The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is related to a variety of factors such as mechanical overload, metabolic dysfunction, aging, etc., and is a group of total joint diseases characterized by intra-articular chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage fibrillations, synovial inflammation, and osteophyte formation. At present, the treatment methods for osteoarthritis include glucosamine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate, etc., which are difficult to take effect in a short period of time and require long-term treatment, so the patients struggle to adhere to doctor’s advice. Some methods can only provide temporary relief without chondrocyte protection, and some even increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disease. In the advanced stages of OA, patients often have to undergo joint replacement surgery due to pain and joint dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of OA. It is possible to improve mitochondrial biogenesis, quality control, autophagy balance, and oxidative stress levels, thereby exerting a protective effect on chondrocytes in OA. Therefore, compared to traditional treatments, improving mitochondrial function may be a potential treatment for OA. Here, we collected relevant literature on mitochondrial research in OA in recent years, summarized the potential pathogenic factors that affect the development of OA through mitochondrial pathways, and elaborated on relevant treatment methods, in order to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas for the research field of osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the combined detection of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2),protease activated receptor 2(PAR-2),and advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP)and the occurrence of in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),as well as its predictive value.Methods Patients with coronary heart disease after PCI were selected as the study objects.Group Ⅰ was the group without in-stent restenosis and group Ⅱ was the group with in-stent restenosis.The expressions of Lp-PLA2,PAR-2 and AOPP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the predictive value and independent risk factors of these gene expression changes and the risk of in-stent restenosis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.Results The blood Lp-PLA2 levels in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ after 1 year follow-up after stenting were(190.24±33.67)and(256.14±37.68)ng·mL-1;PAR-2 levels were(1.41±0.38)and(1.95±0.43)ng·L-1,respectively;the AOPP levels were(47.25±4.62)and(58.76±4.86)μmol·L-1,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.001).ROC analysis results showed that the truncation values of Lp-PLA2,PAR-2 and AOPP were 201.32 ng·mL-1,1.50 ng·mL-1 and 49.37 μmol·L-1,respectively.The area under the curve(AUC)was significantly higher than that detected alone(all P＜0.001).Binary logistic regression analysis shows that the independent risk factors for in-stent restenstenosis after PCI were Lp-PLA2 ≥ 201.32 ng·mL-1,PAR-2≥1.50 ng·L-1,AOPP ≥49.37 μmol·L-1 and LDL-C≥3.03 mmol·L-1,respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of in-stent restenosis after PCI is closely related to the increase in Lp-PLA2,PAR-2 and AOPP expression.

Objective This study aimed to explore the spatial heterogeneity and risk factors for dental caries in 12-year-old children in Shanxi province,China. Methods The data encompassed 3,721 participants from the two most recent oral health surveys conducted across 16 districts in Shanxi Province in 2015 and 2018.Eighteen specific variables were analyzed to examine the interplay between socioeconomic factors,medical resources and environmental conditions.The Geo-detector model was employed to assess the impacts and interactions of these ecological factors. Results Socioeconomic factors(Q=0.30,P<0.05)exhibited a more substantial impact compared to environmental(Q=0.19,P<0.05)and medical resource factors(Q=0.25,P<0.05).Notably,the urban population percentage(UPP)demonstrated the most significant explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity in caries prevalence,as denoted by its highest q-value(q=0.51,P<0.05).Additionally,the spatial distribution's heterogeneity of caries was significantly affected by SO2 concentration(q=0.39,P<0.05)and water fluoride levels(q=0.27,P<0.05)among environmental factors. Conclusion The prevalence of caries exhibited spatial heterogeneity,escalating from North to South in Shanxi Province,China,influenced by socioeconomic factors,medical resources,and environmental conditions to varying extents.

Objective:To observe the level and detection of ascites CD100 on the activity of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes in vitro in the peripheral blood of patients with liver cirrhosis combined with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Methods:Peripheral blood and ascites were collected from 77 cases of liver cirrhosis (49 patients with liver cirrhosis combined with simple ascites and 28 patients with liver cirrhosis combined with SBP), and peripheral blood was collected from 22 controls. Soluble CD100 (sCD100) in peripheral blood and ascites was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) on the surface of CD4 + and CD8 +T lymphocytes. CD4 + and CD8 +T lymphocytes in ascites were sorted. CD4 +T lymphocyte proliferation, key transcription factor mRNA, and secreted cytokine changes, as well as CD8 +T lymphocyte proliferation, important toxic molecule mRNA, and secreted cytokine changes, were detected after CD100 stimulation. The killing activity of CD8 +T cells was detected by direct contact and indirect contact culture systems. Data conforming to normality were compared using one-way ANOVA, a student's t-test, or a paired t-test. Data that did not conform to a normal distribution were compared using either the Krusal-Willis test or the Mann-Whitney test. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in plasma sCD100 level between patients with liver cirrhosis combined simple ascites (1 415 ± 434.1) pg/ml, patients with liver cirrhosis combined with SBP (1 465 ± 386.8) pg/ml, and controls (1 355 ± 428.0) pg/ml ( P = 0.655). The ascites sCD100 level was lower in patients with liver cirrhosis combined with SBP than that of patients with simple ascites [(2 409 ± 743.0) pg/ml vs. (2825±664.2) pg/ml, P=0.014]. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of mCD100 in peripheral blood CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes among the three groups ( P > 0.05). The levels of mCD100 in ascites CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were higher in patients with liver cirrhosis combined with SBP than those in patients with simple ascites ( P < 0.05). CD100 stimulation had no significant effect on the proliferation of CD4 + and CD8 +T lymphocytes in the ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis combined with SBP ( P > 0.05). There were no significant effects on the expression of transcription factors in effector CD4 +T lymphocytes (T-bet, retinoic acid associated solitary nuclear receptor γt, aromatic hydrocarbon receptor) or secretion of cytokines (interferon-γ, 17, and 22) ( P > 0.05). CD100 stimulation had increased the relative expression of perforin, granzyme B, and granlysin mRNA and the levels of secreted interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, killing activity in ascites CD8+ T lymphocytes of patients with liver cirrhosis combined with SBP ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The active form of CD100 is sCD100 instead of mCD100. There is an imbalance between the expression of sCD100 and mCD100 in the ascites of patients with cirrhosis combined with SBP. sCD100 can enhance the function of CD8 +T lymphocytes in the ascites of patients with cirrhosis combined with SBP and thus is one of the potential therapeutic targets.

Objective    To compare the efficacy of percutaneous closure guided by transthoracic echocardiography or angiography in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods    Literature databases such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library were searched for collecting published literatures on percutaneous closure for PDA guided by transthoracic echocardiography and angiography, retrieval time limit was up to April 2019. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results    Eight studies were included finally, with a total sample size of 681 cases. Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the operative success rate between the echocardiography group and the angiography group (RR=0.99, 95%CI 0.97- 1.01, P=0.40). Postoperative complications were less in the echocardiography group than those in the angiography group (RR=0.26, 95%CI 0.11-0.59, P=0.001).The operation time (P<0.000 01), amount of intraoperative radiation (P< 0.000 01), exposure time (P<0.000 01), hospitalization days (P<0.000 01) and hospitalization costs (P<0.000 01) in the echocardiography group were less or shorter than those in the angiography group, and the difference was statistically different. Conclusion    Compared with angiography-guided, transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous closure for PDA is a safe and effective method with less trauma, lower cost, and can replace angiography as one of the guiding methods for PDA.

Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic agent, also has antioxidative effects in metabolic-related hypertension. This study was designed to determine whether MET has anti-hypertensive effects in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Salt-sensitive rats received a high-salt (HS) diet to induce hypertension, or a normal-salt (NS) diet as control. At the same time, they received intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of MET or vehicle for 6 weeks. We found that HS rats had higher oxidative stress levels and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than NS rats. ICV infusion of MET attenuated MAP and reduced plasma norepinephrine levels in HS rats. It also decreased reactive oxygen species and the expression of subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase, improved the superoxide dismutase activity, reduced components of the renin-angiotensin system, and altered neurotransmitters in the PVN. Our findings suggest that central MET administration lowers MAP in salt-sensitive hypertension via attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system, and restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the PVN.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Arterial Pressure ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Infusions, Intraventricular ; Male ; Metformin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; drug effects ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; pharmacology

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is an important biologically-active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. This study was designed to determine whether inhibition of Ang-(1-7) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates sympathetic activity and elevates blood pressure by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and oxidative stress in the PVN in salt-induced hypertension. Rats were fed either a high-salt (8% NaCl) or a normal salt diet (0.3% NaCl) for 10 weeks, followed by bilateral microinjections of the Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 or vehicle into the PVN. We found that the mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were significantly increased in salt-induced hypertensive rats. The high-salt diet also resulted in higher levels of the PICs interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, as well as higher gp91 expression and superoxide production in the PVN. Microinjection of A-779 (3 nmol/50 nL) into the bilateral PVN of hypertensive rats not only attenuated MAP, RSNA, and NE, but also decreased the PICs and oxidative stress in the PVN. These results suggest that the increased MAP and sympathetic activity in salt-induced hypertension can be suppressed by blockade of endogenous Ang-(1-7) in the PVN, through modulation of PICs and oxidative stress.
Angiotensin I ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; pharmacology

