Abstract Postoperative urinary retention is a common complication after mixed hemorrhoid surgery, referring to the inability of urine in the bladder to be normally expelled, leading to urine retention. This condition not only prolongs the postoperative recovery time and increases medical costs, but may also cause problems such as urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction. The pathogenesis of urinary retention after mixed hemorrhoid surgery is complex, involving multiple factors such as the type of surgery, anesthesia method, individual differences among patients, postoperative pain management and psychological stress. Although there are various clinical treatment methods, their efficacy varies among individuals. This article reviews relevant literature from 2018 to 2024, analyzing the etiology of urinary retention after mixed hemorrhoid surgery. It summarizes the intervention measures and mechanisms of non-pharmacological treatments, such as physical therapy and analgesic techniques, as well as pharmacological treatments, including anticholinesterase drugs, selective α-receptor blockers and analgesics drugs, so as to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment of urinary retention after mixed hemorrhoid surgery.

Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

The chemical constituents were systematically separated from the roots of Berberis polyantha by various chromatographic methods, including silica gel column chromatography, HP20 column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, reversed-phase C_(18) column chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic techniques(1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, MS, and CD). Four phenylpropanoids were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of B. polyantha, and they were identified as(2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate(2),(+)-syringaresinol(3), and syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4). Compound 1 was a new compound, and other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated based on the release of nitric oxide(NO) in the culture of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. At a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), all the four compounds inhibited the LPS-induced release of NO in RAW264.7 cells, demonstrating potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Animals ; Mice ; Berberis/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Molecular Structure ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent suicidal ideation, and to examine the chain mediating roles of childhood trauma and ineffectiveness. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was administered by school psychologists to 4 157 mother-adolescent pairs from middle schools in Shanghai and Henan, China. Measures included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Children's Depression Inventory. Using Bootstrap method to examine the chain mediating effect of childhood trauma and ineffectiveness on the relationship between maternal depression symptoms and adolescent suicidal ideation. RESULTS: The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms was 17.68% (735/4 157); among adolescents, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.49% (644/4 157), and suicidal ideation was 28.19% (1 172/4 157). Adolescent depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were positively correlated with maternal depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and ineffectiveness (all P<0.01). Childhood trauma significantly mediated the association between maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms (95%CI: 0.046 9-0.077 2). The chain mediation of childhood trauma and ineffectiveness in the association between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent suicidal ideation was also significant (95%CI: 0.000 7-0.001 3). CONCLUSIONS Higher maternal depressive symptom levels are associated with a greater likelihood of adolescents' exposure to childhood trauma, which increases adolescents' ineffectiveness and, in turn, is associated with suicidal ideation. This chain effect has important implications for social interventions targeting adolescent depression.
Humans ; Suicidal Ideation ; Adolescent ; Female ; Depression/etiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mothers/psychology* ; Male ; Child ; Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dynamic changes of glucocorticoid (GC) dose and the feasibility of GC discontinuation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients under the background of Chinese medicine (CM). METHODS: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 1,196 RA patients enrolled in the China Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry of Patients with Chinese Medicine (CERTAIN) from September 1, 2019 to December 4, 2023, who initiated GC therapy. Participants were divided into the Western medicine (WM) and integrative medicine (IM, combination of CM and WM) groups based on medication regimen. Follow-up was performed at least every 3 months to assess dynamic changes in GC dose. Changes in GC dose were analyzed by generalized estimator equation, the probability of GC discontinuation was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve, and predictors of GC discontinuation were analyzed by Cox regression. Patients with <12 months of follow-up were excluded for the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Among 1,196 patients (85.4% female; median age 56.4 years), 880 (73.6%) received IM. Over a median 12-month follow-up, 34.3% (410 cases) discontinued GC, with significantly higher rates in the IM group (40.8% vs. 16.1% in WM; P<0.05). GC dose declined progressively, with IM patients demonstrating faster reductions (median 3.75 mg vs. 5.00 mg in WM at 12 months; P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis identified age <60 years [P<0.001, hazard ratios (HR)=2.142, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.523-3.012], IM therapy (P=0.001, HR=2.175, 95% CI: 1.369-3.456), baseline GC dose ⩽7.5 mg (P=0.003, HR=1.637, 95% CI: 1.177-2.275), and absence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (P=0.001, HR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.432-4.527) as significant predictors of GC discontinuation. Sensitivity analysis (545 cases) confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS RA patients receiving CM face difficulties in following guideline-recommended GC discontinuation protocols. IM can promote GC discontinuation and is a promising strategy to reduce GC dependency in RA management. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT05219214).
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Retrospective Studies

