Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-IMS) can analysis unknown compounds in sections and obtain molecule imaging by scanning biological tissue sections,which has become a powerful tool for the research of biomarker,lipid distribution and drug metabolism,etc.This article reviews the application of this technique in protein identification,clinical application,drug discovery,lipid research and brain injury.

Fifteen pediatric cases of suspected Japanese encephalitis (JE) were reported in Beijing Children's Hospital during the late summer of 2013. The clinical manifestations in most cases included high fever, seizures, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings. Twelve of 15 cases were laboratory-confirmed as JE cases by pathogen identification. Epidemiological investigations showed that five of the 12 laboratory-confirmed patients had an incomplete JE vaccination history. Follow-up investigations after discharge indicated that seven laboratory-confirmed JE patients without JE vaccinations had relatively poor prognoses, with an average Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score of 2.6 when compared with the other five laboratory-confirmed, JE-vaccinated patients with an average MRS score of 0.5. The observation of pediatric JE cases among those with a history of JE vaccination warrants further attention.
Beijing ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Prognosis

BACKGROUNDA multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.

METHODSAdult PD patients who had taken PD therapy for at least one month were selected and divided into four groups according to two dialysis solution brands and two dialysis dosages, i.e., 6 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, 6 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution, 8 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, and 8 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution. After 48 weeks, the changes of primary and secondary efficacy indices were compared between different types and different dosages. We also analyzed the changes of safety indices.

RESULTSChanges of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of net ultrafiltration volume (nUF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Changes of nPCR from baseline to 48 weeks between 6 L and 8 L showed no statistical differences; so did those of nUF and eGFR. The decline of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks in 6 L group was more than that in 8 L group. Change of Ccr was similar. During the 48-week period, the mean Kt/V was above 1.7/w, and mean Ccr was above 50 L×1.73 m(-2)×w(-1). More adverse events were found in Changfu group before Changfu Corporation commenced technology optimization, and the statistical differences disappeared after that.

CONCLUSIONSThe domestic PD solution (Changfu) was proven to be as effective as Baxter dialysis solution. During 48-week period, a dosage of 6 L/d was enough for these patients to reach adequate PD. Clinical study promotes technological optimization, further helps to improve the safety indices of the medical products.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dialysis Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications

OBJECTIVETo explore the long-term survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients after treated by androgen deprivation therapy.

METHODSWe conducted a follow-up study of 124 patients with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy, and compared the survival times of the patients with different pathological grades and clinical characteristics using Kaplan-Meiers survival curves.

RESULTSThe mean survival time of the 124 patients after androgen deprivation therapy was 5. 912 years, with the median survival time of 7.81 years. The patients with bone metastases showed a shorter survival time than those with non-bone metastasis (P = 0.04). Pathological grades and PSA levels were not prognostic factors. No significant differences were found in the mean survival time between those died of prostate cancer (n = 35) and those from other factors (n = 23) (P = 0.50).

CONCLUSIONBone metastasis is an important prognostic factor in advanced prostate cancer following androgen deprivation therapy, which is more significantly correlated with the survival time of the patients than tumor grades and clinical classification.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of giant prostatic calculus with neurogenic bladder disease and prostate diverticulum.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a case of giant prostatic calculus with neurogenic bladder disease and prostate diverticulum and reviewed the relevant literature. The patient was a 37-year-old man, with urinary incontinence for 22 years and intermittent dysuria with frequent micturition for 9 years, aggravated in the past 3 months. He had received surgery for spina bifida and giant vesico-prostatic calculus. The results of preoperative routine urinary examination were as follows: WBC 17 -20/HPF, RBC 12 - 15/HPF. KUB, IVU and pelvic CT revealed spina bifida occulta, neurogenic bladder and giant prostatic calculus.

RESULTSThe patient underwent TURP and transurethral lithotripsy with holmium-YAG laser. The prostatic calculus was carbonate apatite in composition. Urinary dynamic images at 2 weeks after surgery exhibited significant improvement in the highest urine flow rate and residual urine volume. Seventeen months of postoperative follow-up showed dramatically improved urinary incontinence and thicker urine stream.

CONCLUSIONProstate diverticulum with prostatic giant calculus is very rare, and neurogenic bladder may play a role in its etiology. Cystoscopy is an accurate screening method for its diagnosis. For the young patients and those who wish to retain sexual function, TURP combined with holmium laser lithotripsy can be employed, and intraoperative rectal examination should be taken to ensure complete removal of calculi.

Adult ; Calculi ; complications ; Diverticulum ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Diseases ; complications ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; complications

OBJECTIVETo establish a serum protein fingerprint model for prediction of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer by SELDI-TOF-MS analysis, and to determine the differentiatial proteins associated with the metastatic liver cancers.

