Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Yichang City from 2019 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective intervention measures in the future. Methods By random cluster sampling , 7 schools in urban areas and 5 schools in suburban counties were selected to screen common diseases such as myopia, dental caries, obesity and abnormal spinal curvature. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed for statistical analysis. Results A total of 17 023 primary and secondary school students were screened from 2019 to 2022. The overall detection rate of common diseases from high to low was myopia (54.12%), caries (36.75%), overweight (15.17%), obesity (11.88%), malnutrition (5.80%), and abnormal spinal curvature (3.49%). The detection rates of myopia and abnormal curvature of the spine showed an increasing trend with years and school stages, while the detection rates of malnutrition and dental caries showed a decreasing trend with years and school stages. The detection rates of overweight and obesity showed no trend difference with years, and the detection rates of obesity showed a decreasing trend with school stages. The rates of myopia, overweight and obesity were higher in urban areas than those in suburban counties, and the rate of dental caries was higher in suburban counties than that in urban areas. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and malnutrition in boys was higher than that in girls. The prevalence of myopia and dental caries in girls was higher than that in boys. The above differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Myopia, dental caries, obesity, and abnormal curvature of the spine are the current focus of the prevention and treatment of common diseases in students. There are great differences between different regions, school stages, and genders. The ^“tripartite linkage^” of schools, families, and communities should be achieved with the joint efforts of the education and health departments to actively take targeted intervention measures to reduce the prevalence.

Objective To utilize the dental implant robot in the clinical instruction of oral implantology in order to popularize the technology and serve the medical education.Methods The effectiveness of the robotics teaching approach was assessed through a questionnaire.Results The dental implant robot technology has certain advantages in the clinical teaching of oral implant majors.Conclusion With the increasing popularity of digital implantation,the emerging dental implant robot has a wide range of applications and many advantages.It is very necessary to introduce it into the clinical teaching of oral implant majors.

Bovine rotavirus(BRV)is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in calves.To understand the genomic charac-teristics and genetic variations in bovine rotavirus,and to further enrich data on the biological characteristics of rotavirus,we aimed to amplify 11 gene segments of the isolated and cultured G6P[1]bovine rotavirus BLL strain,perform whole genome se-quencing,and analyze the molecular characteristics.MEGA7.0 and DNAMAN software were used for homology and typing a-nalysis,and the whole genome phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze genetic evolution relationships.The complete geno-type of the BLL strain was G6-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes of the BLL strain showed that the VP7 gene had the highest homology with RVA/Cow-wt/HB01/China/2021,and the VP4 gene of the BLL strain was in the same branch as RVA/Human-tc/ISR/Ro8059/1995.From the sequence alignment of VP8*amino acids,the sialic acid domain of the BLL strain was found to be similar to that in other P[1]strains,but different from those in other types of strains,except for residue 189,which was the same as that in Ro8059 but different from that in other strains.The results suggested that the BLL strain might potentially infect humans.Therefore,continued monitoring and study of the biological characteristics of this strain are necessary to provide more information and evidence supporting further research on the cross-species transmission of group A rotavirus in China.

Depression is a prevalent mental and emotional disor-der that often results in significant emotional disturbances,cog-nitive dysfunction,and memory impairments.It is characterized by a high incidence rate,a substantial disability burden,and limited therapeutic efficacy.Currently,the long-term use of medications for the treatment of depression can result in a range of adverse reactions,highlighting the urgent need to explore no-vel approaches that can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms while minimizing side effects.Curcumin,a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the rhizome of turmeric,demonstrates considerable potential in the prevention and treatment of depres-sion,owing to its diverse array of biological activities.In recent years,numerous studies have investigated the use of curcumin for the treatment of depression.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms of action underlying curcumin's efficacy in treating depression.Specifically,it focu-ses on its ability to improve neurotransmitter imbalances,restore neural plasticity,alleviate neural damage,mitigate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,regulate in-flammatory factors and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways,and inhibit oxidative stress.This review is intended to offer in-sights and methodological references for basic research on curcu-min,as well as for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of depression.