Refractory prolactinoma is the most common pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.Dopamine receptor agonists(DA)are the primary choice for drug treatment.Most patients with prolactinomas respond well to DA.However,a minority of prolactinomas patients still show resistance to DA.Although drug-resistant and refractory prolactinomas are rare in clinical practice,their treatment is extremely challenging.Even a combination of drug therapy,multiple surgeries,and radiotherapy may not yield satisfactory outcomes.Therefore,standardizing the diagnosis and treatment process and pathway for refractory prolactionmas and exploring more effective multidisciplinary collaborative treatment strategies are urgent problems to be solved.In the clinical management of refractory prolactinomas,it is often necessary to consider the patient's condition comprehensively,replace other types of DA,or consider surgery,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy,which requires multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment.This review synthesizes the latest literature at home and abroad to systematically discuss the latest advances in drug therapy,surgery,and radiotherapy treatments for refractory prolactionmas,aiming to provide new ideas for basic research,clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the modal testing method for the three-axis manned centrifuge under elastic boundary conditions with considerations on its complicated structure and high rotational inertia.Methods Modal testing was carried out with a three-axis manned centrifuge under elastic boundary conditions as the subject and a force hammer as the excitation source according to GJB 2706A-2008 Modal tests method for spacecraft and GB/T 11349.3-1992 Experimental determination of mechnical mobility measurements using impact excitation.Four times of hammering were carried out at each excitation position,and the data of the four times of hammering underwent linear average computation.Data acquisition was implemented with a three-axis accelerometer and a 64-channel data collector,and the modal data were analyzed using a frequency response function based on the Test.Lab modal test and analysis software.Results The coherence coefficient of the excitation signal was not lower than 0.8 in the 30 Hz band;the first three orders of the system's intrinsic vibrations were all torsional vibrations,with the frequencies of 9.15,15.66 and 19.22 Hz,respectively;the first order frequency of the system was about 9.15 Hz for both Z18 and Z21 excitation positions,and each of the second and third order frequencies similar situations were observed for also had a roughly equal value for the two excitation positions.Conclusion The force hammer testing method is applicable for the modal testing of the three-axis manned centrifuge,ensuring equipment safety and subject comfort.Referen-ces are provided for the following structural optimization design.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(8):38-43]

Objective To explore the correlation between serum microRNA-29a-3p(miR-29a-3p),throm-bospondin 2(THBS2)and cardiopulmonary function in children with chronic pulmonary heart disease.Meth-ods A total of 136 children with chronic pulmonary heart disease treated in Shijiazhuang Hospital of Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine from July 2019 to September 2023 were selected as the study subjects.Based on their clinical signs,cardiopulmonary function,and symptoms,they were divided into a compensated group(74 ca-ses)and a decompensated group(62 cases).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was applied to detect serum miR-29a-3p level,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect serum THBS2 level.Moreover,ultrasound diagnostic equipment was applied to detect cardiac function indicators such as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and cardiac output(CO).Creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)and troponin(cTnl)were detected by electroluminescence analysis.Pulmonary function indicators were detected by pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP)and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure(PADP).Pearson correlation was used to analyze the corre-lation between serum miR-29a-3p and THBS2 levels and cardiopulmonary function indexes in children with chronic pulmonary heart disease,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influen-cing factors of the disease in children with chronic pulmonary heart disease.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the evaluation value of serum miR-29a-3p and THBS2 levels in children with chronic pulmonary heart disease.Results The THBS2,CK-MB,cTnI,PASP,MPAP,and PADP in the decompensated group were higher than those in the compensated group(P＜0.05),while miR-29a-3p,LVEF,and CO were lower than those in the compensated group(P＜0.05).Serum miR-29a-3p in children with chro-nic pulmonary heart disease was positively correlated with LVEF and CO(P＜0.05),but negatively correla-ted with CK-MB,cTnI,PASP,MPAP,and PADP(P＜0.05).THBS2 was negatively correlated with LVEF and CO(P＜0.05),but positively correlated with CK-MB,cTnI,PASP,MPAP,and PADP(P＜0.05).MiR-29a-3p was a protective factor for exacerbation of chronic pulmonary heart disease in children(P＜0.05),while THBS2 was an independent risk factor for exacerbation of chronic pulmonary heart disease in children(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum miR-29a-3p and THBS2 levels alone and in combination for evaluating the severity of chronic pulmonary heart disease in children were 0.827,0.817 and 0.915,respectively.Conclusion Serum miR-29a-3p and THBS2 levels are both factors affecting the disease of children with chronic pulmonary heart disease,and are closely related to the disease and cardiopulmonary function of children with chronic pulmonary heart disease.

The outer membrane composed predominantly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential biological barrier for most Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide transport protein (Lpt) complex LptDE is responsible for the critical final stage of LPS transport and outer membrane assembly. The structure and function of LptDE are highly conserved in most G^- bacteria but absent in mammalian cells, and thus LptDE complex is regarded as an attractive antibacterial target. In recent 10 years, the deciphering of the three-dimensional structure of LptDE protein facilities the drug discovery based on such "non-enzyme" proteins. Murepavadin, a peptidomimetic compound, was reported to be the first compound able to target LptD, enlightening a new class of antibacterial molecules with novel mechanisms of action. This article is devoted to summarize the molecular characteristics, structure-function of LptDE protein complex and review the development of murepavadin and related peptidomimetic compounds, in order to provide references for relevant researches.

Objective: To learn anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life among patients with primary pruritus ani, and to analyze their correlation with anal itching symptom, so as to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of primary pruritus ani. Methods: Patients with primary pruritus ani were selected from anorectal department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. The Visual Analogue Scale, pruritus frequency score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index (Chinese version) were used in the survey. Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to analyze the correlation between the degree and frequency of pruritus ani with, anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life. Results: Sixty patients with primary pruritus ani were investigated, including of 7 males and 53 females, with an average age of (34.37±10.30) years. The patients with mild, moderate and severe pruritus accounted for 28.33%, 48.33% and 23.34%, respectively. The patients with pruritus frequency of grade 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 51.67%, 38.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The patients with anxiety, depression, and coexistence of anxiety and depression accounted for 18.33%, 13.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The patients with very good, good, average and poor sleep quality accounted for 15.00%, 46.66%, 30.00% and 8.34%, respectively. No, mild, moderate and severe impacts on quality of life among the patients accounted for 10.00%, 46.66%, 33.34% and 10.00%, respectively. The degree of pruritus was positively correlated with anxiety (rs=0.405, P=0.001), depression (rs=0.343, P=0.007), sleep quality (rs=0.293, P=0.037) and quality of life (rs=0.338, P=0.008). However, there was no significant correlation between the frequency of pruritus with the above factors (all P>0.05). Conclusion The degree of pruritus in patients with primary pruritus ani is related to anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life.