ObjectiveAs a common lifestyle habit, alcohol consumption has a controversial association with the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To demonstrate the correlation between alcohol consumption and PD and to identify associated genes, we integrated findings from clinical surveys, genomics, transcriptomics, and animal experiments. MethodsWe investigated the alcohol consumption rates (including both before and after disease onset) among 244 PD patients in China and 177 PD patients from the U.S. NHANES database. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for three alcohol-related traits and seven PD-related datasets from the MRC IEU OpenGWAS database. Transcriptomic data from the substantia nigra of PD patients were obtained from three GEO datasets (GSE7621, GSE20141, and GSE49036) to analyze RIT2 gene transcription. Finally, three groups of animal experiments (water/20% ethanol/20% liquor, with 4 C57BL/6J mice per group) were conducted to examine changes in brain RIT2 gene expression and transcriptomic profiles following alcohol consumption. ResultsThe alcohol consumption rates among PD patients in China and the U.S. (9%-18.87%) were significantly lower than the general population rates of 15%-45% in their respective regions (P<0.001), suggesting a possible negative association between alcohol consumption and PD. Subsequently, in 21 bidirectional MR analyses using 3 alcohol-related GWAS datasets and 7 PD-related GWAS datasets, the forward MR analyses (alcohol intake as exposure, PD as outcome) yielded 12 negative associations (OR_IVW<1) and 9 positive associations (OR_IVW>1). Among these, only two negative associations reached statistical significance: alcohol intake frequency (OR_IVW=0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.93, P=0.010) and alcohol consumption (OR_IVW=0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.83, P=0.026). The forward MR analysis (alcohol intake→PD) identified 235 SNPs, annotated to 316 genes, while the reverse MR analyses (PD→alcohol intake) identified 37 SNPs, annotated to 53 genes. Notably, only the RIT2 gene appeared in both the forward and reverse MR analyses (alcohol intake→PD: rs28597806, rs8083110; PD→alcohol intake: rs4588066). RIT2 is selectively expressed in the human brain (FPKM: 5.259±2.103), with low or no expression in peripheral tissues (FPKM: <1). Analysis of three human substantia nigra transcriptomic datasets revealed a decreasing trend in RIT2 gene expression in PD patients (GSE20141 array signal: 3.49±1.23 vs. 2.33±0.87, P=0.044). Animal experiments demonstrated that administration of 20% ethanol or 20% liquor (approximately 8% ethanol) stimulated a >2-fold upregulation of RIT2 gene expression in the mouse brain. Furthermore, transcriptomic sequencing revealed that the two alcohol-treated groups exhibited 96 (20% ethanol vs. water control) and 4 (20% liquor vs. water control) differentially expressed genes, respectively, indicating that low-dose alcohol consumption can achieve RIT2 upregulation while minimizing impact on other brain genes. In addition to its anti-infective effects, low-dose alcohol consumption primarily influences signaling pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Prion diseases. ConclusionAlcohol consumption is generally considered as a harmful lifestyle habit. However, some studies have also shown a lower risk of mortality among individuals who consume low doses of alcohol (100 g/week of ethanol) or drink occasionally. Currently, one of the research focuses on alcohol consumption is whether the human body can benefit from low-dose alcohol intake. This study provides new evidence supporting a negative association between alcohol consumption and PD, and for the first time, through MR analysis, identifies the RIT2 gene as a potential mediator of the effect of alcohol consumption on PD. RIT2 is selectively expressed in the human brain. Building upon existing evidence indicating downregulated RIT2 gene expression in PD pathogenesis, our experiments confirm that low-dose alcohol consumption can upregulate RIT2 expression in the brain. In brief, alcohol consumption may suppress the pathogenesis of PD by upregulating RIT2 expression in the substantia nigra. China is facing a serious problem of population aging. This study offers important insights for long-term PD prevention and treatment strategies, with the aim of benefiting more potential PD patients through lifestyle modifications, thereby improving the quality of life of the aging population and reducing the economic burden on healthcare.