METHODSData were collected from the Department of General Surgery in Zhongshan Hospital. A group of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) without liver metastasis (n = 36) and another group with liver metastasis (n = 36) were included in this study. Serum samples were collected from peripheral venous blood before operation. Special serum protein or peptide fingerprint was determined by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). The obtained data were analyzed by Biomarker Wizard software to screen the serum protein markers discriminating colorectal cancer patients with and without liver metastasis. A serum protein fingerprint model was established. This model was blindly verified in of CRC patients with and 44 cases without liver metastasis.

RESULTSComparing the characteristic proteins in those two groups of patients, 10 specific protein peaks were identified with statistical significance (P < 0.05). According to m/z growing from small to large, they were: 2398, 2814, 4084, 4289, 4465, 6422, 6619, 11 482, 11 649 and 13 714. The predictive model had a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 97.2%. The validation showed a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 81.8%.

CONCLUSIONA predictive model based on differentiatial serum protein fingerprint with high sensitivity and specificity has been successfully established. It should be a very useful tool in detection and diagnosis of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.

Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; blood ; Peptide Mapping ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Qingrelishi-category Chinese medicine (for dispelling heat and resolving dampness) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

METHODSRandomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials comparing Qingrelishi with plant america, other herbal medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of chronic prostatitis were identified by electronic and manual retrieval and analysis. The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed and Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 4. 2 software.

RESULTSForty-four randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials (n=5746) were identified. The methodological quality ranked high in three double-blind trials and the others ranked low. Meta-analysis indicated that Qingrelishi was more effective than Nankangpian( RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35) and Prostate( RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.41) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Subgroup analysis revealed that Qingrelishi was more effective than Qianliekang (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.45) and quinolones antibiotic (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.57). There were no significant differences in efficacy either between Qingrelishi and a-receptor blocker and Puleanpian or between Qingrelishi plus quinolone antibiotics and quinolone antibiotics alone. Eighteen articles reported side effects and no serious adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONQingrelishi may be effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. However, the evidence is not strong due to the generally low methodological quality and the variations of the herbs. More randomized clinical trials are required.

Chronic Disease ; Databases, Bibliographic ; statistics & numerical data ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo screen and identify differentially expressed genes between a fertile patient and another infertile patient who belonged to a large Chinese pedigree affected with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).

METHODSWe constructed the forward and reversed subtracted libraries using genital skin fibroblasts (GSF), which were obtained from the fertile patient MJ and infertile patient ZGJ, as tester respectively. Candidate clones were screened with colony in situ hybridization, dot blot, and Southern blot analysis step by step and conformed with Northern blot analysis. The potential positive clones were sequenced and the homology of the sequences was analyzed.

RESULTSThe forward and reversed subtracted libraries containing differentially expressed pattern of two GSF cell lines were constructed. Two positive clones identified by Northern blot were obtained in the reversed subtracted library. Eleven candidate clones from the two libraries that failed to hybridize with both RNA populations were obtained simultaneously, which might represent differentially expressed low abundance transcripts. Sequencing results and homology analysis demonstrated that the two positive clones were significantly homologous with the genes of autotaxin-t and calcium binding protein calcyclin (S100A6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSTwo positive clones and eleven clones showing no hybridization signals may represent differentially expressed genes between the two GSFs. This finding may be useful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to phenotypic variation and preserved fertility of the AIS pedigree.

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome ; complications ; genetics ; Blotting, Northern ; Fertility ; genetics ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Library ; Genitalia, Male ; cytology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; genetics ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo prospectively study the relationship between risk factors and stroke incidence and mortality in the Chinese elderly.

METHODSAn analytic study in a cohort population of 1,268 male retired cadres in a military setting. A health-screening program was carried out for all cadres aged 55 years or older in Xi'an in February 1987. Baseline data on smoking, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), histories of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, diabetes and family histories of cardiovascular disease were investigated. Main outcome measures were stroke incidence, stroke and all-cause mortality.

RESULTSThe cohort was followed up until June 30, 2001 and a total number of follow-up person-year was 15,546. During the follow-up period, there were 113 new stroke cases identified and the adjusted incidence was 727 per 100,000 person-year. Forty-five deaths were due to stroke and the adjusted mortality was 289 per 100,000 person-year. Using Cox model analysis, after adjustment on age, total cholesterol, triglyceride, smoking, drinking and physical exercise, we noticed that the systolic pressure, BMI, history of CHD and hyperlipidemia were independent risk factors for stroke incidence and morality.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence and mortality of stroke in this cohort were lower than those in the same age group of general population. Monitoring and controlling body mass index and blood pressure level seemed to be important factors for the prevention of stroke in the elderly.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; Hypertension ; complications ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality