Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

Age-related sarcopenia is a progressive, systemic skeletal muscle disorder associated with aging. It is primarily characterized by a significant decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, rather than being an inevitable consequence of normal aging. Despite ongoing research, there is still no globally unified consensus among physicians regarding the diagnostic criteria and clinical indicators of this condition. Nonetheless, regardless of the diagnostic standards applied, the prevalence of age-related sarcopenia remains alarmingly high. With the global population aging at an accelerating rate, its incidence is expected to rise further, posing a significant public health challenge. Age-related sarcopenia not only markedly increases the risk of physical disability but also profoundly affects patients’ quality of life, independence, and overall survival. As such, the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate its dual burden on both societal and individual health has become an urgent and critical priority. Skeletal muscle regeneration, a vital physiological process for maintaining muscle health, is significantly impaired in age-related sarcopenia and is considered one of its primary underlying causes. Skeletal muscle satellite cells (MSCs), also known as muscle stem cells, play a pivotal role in generating new muscle fibers and maintaining muscle mass and function. A decline in both the number and functionality of MSCs is closely linked to the onset and progression of sarcopenia. This dysfunction is driven by alterations in intrinsic MSC mechanisms—such as Notch, Wnt/β‑Catenin, and mTOR signaling pathways—as well as changes in transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, the MSC microenvironment, including both the direct niche formed by skeletal muscle fibers and their secreted cytokines, and the indirect niche composed of extracellular matrix proteins and various cell types, undergoes age-related changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation further contribute to MSC impairment, ultimately leading to the development of sarcopenia. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for age-related sarcopenia. Nutritional intervention and exercise remain the cornerstone of therapeutic strategies. Adequate protein intake, coupled with sufficient energy provision, is fundamental to both the prevention and treatment of this condition. Adjuvant therapies, such as dietary supplements and caloric restriction, offer additional therapeutic potential. Exercise promotes muscle regeneration and ameliorates sarcopenia by acting on MSCs through various mechanisms, including mechanical stress, myokine secretion, distant cytokine signaling, immune modulation, and epigenetic regulation. When combined with a structured exercise regimen, adequate protein intake has been shown to be particularly effective in preventing age-related sarcopenia. However, traditional interventions may be inadequate for patients with limited mobility, poor overall health, or advanced sarcopenia. Emerging therapeutic strategies—such as miRNA mimics or inhibitors, gut microbiota transplantation, and stem cell therapy—present promising new directions for MSC-based interventions. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in MSC-mediated muscle regeneration in age-related sarcopenia and systematically discusses therapeutic strategies targeting MSC regulation to enhance muscle mass and strength. The goal is to provide a theoretical foundation and identify future research directions for the prevention and treatment of this increasingly prevalent condition.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132H is the most common mutated gene in grade II-III gliomas and oligodendrogliomas. Instead of activating telomerase (a reverse transcriptase which using RNA as a template to extend telomere length), the majority of IDH1^R132H mutant glioma maintain telomere length through an alternative mechanism that relies on homologous recombination (HR), which is known as alterative lengthening of telomere (ALT).The phenotype of ALT mechanism include: ALT associated promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) bodies (APBs); extrachromosomal telomeric DNA repeats such as C- and T-loops; telomeric sister chromatid exchange (T-SCE), etc. The mechanism of ALT activation is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that mutation IDH1 contributes to ALT phenotype in glioma cells in at least three key ways. Firstly, the IDH1^R132H mutation mediates RAP1 down-regulation leading to telomere dysfunction, thus ensuring persistent endogenous telomeric DNA damage, which is important for ALT activation. Spontaneous DNA damage at telomeres may provide a substrate for mutation break-induced replication (BIR)‑mediated ALT telomere lengthening, and it has been demonstrated that RAP1 inhibits telomeric repeat-containing RNA, transcribed from telomeric DNA repeat sequences (TERRA) transcription to down-regulate ALT telomere DNA replication stress and telomeric DNA damage, thereby inhibiting ALT telomere synthesis. Similarly, in ALT cells, knockdown of telomere-specific RNaseH1 nuclease triggers TERRA accumulation, which leads to increased replication pressure. Overexpression of RNaseH1, on the other hand, attenuates the recombination capacity of ALT telomeres, leading to telomere depletion, suggesting that RAP1 can regulate the level of replication pressure and thus ALT activity by controlling TERRA expression. Secondly, the IDH1^R132H also alters the preference of the telomere damage repair pathway by down-regulating XRCC1, which inhibits the alternative non-homologous end joining (A-NHEJ) pathway at telomeres and alters cellular preference for the HR pathway to promote ALT. Finally, the IDH1^R132H has a decreased affinity for isocitric acid and NADP+ and an increased affinity for α ketoglutarate (α‑KG) and NADPH, so that the mutant IDH1^R132H catalyzes the hydrogenation of α‑KG to produce 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG)in a NADPH-dependent manner. Because 2-HG is structurally similar to α‑KG, which maintains the trimethylation level of H3k9me3 by competitively inhibiting the activity of the α‑KG-dependent histone demethylase KDM4B, and recruits heterochromatin protein HP1α to heterochromatinize telomeres, and promote ALT phenotypes in cooperation with the inactivating of ATRX. In addition, it has been shown that APBs contain telomeric chromatin, which is essentially heterochromatin, and HP1α is directly involved in the formation of APBs. Based on these studies, this article reviews the mechanism of IDH1^R132H mediated telomere dysfunction and the preference of DNA repair pathway at telomeres in cooperate with ATRX loss to promote ALT, which may provide references for clinical targeted therapy of IDH1^R132H mutant glioma.

