There is significant inter-individual variation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacody-namics in patients receiving tacrolimus(TAC)for an-ti-rejection therapy,which cause the rejection or toxic action.Based on results of therapeutic drug monitoring and pathophysiological index of trans-plant patients,the individualized dosing regimen can be designed and adjusted by using model in-formed precision dosing(MIPD).The patients'clini-cal outcome can be improved.In the consensus,the different methods of MIPD used for patients re-ceived TAC for anti-rejection therapy were intro-duced,which can be used for the designing and ad-justing doing regimen,predicting adverse drug reac-tion,improving medication adherence and econom-ics during therapy.

Objective To propose an EBT3 film technology-based quality control measurement method for the INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment to solve the problems of the traditional methods in cumbersome operation and setup error.Methods According to HJ 1198-2021 Requirements of radiation safety and protection for radiotherapy and GBZ 121-2020 Requirements for radiological protection in radiotherapy,the environmental radiation testing of the INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment was carried out point by point by means of the radiation inspection instrument.The INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment was characterized by a point X-ray source(XRS),and the XRS was detected in terms of the probe linearity,radiation dose,dynamic deviation,isotropy and dose rate.The EBT3 film technology was used to verify the symmetry and isotropy of the XRS planar dose of INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment.Results The X-γ dose equivalent rate of each monitoring site of the INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy device was lower than the method detection limit(MDL).The results of SQA quality control showed that the INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment XRS met the quality control requirements in terms of the probe linearity,radiation dose,dynamic deviation and etc,and the isotropy differences in the+X,-X,+Y,and-Y axis directions ranged from-1.40％to 1.79％,which were all within the allowable range of measurement tolerance(5.60％to 5.65％).The results of measuring the isotropy of the INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment based on the EBT3 film technology showed that the dose distribution of the XRS in the directions of the+X,-X,+Y,and-Y axes at the same plane was well isotropic,and that the doses in the directions of the X and Y axes were symmetrically distributed,and that the maximum skewness value for the isotropy of the XRS in the XY plane was-1.581％,which met the requirements of AAPM TG61 report on the reference dosimetry of low-energy and medium-energy X-rays for radiotherapy and radiobiology of≤±5.3％.Conclusion The EBT3 film technology-based measurement method gains high simplicity and feasibility for the isotropy of the INTRABEAM PRS500 intraoperative radiotherapy equipment in the directions of the+X,-X,+Y,and-Y axes at the same planet,which realizes the dynamic monitoring of the dosimetric changes and facilitates the whole-process quality control management of the intraoperative radiotherapy equipment.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):47-53]

Aim To evaluate the role of the glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1)-dependent glycolytic in the attenuation of oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygen-ation(OGD/R)injury in HK-2 cells by dexmedetomi-dine(Dex).Methods C57/BL6 mice were random-ly divided into three groups(n=6),namely,sham operation group(Sham group),renal ischemia reper-fusion group(I/R group)and Dex group(I/R+Dex group).Serum creatinine(Cr)and urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured,while the levels of key glyco-lytic enzymes HK2,PFKFB3 and GLUT1 were meas-ured.HK-2 cells were cultured and randomised into seven groups(n=6),which was treated with OGD/R,overexpression or interference with GLUT1,Dex and glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG.CCK-8 and LDH activi-ty were used to detect cellular damage.Glycolysis lev-els were detected by lactate and ECAR.The inflamma-tory level was reflected by qRT-PCR for IL-6 and TNF-α.qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to de-tect the levels of GLUT1,HK2,and PFKFB3.Results Dex significantly ameliorated kidney injury and HK-2 cell injury(P＜0.05).Dex inhibited the OGD/R-induced rise in lactate and extracellular acidification rate(ECAR),as evidenced by suppression of the ex-pression of GLUT1,HK2 and PFKFB3(P＜0.05).In vitro experiments showed that GLUT1 knockdown sig-nificantly improved OGD/R-induced cellular damage.Lactate,ECAR,glycolysis-related mRNAs and pro-teins were inhibited by GLUT1 knockdown(P＜0.05).Significantly,there were no significant differ-ences in above indexes after Dex treatment based on GLUT1 knockdown.Overexpression of GLUT1 abroga-ted the protective effects of Dex,while reversing the inhibitory effects of Dex on the expression of GLUT1,HK2,and PFKFB3(P＜0.05).Conclusions Dexmedetomidine attenuates OGD/R induced injury in HK-2 cells by inhibiting GLUT1-dependent glycolysis.

Objective:Near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy technology faces the problem of insufficient model generalization due to individual differences in non-invasive blood glucose testing,in order to solve this problem,to improve data utilization,and to build predictive models with stronger generalization ability,this study introduces a transfer learning method to study the NIR spectroscopy non-invasive glucose testing.Methods:Migration learning is a machine learning technique that aims to improve task performance in the target domain by transferring knowledge from the source domain to the target domain.In this study,we used community population data as the source domain and student population data as the target domain to improve the performance of the noninvasive glucose detection model on the target domain.In order to verify the effectiveness of migration learning,this study compares the performance of the model before and after migration learning.Results:the model's performance on the noninvasive glucose detection task is significantly improved by the migration learning strategy,and the MAPE and MAE of the migrated model decreases by 52.5460％and 6.0805％,respectively,and the RMSE and MSE decreases by 10.7215％and 12.1135％.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the promising application of transfer learning in the field of non-invasive blood glucose detection,which is expected to realize portable and continuous blood glucose monitoring in the future by migrating the features that are difficult to access in the source domain but are related to blood glucose values to the target domain,which will greatly improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.Advances in noninvasive glucose testing technology will not only reduce patients' pain,but also provide a more convenient means of glucose monitoring,which will provide strong support for diabetes management.

Lung cancer poses a serious threat to global public health security.Chemotherapy,as the main strategy for cancer treatment,faces challenges such as high toxicity and drug resistance.Anticancer peptides have the potential of being developed into new anticancer drugs due to their advantages of broad-spectrum anticancer activity,rapid action,and difficulty in generating drug resistance,but they also face shortcomings such as weak activity and strong toxic side effects.The weakly acidic microenvironment of tumors(pH 6.5-6.8)provides a good idea for the design of anticancer peptides of high-efficiency and low-toxicity.Previously,we designed the acid-sensitive antibacterial peptide pHly-1 using the wolf spider(Lycosa singoriensis)toxin Lycosin-Ⅰ as a template.In this study,we found that pHly-1 also had acid-sensitive anticancer activity.Further alanine scanning analysis of pHly-1 was carried out,and we ob-tained a mutant pHTP-2 with better acid sensitivity,whose IC50(half maximal inhibitory concentration)against A549 cells was 15.68 μmol/L at pH 6.6 and was greater than 100 μmol/L at pH 7.4.At pH 6.6,pHTP-2 could act on various lung cancer cell lines and induce the death of A549 cells by rapid ly-sis;at pH 7.4,500 μmol/L pHTP-2 had weak toxicity to red blood cells(the hemolysis rate was ap-proximately 38％)and primary myocardial cells(the inhibition rate was 49.7％,with P＜0.05).Analy-sis of its charge,particle size,morphology,and secondary structure showed that at pH 6.6,the histidine in the sequence of pHTP-2 was protonated,increasing the positive charge(P＜0.01),decreasing the hy-drated particle size(P＜0.05)and forming an α-helical structure to induce membrane lysis of A549 cells.At pH 7.4,it was deprotonated,the positive charge decreases,a β-sheet structure was formed and self-aggregation occurred,limiting its effect on the A549 cell membrane and showing weak activity.In summary,pHTP-2 could respond to the weakly acidic microenvironment of tumors to exert selective cyto-toxic activity,effectively overcoming the shortcomings of anticancer peptides such as low efficiency and high toxicity.Our findings suggest that it is a high-quality lead molecule for anticancer drugs.

Lung cancer poses a serious threat to global public health security.Chemotherapy,as the main strategy for cancer treatment,faces challenges such as high toxicity and drug resistance.Anticancer peptides have the potential of being developed into new anticancer drugs due to their advantages of broad-spectrum anticancer activity,rapid action,and difficulty in generating drug resistance,but they also face shortcomings such as weak activity and strong toxic side effects.The weakly acidic microenvironment of tumors(pH 6.5-6.8)provides a good idea for the design of anticancer peptides of high-efficiency and low-toxicity.Previously,we designed the acid-sensitive antibacterial peptide pHly-1 using the wolf spider(Lycosa singoriensis)toxin Lycosin-Ⅰ as a template.In this study,we found that pHly-1 also had acid-sensitive anticancer activity.Further alanine scanning analysis of pHly-1 was carried out,and we ob-tained a mutant pHTP-2 with better acid sensitivity,whose IC50(half maximal inhibitory concentration)against A549 cells was 15.68 μmol/L at pH 6.6 and was greater than 100 μmol/L at pH 7.4.At pH 6.6,pHTP-2 could act on various lung cancer cell lines and induce the death of A549 cells by rapid ly-sis;at pH 7.4,500 μmol/L pHTP-2 had weak toxicity to red blood cells(the hemolysis rate was ap-proximately 38％)and primary myocardial cells(the inhibition rate was 49.7％,with P＜0.05).Analy-sis of its charge,particle size,morphology,and secondary structure showed that at pH 6.6,the histidine in the sequence of pHTP-2 was protonated,increasing the positive charge(P＜0.01),decreasing the hy-drated particle size(P＜0.05)and forming an α-helical structure to induce membrane lysis of A549 cells.At pH 7.4,it was deprotonated,the positive charge decreases,a β-sheet structure was formed and self-aggregation occurred,limiting its effect on the A549 cell membrane and showing weak activity.In summary,pHTP-2 could respond to the weakly acidic microenvironment of tumors to exert selective cyto-toxic activity,effectively overcoming the shortcomings of anticancer peptides such as low efficiency and high toxicity.Our findings suggest that it is a high-quality lead molecule for anticancer drugs.

Objective:To evaluate the levels and source of cadmium exposure by dietary pathway among middle-aged and elderly people ≥40 in cadmium-contaminated areas of China.Methods:A total of 7 193 people aged 40-89 years from four typical cadmium-contaminated areas in China were selected as the study subjects. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Total Diet Study (TDS) and a 3-day-24-hour dietary recall survey were conducted. Dietary cadmium intake and food sources through dietary pathways were assessed based on cadmium content in foods, consumption amounts and intake frequencies.Results:The mean age of the participants was 63.39±12.21 years, with 50.05% being males. The average monthly dietary cadmium intake was 7.39 μg/(kg·BW). Staple foods and vegetables were the primary sources of dietary cadmium intake, accounting for 57.51% and 32.48%, respectively. The monthly dietary cadmium intake in all surveyed regions did not exceed the Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).Conclusion:The monthly dietary cadmium intake among middle-aged and elderly people in cadmium-contaminated areas of China is relatively low, with the risk remaining at an acceptable level. Staple foods and vegetables are the most significant contributors to dietary cadmium intake.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objectives:To evaluate the performance of AVEIR VR single chamber leadless pacemaker(AVEIR VR)in the real world in China and the predictive factors of pacing threshold to assess the feasibility of AVEIRTM VR implantation in the domestic population.Methods:All patients who underwent AVEIR VR implantation by experienced operators from Peking University People's Hospital in multiple domestic hospitals from June 2024 to October 2024 were consecutively included,and their baseline characteristics,procedural data(including pacemaker electrical measurements at various stages),and follow-up results were observed,recorded,and statistically analyzed.Results:This study included 20 patients who met the indication for pacemaker implantation and underwent AVEIR VR implantation.Their mean age was(71.40±13.37)years,body mass index(BMI)was(23.05±3.71)kg/m2,body surface area(BSA)was(1.70±0.16)m2,all 20 patients were successfully implanted with pacemakers,there were no major complications(newly occurred pericardial effusion during the perioperative period,cardiac tamponade,poor pacemaker function,pacemaker dislocation/perforation,tricuspid valve injury,myocardial infarction,stroke,pulmonary embolism,and clinical death).One patient developed new frequent ventricular premature contractions after pacemaker release.The pacing threshold(PCT)at one week after implantation was correlated with PCT in tether mode(r=0.650,P=0.009)and PCT in release phase(r=0.596,P=0.019),but not with the sensing and impedance in each phase.Conclusions:This preliminary exploration study show that AVEIRTM VR implantation demonstrates satisfactory performance among real world patients in China,especially in elderly and low weight populations,confirming its safety.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*