This study investigated the drug resistance and genetic relationships among strains co-existing in animals,the environ-ment,and the living quarters of employees at large-scale pig farms in certain regions of Shandong Province,to provide a scientific ba-sis for elucidating the transmission mechanisms of drug-resistant bacteria through bacterial traceability analysis.Samples were col-lected from two pig farms,and bacteria were isolated and purified.The species of the isolated strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with a VITEK-2 Compact system and the disk diffusion method for strains present in pigs,the environment,and living areas.Furthermore,whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina Miniseq platform to annotate drug resistance genes,and multilocus sequence typing(MLST)and core genome single nucleotide poly-morphism(cgSNP)analyses were used to trace the resistant strains.Three species—Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Bacillus cereus—were isolated and cultured from animals,the environment,and employee living areas,and their distributions were analyzed.These strains exhibited diverse drug resistance spectra and genetic diversity.Additionally,the strains displayed highly consistent resistance profiles,resistance genes,ST types,and SNP loci in pig urine,soil both inside and outside the facility,human drinking water,and the cafeteria and dormitories.Our findings indicated a potential risk of transmission of opportunistic pathogens be-tween the pig farming area and the living quarters.Particular attention should be paid to the environmental transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease that has been prevalent since December 2019. Chinese medicine (CM) has demonstrated its unique advantages in the fight against COVID-19 in the areas of disease prevention, improvement of clinical symptoms, and control of disease progression. This review summarized the relevant material components of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 by searching the relevant literature and reports on CM in the treatment of COVID-19 and combining with the physiological and pathological characteristics of the novel coronavirus. On the basis of sorting out experimental methods in vivo and in vitro, the mechanism of herb action was further clarified in terms of inhibiting virus invasion and replication and improving related complications. The aim of the article is to explore the strengths and characteristics of CM in the treatment of COVID-19, and to provide a basis for the research and scientific, standardized treatment of COVID-19 with CM.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; COVID-19/therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between physical activity and genetic risk and their combined effects on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 318,085 biobank participants from the UK. Physical activity was assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The participants were stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-genetic-risk groups based on their polygenic risk scores. Multivariate Cox regression models and multiplicative interaction analyses were used. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 13 years, 9,209 participants were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For low genetic risk, compared to low physical activity, the hazard ratios ( HRs) for moderate and high physical activity were 0.853 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.748-0.972) and 0.831 (95% CI: 0.727-0.950), respectively. For intermediate genetic risk, the HRs were 0.829 (95% CI: 0.758-0.905) and 0.835 (95% CI: 0.764-0.914), respectively. For participants with high genetic risk, the HRs were 0.809 (95% CI: 0.746-0.877) and 0.818 (95% CI: 0.754-0.888), respectively. A significant interaction was observed between genetic risk and physical activity. CONCLUSION Moderate or high levels of physical activity were associated with a lower risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across all genetic risk groups, highlighting the need to tailor activity interventions for genetically susceptible individuals.
Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Exercise ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Adult

Objective To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen combined with synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulation on patients with stroke-related sleep disorders.Methods From November,2023 to November,2024,a total of 68 stroke patients with stroke-related sleep disorders ad-mitted to Huashan Hospital,Fudan University were selected.They were randomly divided into control group(n=34)and experimental group(n=34).The control group received routine hyperbaric oxygen therapy,while the ex-perimental group received routine hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulation inside the chamber,for four weeks.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),sleep-monitoring wrist-bands,Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess the outcomes before and after treatment..Results Four patients in the control group and one in the experimental group dropped out.After treatment,the scores of each factors of PSQI decreased in both groups(t>2.693,P<0.05),and were lower in the experimental group than in the control group(t>2.699,P<0.01),expect hypnotic drug use(P>0.05);the total sleep time,deep sleep time and rapid eye movement sleep time became longer in both groups(|t|>7.270,P<0.001),and they were longer in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|>5.712,P<0.001);the scores of SAS and SDS decreased in both groups(t>9.530,P<0.001),and they were less in the experimental group than in the control group(t>4.740,P<0.001).Conclusion Synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulation in hyperbaric oxygen chamber could effectively prolong the total sleep time,deep sleep time and rapid eye movement time of patients with stroke-related sleep disorders,re-lieve anxiety and depression after stroke,and improve sleep quality.

Objective To analyze the application trends and research hotspots of brain-computer interface(BCI)technology in stroke rehabilitation over the past five years.Methods Relevant literatures on the use of BCI in stroke rehabilitation published between January,2021 and August,2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was used for visualiza-tion analysis.Results A total of 458 papers were included.The annual number of publications remained at a high level.China was the leading country in publication output,with Fudan University and Aalborg University as the top institutions.The most prolific author was Mads R.Jochumsen,while G.Pfurtscheller had the highest citation frequency.The key-words and burst terms with the highest frequency in this field were brain-computer interface,motor imagery,up-per limb and deep learning.Conclusion Over the past five years,research on BCI in stroke rehabilitation has maintained a high publication volume.The research hotspots focus on innovations in BCI algorithm technology and multidimensional validation of neu-ral mechanisms and rehabilitation efficacy.

This study investigated the drug resistance and genetic relationships among strains co-existing in animals,the environ-ment,and the living quarters of employees at large-scale pig farms in certain regions of Shandong Province,to provide a scientific ba-sis for elucidating the transmission mechanisms of drug-resistant bacteria through bacterial traceability analysis.Samples were col-lected from two pig farms,and bacteria were isolated and purified.The species of the isolated strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with a VITEK-2 Compact system and the disk diffusion method for strains present in pigs,the environment,and living areas.Furthermore,whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina Miniseq platform to annotate drug resistance genes,and multilocus sequence typing(MLST)and core genome single nucleotide poly-morphism(cgSNP)analyses were used to trace the resistant strains.Three species—Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Bacillus cereus—were isolated and cultured from animals,the environment,and employee living areas,and their distributions were analyzed.These strains exhibited diverse drug resistance spectra and genetic diversity.Additionally,the strains displayed highly consistent resistance profiles,resistance genes,ST types,and SNP loci in pig urine,soil both inside and outside the facility,human drinking water,and the cafeteria and dormitories.Our findings indicated a potential risk of transmission of opportunistic pathogens be-tween the pig farming area and the living quarters.Particular attention should be paid to the environmental transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID-HSCT) .Methods:A total of 141 AML patients who underwent HID-HSCT at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 2020 to July 2021 were included. The cumulative incidence of aGVHD was analyzed using the Fine-Gray competing risk model, with relapse and death as competing events, to compare differences between groups. Potential risk factors were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to determine their independent effects on aGVHD.Results:Among the 141 patients, 86 (61.0%) were male and 55 (39.0%) were female, with a median age at transplantation of 34 years. Within 100 days post-transplant, 59 patients developed grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD, whereas 86 patients experienced no or grade Ⅰ aGVHD (the grade 0-Ⅰ aGVHD group) . Survival analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival was 68.7% (95% CI: 57.7%-81.9%) in the grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group, compared with 78.8% (95% CI: 70.4%-88.3%) in the grade 0 - Ⅰ aGVHD group, with the difference not being statistically significant ( P=0.190) . Univariable analysis identified donor age ( P=0.020, HR=1.020, 95% CI: 1.000-1.040) and the female donor-male recipient sex combination ( P=0.033, HR=1.980, 95% CI: 1.160-3.380) as risk factors for grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD. Multivariable analysis confirmed that donor age ( P=0.005, HR=1.026, 95% CI: 1.008-1.047) and the female donor-male recipient sex combination ( P=0.002, HR=2.339, 95% CI: 1.354-4.037) were independent risk factors for aGVHD. Patients receiving grafts from donors aged >45 years had a significantly higher 100-day cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD compared with those receiving grafts from donors ≤45 years [54.7% (95% CI: 42.3%-67.0%) vs 31.6% (95% CI: 21.0%-42.1%) , P=0.006]. Similarly, patients with the female donor-male recipient sex combination had a higher 100-day cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD than those with other sex combinations [56.8% (95% CI: 40.4%-73.1%) vs 36.9% (95% CI: 27.5%-46.3%) , P=0.015]. Conclusion:Older donor age and the female donor-male recipient sex combination remain independent risk factors for aGVHD in patients with AML undergoing HID-HSCT.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.

Objective To explore the correlation between the rs7296288 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of the DHH gene and the onset of depression.Methods From March 2018 to December 2019,480 patients with depression in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,Jining Mental Hospital,Yunnan Mental Health Center were collected as the case group,and 329 patients without depression were collected as the control group.Peripheral blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted.After multiple amplification and high-throughput sequencing,statistical software was used to analyze the relevant data.Results The rs7296288 polymorphism of the DHH gene,the AA genotype was 32.9％in the control group and 36.7％in the case group,with no statistical difference;the AC genotype was 52.8％in the control group and 47.7％in the case group,with no statistical difference;the CC genotype was 14.3％in the control group and 15.6％in the case group,with no statistical difference.The co-dominant,dominant,and recessive statistical models were not statistically significant.Subgroup analysis of the degree of depressive episodes,suicide attempts,and first-episode patients did not find an association between the rs7296288 SNP locus of the DHH gene and the clinical features of depression,that is,the SNP rs7296288 of the DHH gene had no significant correlation with depression.Conclusion The rs7296288 polymorphism of DHH gene is not correlated with the pathogenesis of depression.