Objective    To systematically evaluate the clinical value of miRNA-1 in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Methods    We searched PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, etc databases to identify literature about miRNA-1 in the diagnosis of AMI. Quality of the included literature was assessed by (quality assessment for diagnostic accuracy studies-2, QUADAS-2). The indices of pooled sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positivity likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnosis odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were pooled using MetaDisc 1.4 software. Results    A total of 12 articles were included. According to the different populations of miRNA-1 to be tested, subgroup analysis of healthy people (7 articles) and non-AMI disease groups (5 articles) was conducted. The results showed that AMI compared with healthy people, the pooled Sen was 0.78 with 95%CI 0.73 to 0.82, Spe was 0.88 with 95%CI 0.83 to 0.91 of miRNA-1 in the diagnosis of AMI. AUC of SROC curve was 0.911 2. Comparison of AMI and non-AMI patients, the pooled Sen was 0.59 with 95%CI 0.54 to 0.64, Spe was 0.74 with 95%CI 0.68 to 0.79 of miRNA-1 in the diagnosis of AMI. AUC of SROC curve was 0.743 2. Conclusion    MiRNA-1 has a certain value in the diagnosis of AMI. It has an advantage in identifying AMI and patients with other systemic diseases, and can be combined with other biomarkers to  diagnose AMI.

Objective: To observe ascitic interleukin-7 expression level in cirrhotic patients complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and to detect the effect of recombinant human IL-7 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocyte function. Methods: A total of 84 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized from August 2017 to April 2018 were selected. Among them, 51 cases were complicated with cirrhosis and untainted ascites, and 33 cases were cirrhosis complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Peripheral blood and ascites were collected routinely. The levels of IL-7 in peripheral blood and ascites were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells were purified from ascites, and were stimulated with recombinant IL-7. Cellular proliferation, key transcription factors for mRNA, and cytokines production by CD4⁺T cells in response to IL-7 stimulation was measured. mRNA expression corresponding to perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin as well as cytokines production by CD8⁺T cells was also measured in response to IL-7 stimulation. Cytolytic and non-cytolytic activity of CD8⁺T cells in response to IL-7 stimulation was also investigated in both direct and indirect contact co-culture system. Measurement data of the normal distribution were compared between the two groups by Student’s t-test and the data before and after stimulation were compared by paired t-test. Measurements that did not conform to normal distribution were compared between the two groups using Mann-Whitney U test, and data before and after stimulation were compared using Wilcoxon paired test. Results: There was no significant statistical difference in serum IL-7 levels between the two groups [(5 001 ± 1 458) pg/ml vs. (4 768 ± 1 128) pg/ml, P = 0.41]. The level of ascitic IL-7 in cirrhotic patients complicated with SBP was significantly lower than cirrhosis patients with untainted ascites [(966.4 + 155.8) pg/ml vs. (792.1 + 126.4) pg/ml, P < 0.01]. Recombinant IL-7 stimulation promoted the proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cells from ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by SBP. T-bet mRNA relative expression and IFN-γ secretion in CD4⁺T cells was also elevated in response to IL-7 stimulation in vitro. Moreover, IL-7 stimulation also increased the mRNA expressions of perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin as well as productions of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD8⁺T cells. Recombinant IL-7 stimulation elevated cytolytic and non-cytolytic activity of CD8⁺T cells from ascites in patients with liver cirrohosis complicated by SBP, which manifested as increased target cell death and IFN-γ production in both direct and indirect contact co-culture system. Conclusion Ascitic IL-7 promotes T lymphocyte function in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with SBP.

We studied the disinfection effect of a new ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer and its utilization on ultrasound probe surfaces. Carrier quantitative germicidal tests, simulated on-the-spot trials, and organic substance influence tests were used to carry out experimental observation. Artificially infected probes were disinfected using the sterilizer or a germicidal lamp for comparison. The total number and types of bacteria were determined and identified. Our results demonstrated the sterilizer had the best disinfection effect among three different disinfection methods in hospital. The sterilizer has been used in a hospital setting for 2 years with no notable damage to the ultrasound probe instrument. It has the advantages of fast disinfection, high disinfection effect, and good compatibility with the ultrasound instrument, worthy of being a promoted application in medical institutions.
Bacterial Infections ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Disinfection ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Contamination ; prevention & control ; Sterilization ; instrumentation ; Surface Properties ; Ultrasonography ; instrumentation ; Ultraviolet Rays