The present study aimed to explore whether hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) improved hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in rats by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-pyroptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group, normal+NaHS group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+NaHS group, with 6 rats in each group. The control group rats were placed in a normoxic (21% O₂) environment and received daily intraperitoneal injections of an equal volume of normal saline. The normal+NaHS group rats were placed in a normoxic environment and intraperitoneally injected with 14 μmol/kg NaHS daily. The hypoxia group rats were placed in a hypoxia chamber, and the oxygen controller inside the chamber maintained the oxygen concentration at 9% to 10% by controlling the N₂ flow rate. An equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally every day. The hypoxia+NaHS group rats were also placed in an hypoxia chamber and intraperitoneally injected with 14 μmol/kg NaHS daily. After the completion of the four-week modeling, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of each group was measured using right heart catheterization technique, and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was weighed and calculated. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue, Masson staining was used to observe fibrosis of lung tissue, and Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), GSDMD-N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N), Caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in lung tissue. The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, there were no significant changes in all indexes in the normal+NaHS group, while the hypoxia group exhibited significantly increased mPAP and RVHI, thickened pulmonary vascular wall, narrowed lumen, increased collagen fibers, up-regulated expression levels of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins (HK2 and PKM2), up-regulated expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, GSDMD-N, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18), and increased contents of IL-1β and IL-18. These changes of the above indexes in the hypoxia group were significantly reversed by NaHS. These results suggest that H₂S can improve rat HPH by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis-pyroptosis.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Hydrogen Sulfide/therapeutic use* ; Hypoxia/complications* ; Rats ; Pyroptosis/drug effects*

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of lung zinc ions to pathogenesis of lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, lung I/R group (I/R group), lung I/R + low-dose zinc chloride group (LZnCl₂+I/R group), lung I/R + high-dose ZnCl₂ group (HZnCl₂+I/R group), lung I/R + medium-dose ZnCl₂ group (MZnCl₂+I/R group) and TPEN+MZnCl₂+I/R group (n = 8 in each group). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the concentration of zinc ions in lung tissue. The degree of lung tissue injury was analyzed by observing HE staining, alveolar damage index, lung wet/dry weight ratio and lung tissue gross changes. TUNEL staining was used to detect cellular apoptosis in lung tissue. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to determine the protein expression levels of caspase-3 and ZIP8, as well as the mRNA expression levels of zinc transporters (ZIP, ZNT) in lung tissue. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of lung tissue was detected by JC-1 MMP detection kit. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the lung tissue damage, lung wet/dry weight ratio and alveolar damage index were significantly increased in the I/R group. And in the lung tissue, the concentration of Zn²⁺ was markedly decreased, while the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio and apoptotic levels were significantly increased. The expression levels of ZIP8 mRNA and protein were down-regulated significantly, while the mRNA expression of other zinc transporters remained unchanged. There was also a significant decrease in MMP. Compared with the I/R group, both MZnCl₂+I/R group and HZnCl₂+I/R group exhibited significantly reduced lung tissue injury, lung wet/dry weight ratio and alveolar damage index, increased Zn²⁺ concentration, decreased ratio of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 and apoptosis, and up-regulated expression levels of ZIP8 mRNA and protein. In addition, the MMP was significantly increased in the lung tissue. Zn²⁺ chelating agent TPEN reversed the above-mentioned protective effects of medium-dose ZnCl₂ on the lung tissue in the I/R group. The aforementioned results suggest that exogenous administration of ZnCl₂ can improve lung I/R injury in rats.
Animals ; Reperfusion Injury/pathology* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Chlorides/administration & dosage* ; Lung/pathology* ; Zinc Compounds/administration & dosage* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism*

Aim To investigate the protective effect of ganglioside(GM1)on ischemic-hypoxic brain injury(HIBI)in neonatal rats and the related mechanism.Methods Eighty,7-day old SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operated group(sham),HIBM group,GM1 group and GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group(GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor),with 20 rats in each group.After successful construction of the HIBI model,the neonatal rats were injected intrap-eritoneally with GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for three days in the GM1 group.The neonatal rats were given intraperitoneal injection of GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)after a one-time injection of PIM-1 inhibitor(5 mg·kg-1)into the lateral ventricle for three days in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group.Sham and HIBI groups were injected intraperitoneally with equal amounts of saline.Longa method was uses to assess the neurologi-cal impairment;TTC staining was used to detect the volume ratio of cerebral infarction;HE staining was used to observe the hippocampal histopathology;TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons;ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampal tissues;Western blot was used to detect PIM-1/PI3K/Akt sig-naling pathway proteins and pyroptosis-related proteins(NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1 p20,GSDMD-N).Results Compared with the sham group,the Longa score,cere-bral infarct volume,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the HIBI group.Compared with the HIBI group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuro-nal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly lower(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in the GM1 group of neonatal rats.Compared with the GM1 group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expres-sion were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group of neonatal rats.Conclusion GM1 ameliorates HIBI in neonatal rats by a mechanism related to activation of the PIM-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of hippocampal neuronal pyrop-tosis.

Geriatric oral health care encounters significant challenges with the increase in the proportion of older individuals. Age-related changes in the dentition, muscles, and joints result in a decline in objective masticatory function, subjective restoration requirements, and acceptability among the elderly population, with individual variations influenced by systemic health. Considering functional requirements, the adaptability of stomatognathic and systemic health conditions, health economics and other factors, the authors believe that it should not be limited to the conventional "one-to-one" strategy for replacing missing teeth in geriatric prosthodontics. There is an urgent need for a precise and adaptable restoration strategy that is more suitable for older individuals. The proposal of a new concept of functional tooth loss updates the minimal restoration standards for elderly patients and establishes the theory of age-friendly functional restoration. Based on the restoration strategy of functional tooth loss, this paper proposes a new concept termed "age-friendly functional restoration of the stomatognathic system", which integrates treatment considerations including endodontics, periodontology, mucosa, muscles, temporomandibular joint, and systemic health. Efforts should be made in four areas as follows. Firstly, the "assessment of accessible function" should be enhanced by considering the interrelationship between stomatognathic and systemic health. Secondly, the "evaluation of appropriate function" is supposed to be optimised in view of subjective needs and objective evaluation of the stomatognathic system. Moreover, the "formulation of treatment plans" needs to be accomplished with the aid of assistive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to accurately exert appropriate functional restoration. Lastly, the "management and maintenance of health" is likely to be strengthened through follow-ups, propaganda and education, and preventive healthcare, so as to improve quality of life and ultimately achieve healthy ageing among older individuals.
Humans ; Tooth Loss/therapy* ; Aged ; Stomatognathic System ; Oral Health ; Dental Care for Aged ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods*

In recent years, digital bone harvesting and grafting technology in dental implantology has emerged as a cutting-edge advancement in the field of oral medicine, gaining widespread application in the treatment of complex bone defect cases. By integrating digital imaging, virtual design, and precise surgical guidance, this technology has significantly enhanced the success rate of dental implants and improved patient outcomes. However, the rapid development of this technology has also highlighted the lack of standardized clinical protocols, necessitating the establishment of unified guidelines through expert consensus. This article provides a detailed overview of the development process of the group standard Clinical Protocol for Bone Harvesting and Grafting under Digital Guidance in Oral Implantology and offers an in-depth interpretation of its key components, aiming to serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice and academic research.
Humans ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Dental Implantation/methods* ; Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods* ; Clinical Protocols

Aim To investigate the protective effect of ganglioside(GM1)on ischemic-hypoxic brain injury(HIBI)in neonatal rats and the related mechanism.Methods Eighty,7-day old SD neonatal rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operated group(sham),HIBM group,GM1 group and GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group(GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor),with 20 rats in each group.After successful construction of the HIBI model,the neonatal rats were injected intrap-eritoneally with GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for three days in the GM1 group.The neonatal rats were given intraperitoneal injection of GM1(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)after a one-time injection of PIM-1 inhibitor(5 mg·kg-1)into the lateral ventricle for three days in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group.Sham and HIBI groups were injected intraperitoneally with equal amounts of saline.Longa method was uses to assess the neurologi-cal impairment;TTC staining was used to detect the volume ratio of cerebral infarction;HE staining was used to observe the hippocampal histopathology;TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons;ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampal tissues;Western blot was used to detect PIM-1/PI3K/Akt sig-naling pathway proteins and pyroptosis-related proteins(NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1 p20,GSDMD-N).Results Compared with the sham group,the Longa score,cere-bral infarct volume,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the HIBI group.Compared with the HIBI group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuro-nal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expression were significantly lower(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in the GM1 group of neonatal rats.Compared with the GM1 group,the Longa score,cerebral infarct volume ratio,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate,IL-1 β,IL-18 levels,and pyroptosis-related protein expres-sion were significantly higher(P＜0.05),while PIM-1 protein expression,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-Akt/Akt ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the GM1+PIM-1 inhibitor group of neonatal rats.Conclusion GM1 ameliorates HIBI in neonatal rats by a mechanism related to activation of the PIM-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of hippocampal neuronal pyrop-tosis.