Sturgeon cartilage has a wide range of applications as it is rich in biologically active substances such as chondroitin sulphate and protein. In this study, the safety evaluation of sturgeon cartilage peptide in NIH/3T3 and C2C12 cells was conducted, and the results showed that sturgeon cartilage peptide did not induce apoptosis and necrosis in NIH/3T3 and C2C12 cells compared to the blank control, which provides an in vitro experimental basis for the transdermal drug delivery of sturgeon cartilage peptide. Further evaluation of the scavenging activity of sturgeon cartilage peptides against the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals showed that sturgeon cartilage peptides have strong antioxidant activity. A stable sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment containing 7% sturgeon cartilage peptide was prepared and analysed for its transdermal absorption in mouse skin. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: 00007684). It was found that the 12-hour cumulative release of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment reached 92%. In this study, we further analyzed the ability of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment to inhibit ear swelling in mice after xylene-induced inflammation. The sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the matrix group and the control group. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that sturgeon cartilage peptide has good safety and antioxidant activity, and the prepared sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment provides an experimental basis for further application of sturgeon cartilage peptide as well as the study of transdermal drug delivery.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment scheme of patients with spinal infection caused by Prevotella intermedia(P.intermedia).Methods Clinical diagnosis and treatment processes of a patient with spinal infection caused by P.intermedia admitted to the spinal surgery department of a hospital were summa-rized,and relevant literature was retrieved from database for reviewing.Results The patient,a 50 year old male,was admitted to the hospital due to"lumbago pain complicated with pain in double lower extremities for 2 months".The lesion tissue was taken for metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)detection,which detected P.in-termedia,and the patient was diagnosed with P.intermedia spondylitis.After treatments with open lesion clea-rance,tube rinsing+autologous bone transplantation fusion internal fixation,intravenous drip of ceftriaxone sodium and metronidazole,as well as metronidazole rinsing,infection was under control.A total of 16 available papers were retrieved,together with this case,a total of 17 patients were included,with 7 males and 10 females.The main risk factors were diabetes and history of corticosteroid use(35.3％).The most common invasion sites were lumbar ver-tebra(n=12)and thoracic vertebra(n=6).13 cases were positive for pathogen culture,3 cases were positive for molecular detection,and 1 case was positive for staining microscopy.17 patients received anti-anaerobic bacteria treatment,with 14 cases receiving combined surgical treatment.One case died,with a mortality of 5.9％;5 cases had partial neurological impairment,with a disability rate of 29.4％.The survival rate of patients who received treatment of anti-anaerobic bacteria combined with surgery was 92.8％,3 patients only with anti-anaerobic bacteria treatment but without surgery were all cured.Conclusion P.intermedia is an opportunistic pathogeanic bacteria which often causes infection in immunocomprised individuals and is prone to be misdiagnosed.It is recommended to perform mNGS detection to identify the pathogen as early as possible and seize the opportunity for treatment to reduce mortality.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and hantavirus (HV) carrying state in host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022.Methods:Host animal monitoring was carried out at the monitoring sites of HFRS in Henan Province. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect hantavirus in rat lungs. The types of hantavirus were analyzed. The positive samples were sequenced and then sequence homology and variation were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 308 rodents were captured from 2019 to 2022, 16 specimens of rat lungs tested positive for hantavirus nucleic acid. The positive rate of HV was 1.22% (16/1 308). According to type, the positive rate of HV in Apodius agrarius was the highest (68.75%, 11/16). According to distribution, the positive rate of HV in field samples was the highest (2.50%, 12/480), and the positive rate of HV in residential samples was 0.53% (4/759). The typing results of 16 positive samples showed that all viruses were hantavirus type Ⅰ (hantaan virus). The positive samples were sequenced and eight S gene fragments (GenBank number: OQ681444-OQ681451) and six M gene fragments (OQ681438-OQ681443) were obtained. The S and M gene fragments were similar to the Shaanxi 84FLi strain and Sichuan SN7 strain. Phylogenetic analysis of S and M gene fragments showed that they all belonged to the hantaan virus-H5 subtype. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that, compared with the hantaan virus vaccine strain 84FLi, the 74th amino acid encoded by eight S fragments was replaced by aspartamide with serine. Tryptophan was replaced by glycine at the 14th position of Gn region in XC2022047, and isoleucine was replaced by alanine at the 359 position of XC2022022 and XC2022024.Conclusion:The hantavirus carried by host animals in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022 belongs to the type Ⅰ (hantaan virus), and Apodemus agrarius is still the dominant host animal of the hantaan virus. Compared with the vaccine strains, amino acid sites are replaced in the immune epitopes of the S and M gene fragments.

