition of the PD-L1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis significantly suppressed the growth of AM patient-derived tumor organoids, highlighting the potential of PD-L1 blockade as a promising therapeutic approach for AM.
Ameloblastoma/metabolism* ; Humans ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology* ; Signal Transduction ; Cell Proliferation ; Up-Regulation ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Telomerase/metabolism* ; Jaw Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Male

Bovine rotavirus(BRV)is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in calves.To understand the genomic charac-teristics and genetic variations in bovine rotavirus,and to further enrich data on the biological characteristics of rotavirus,we aimed to amplify 11 gene segments of the isolated and cultured G6P[1]bovine rotavirus BLL strain,perform whole genome se-quencing,and analyze the molecular characteristics.MEGA7.0 and DNAMAN software were used for homology and typing a-nalysis,and the whole genome phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze genetic evolution relationships.The complete geno-type of the BLL strain was G6-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes of the BLL strain showed that the VP7 gene had the highest homology with RVA/Cow-wt/HB01/China/2021,and the VP4 gene of the BLL strain was in the same branch as RVA/Human-tc/ISR/Ro8059/1995.From the sequence alignment of VP8*amino acids,the sialic acid domain of the BLL strain was found to be similar to that in other P[1]strains,but different from those in other types of strains,except for residue 189,which was the same as that in Ro8059 but different from that in other strains.The results suggested that the BLL strain might potentially infect humans.Therefore,continued monitoring and study of the biological characteristics of this strain are necessary to provide more information and evidence supporting further research on the cross-species transmission of group A rotavirus in China.

Objective To explore the reliability of the reagent burstbead for field blood transfusion compatibility testing by applying it to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests and conduting parallel contrast with the existing arrays.Methods A field treatment shelter was used as the testing site to simulate the scene of emergency blood transfusion for the wounded under the conditions of field blood station,and 1 358 pieces of blood samples sent to some hospital for examination before transfusion were considered as the objects.Parallel contrast tests were carried out between the reagent burstbead method and the tube method for bloodtype detection and between the reagent burstbead method and the manual polybrene method for antibody screening and cross matching.The reagent burstbead method was compared with other methods in terms of the coin-cidence rate of the bloodtype detection results,the detection rate of positive samples for antibody screening and crossmatch incompatibility.Results The reagent burstbead method and the tube method had high consistency when used for bloodtype detection,with the coincidence rate being 100％.During antibody screening and cross matching tests,the reagent burstbead method found 5 cases of antibody-positive samples leading to major crossmatch incompatibility(positive rate being 0.37％),the manual polybrene method detected 2 cases of irregular antibody-positive samples(positive rate being 0.15％),and the two methods both identified 3 cases of minor crossmatch incompatibility.Conclusion The reagent burstbead has high accuracy and reliability when applied to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests,and thus can be used for blood transfusion compatibility testing in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):39-42]

The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including gene expression, metabolic regulation, immune response, and the sleep-wake cycle in living organisms. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms to maintain the precise oscillation of the circadian clock. By modulating the stability, activity, cell localization and protein-protein interactions of core clock proteins, PTMs enable these proteins to respond dynamically to environmental and intracellular changes, thereby sustaining the periodic oscillations of the circadian clock. Different types of PTMs exert their effects through distincting molecular mechanisms, collectively ensuring the proper function of the circadian system. This review systematically summarized several major types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidative modification, and overviewed their roles in regulating the core clock proteins and the associated pathways, with the goals of providing a theoretical foundation for the deeper understanding of clock mechanisms and the treatment of diseases associated with circadian disruption.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/physiology* ; Circadian Clocks/physiology* ; Phosphorylation ; Acetylation ; Ubiquitination ; Sumoylation

OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence and disease burden of congenital birth defects in children under five in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the incidence of congenital birth defects in this population from 2022 to 2036, providing a reference for the prevention of congenital birth defects in children. METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database, the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were employed to describe the disease burden. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in incidence and DALY rates of congenital birth defects in children under five. A grey prediction model GM(1,1) was applied to fit the trend of incidence rates of congenital birth defects in this age group and to predict the incidence from 2022 to 2036. RESULTS: In 2021, the incidence rate of congenital birth defects among children under five in China was 737.28 per 100 000. Among these, congenital musculoskeletal and limb deformities had the highest incidence rate at 307.15 per 100 000, followed by congenital heart defects (223.53 per 100 000), congenital urinary and genital tract malformations (74.99 per 100 000), and congenital gastrointestinal malformations (62.61 per 100 000). From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate and DALY rate of congenital birth defects in children under five in China decreased at an average annual rate of 1.73% and 5.42%, respectively. The prediction analysis indicated a decreasing trend in the incidence of congenital birth defects among children under five in China from 2022 to 2036, with the incidence rate dropping from 892.36 per 100 000 in 2022 to 783.35 per 100 000 in 2036. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and disease burden of congenital birth defects in children under five in China showed a significant declining trend from 1990 to 2021. It is predicted that this incidence will continue to decrease until 2036.
Humans ; Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Male ; Forecasting ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years

Aim To investigate the protective effect of ganglioside(GM1)on ischemic-hypoxic brain injury(HIBI)in neonatal rats and the related mechanism.Methods Eighty,7-day old SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operated group(sham),HIBM group,GM1 group and GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group(GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor),with 20 rats in each group.After successful construction of the HIBI model,the neonatal rats were injected intrap-eritoneally with GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for three days in the GM1 group.The neonatal rats were given intraperitoneal injection of GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)after a one-time injection of PIM-1 inhibitor(5 mg·kg-1)into the lateral ventricle for three days in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group.Sham and HIBI groups were injected intraperitoneally with equal amounts of saline.Longa method was uses to assess the neurologi-cal impairment;TTC staining was used to detect the volume ratio of cerebral infarction;HE staining was used to observe the hippocampal histopathology;TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons;ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampal tissues;Western blot was used to detect PIM-1/PI3K/Akt sig-naling pathway proteins and pyroptosis-related proteins(NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1 p20,GSDMD-N).Results Compared with the sham group,the Longa score,cere-bral infarct volume,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the HIBI group.Compared with the HIBI group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuro-nal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly lower(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in the GM1 group of neonatal rats.Compared with the GM1 group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expres-sion were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group of neonatal rats.Conclusion GM1 ameliorates HIBI in neonatal rats by a mechanism related to activation of the PIM-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of hippocampal neuronal pyrop-tosis.

Objective To analyse the clinical efficacy of low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method(also called Ziwu Liuzhu Acupuncture,referring to the needling method based on acupoints selection according to qi and blood movement following heavenly-stems and earthly-branches cycle)in treating low myopia in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 84 cases(168 eyes)of children with low myopia who received treatment at the Outpatient Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2022.The children were divided into two groups according to the different treatment protocols:42 cases(84 eyes)treated with acupuncture combined with conventional optometry as the control group,and 42 cases(84 eyes)treated with low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method combined with conventional optometry as the observation group,and the treatment course of both groups was 24 weeks.The changes of refractive error and axial length before and after treatment were observed,and the clinical efficacy in the two groups of children were evaluated.Results(1)After treatment,there being statistically significant differences in the refractive error between the two groups of the children(P＜0.05),and the differential value of the refractive error of the children between the two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,there being statistically significant differences in the axial length of the children in both groups(P＜0.05).The differential value of axial lengths of the children between the two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)The total effective rate of the observation group was 84.52%(71/84),and which of the control group was 63.10%(53/84),the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method in treating low myopia in children can effectively postpone the degree of myopia,and decrease the growth of the axis,with exact therapeutic effect.