With the in-depth study of molecular biology,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has opened the era of precision medicine based on mutation-based molecular targeting therapy.Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)driver mutations are closely related to the progression of NSCLC,and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)developed based on this have achieved significant therapeutic effects,but acquired drug resistance is still one of the major factors limiting their long-term use.As resistance mechanisms are further investigated,in addition to secondary EGFR mutation,MET amplification,HER2 amplification,histologic transformation,etc.,receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK)fusion mutation have been shown to be a targetable mechanism of acquired resistance.Among the acquired RTK fusion mutations,rearranged during transfection(RET)fusion mutations are the accessible targets of our concern.As the RET molecule continues to be explored,drugs targeting RET fusions have been approved and marketed.There are different clinical strategies to deal with acquired RET fusion mutation mediating resistance to EGFR-TKIs treatment.In this review,the structure and function of RET,its relationship with EGFR-TKIs resistance,and treatment strategies are reviewed to further improve patient survival outcomes.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Objective To compare the detection rates and antimicrobial resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)between the intensive care unit of The First People's Hospital of Changzhou(CZFPH-ICU)and the American Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ(MIMIC-Ⅳ),as well as the changes in the antimicrobial resistance rate of KP and detection rate of carbapenem-resistant KP(CRKP)in CZFPH-ICU.Methods Differences in speci-men distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate of KP detected from CZFPH-ICU and MIMIC-Ⅳ from 2017 to 2019,as well as the changing trends of specimen distribution,antimicrobial resistance rate,detection rates of KP and CRKP from different specimen sources in CZFPH-ICU from 2017 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 2 434 strains of KP were detected in CZFPH-ICU from 2017 to 2019,mainly from sputum specimens.A total of 1 137 strains of KP were detected from MIMIC-Ⅳ database,mainly from urine specimens.Compared with MIMIC-Ⅳ,KP detected from CZFPH-ICU showed higher resistance rate to commonly used antimicrobial agents.A total of 4 874 strains of KP were detected from CZFPH-ICU from 2020 to 2023,mainly from sputum specimens.The detection rates of CRKP from sputum,urine,drainage fluid and bile specimens decreased from 17.77％,20.15％,24.22％and 24.07％in 2017-2019 to 12.99％,13.56％,13.63％and 8.00％in 2020-2023,respectively(all P＜0.05).The changing trend of resistance rate of KP isolated from CZFPH-ICU from 2017 to 2023 to commonly used antimicrobial agents such as piperacillin/tazobactam,imipenem,and meropenem increased in 2017-2019,decreased in 2020-2022,and slightly increased in 2023.In 2013,the resistance rates of KP isolated from CZFPH-ICU to ceftazidime/avibactam,polycolistin B and tigacycline were 21.28％,10.22％and 7.03％,respectively.Conclusion In recent 7 years,resistance rate of KP from CZFPH-ICU showed a slow decline trend,but it was still higher than that in foreign MIMIC-Ⅳ database.Hospitals should strengthen various infection prevention and control measures to ef-fectively control KP resistance and infection.

Objective To explore clinical effect of closed reduction percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail assisted by arthrography in the treatment of radial neck fracture in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 chil-dren with radial neck fracture treated with arthrography assisted closed reduction and percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail internal fixation(arthrography with elastic nail group)from January 2019 to December 2022,including 12 males and 11 fe-males,aged from 2 to 12 years old with an average of(7.36±1.89)years old;According to Judet fracture types,14 children were type Ⅲ and 9 children were type Ⅳ.In addition,23 children with radial neck fracture were selected from January 2015 to December 2018 who were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail fixation(elastic nail group),including 11 males and 12 females,aged from 2 to 14 years old with an average of(7.50±1.91)years old;Judet classi-fication included 15 children were type Ⅲ and 8 children were type Ⅳ.Operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times were compared between two groups.Metaizeau evaluation criteria was used to evaluate fracture reduction,and Tibone-Stoltz evaluation criteria was used to evaluate functional recovery of elbow between two groups.Results Both groups were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of(16.56±6.34)months.Operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of elastic nail group were(56.64±19.27)min and(21.13±7.87)times,while those of joint angiography with elastic nail group were(40.33±1 1.50)min and(12.10±3.52)times;there were difference between two groups(P＜0.05).According to Metaizeau evaluation,11 patients got excellent result,9 good and 3 fair in joint angiography with elastic nail group,while in elastic nail group,5 ex-cellent,13 good,4 acceptable,and 1 poor;the difference between two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).According to Tibone-Stoltz criteria,14 patients got excellent result,8 good,and 1 fair in joint arthrography with elastic nail group;while in elastic nail group,12 patients got excellent result,9 good,1 fair and 1 poor;there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared to percutaneous elastic intramedullary nail fixation,closed reduction assisted by arthrography has advantages of reduced operation time,decreased intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,and improved fracture reduction.Arthrography enables clear visualization of the anatomical structures of radius,head,neck,bone,and cartilage in children,facilitating comprehensive display of fracture reduction and brachioradial joint alignment.This technique more pre-cisely guides the depth of elastic intramedullary nail implantation in radius neck,thereby enhancing surgical efficiency and success rate.