This study identified 8 members including NjBIN2 of the GSK3 family in Nardostachys jatamansi by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree revealed that the GKS3 family members of N. jatamansi had a close relationship with those of Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR results showed that NjBIN2 presented a tissue-specific expression pattern with the highest expression in roots, suggesting that NjBIN2 played a role in root growth and development. In addition, the application of epibrassinolide or the brassinosteroid(BR) synthesis inhibitor(brassinazole) altered the expression pattern of NjBIN2 and influenced the photomorphogenesis(cotyledon opening) and root development of N. jatamansi, which provided direct evidence about the functions of NjBIN2. In conclusion, this study highlights the roles of BIN2 in regulating the growth and development of N. jatamansi by analyzing the expression pattern and biological function of NjBIN2. It not only enriches the understanding about the regulatory mechanism of the growth and development of N. jatamansi but also provides a theoretical basis and potential gene targets for molecular breeding of N. jatamansi with improved quality in the future.
Brassinosteroids/metabolism* ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Nardostachys/metabolism* ; Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology* ; Plant Roots/drug effects*

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. Common treatments include hepatectomy, liver transplantation, ablation therapy, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). While exhibiting specific advantages, these approaches are associated with varying degrees of adverse effects. To alleviate patients' suffering and burdens, it is crucial to explore additional treatments and elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC, laying a foundation for the development of new TCM-based drugs. With emerging research on gut microbiota, it has been revealed that microbiota plays a vital role in the development of HCC by influencing intestinal barrier function, microbial metabolites, and immune regulation. TCM, with its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, has been increasingly recognized as a vital therapeutic treatment for HCC, particularly in patients at intermediate or advanced stages, by prolonging survival and improving quality of life. Recent global studies demonstrate that TCM exerts anti-HCC effects by modulating gut microbiota, restoring intestinal barrier function, regulating microbial composition and its metabolites, suppressing inflammation, and enhancing immune responses, thereby inhibiting the malignant phenotype of HCC. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to the development and progression of HCC and highlight the regulatory effects of TCM, addressing the current gap in systematic understanding of the "TCM-gut microbiota-HCC" axis. The findings provide theoretical support for integrating TCM with western medicine in HCC treatment and promote the transition from basic research to precision clinical therapy through microbiota-targeted drug development and TCM-based interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/microbiology* ; Liver Neoplasms/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

Aim To investigate the predictive value of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]combined with systemic inflam-matory response index(SIRI)on in-stent restenosis(ISR)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods The clinical data of 770 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2012 to December 2024 and underwent coronary angiography six months after surgery were collected.According to the imaging re-sults,the patients were divided into ISR group(n=194)and non-ISR group(n=576).Multivariate Logistic regression and random forest model were used to analyze the independent risk factors of ISR.Risk factors included in the analysis were glycated hemoglobin,SIRI,Lp(a),lymphocyte count,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1)and residual cholesterol.Results The levels of Lp(a)and SIRI in the ISR group were significantly higher than those in the non-ISR group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the combined indicator of Lp(a)and SIRI was 0.789,which was higher than the 0.652 of the single indicator Lp(a)and 0.778 of SIRI.Conclusion Lp(a)and SIRI are independent risk factors for the occurrence of ISR after PCI,and the combination of Lp(a)and SIRI can better predict the occurrence of ISR.

Objective:To analyze the symptoms,diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract calculi patients combined with mild and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)after ureteral stent implantation.Methods:One hundred and six BPH pa-tients who were hospitalized for upper urinary tract calculi and had ureteral stents retained from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected and divided into 2 weeks group and 4 weeks group according to the time of removal of ureteral stents after surgery.Their gener-al clinical data were analyzed and compared.International Prostatic Symptom Scale(IPSS),postoperative ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire(USSQ),and incidence of adverse events after ureteral stent removal were recorded before and after removal.Results:The scores of IPSS were significantly increased in all patients,and symptoms in urinary tract had improved significantly after discharge(P＜0.05).Compared with the 2 weeks group,the USSQ score of the 4 weeks group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).And no significant adverse event was observed in the 2 weeks group after the removal of ureteral sten.Conclusion:IPSS score and USSQ score increased significantly during stent implantation in BPH patients with lithiasis.And complications increased sig-nificantly over time.Following thorough clinical assessment,early ureteral stent removal demonstrates both safety and efficacy,repre-senting an optimal therapeutic approach in selected cases.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Aim To investigate the predictive value of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]combined with systemic inflam-matory response index(SIRI)on in-stent restenosis(ISR)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods The clinical data of 770 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2012 to December 2024 and underwent coronary angiography six months after surgery were collected.According to the imaging re-sults,the patients were divided into ISR group(n=194)and non-ISR group(n=576).Multivariate Logistic regression and random forest model were used to analyze the independent risk factors of ISR.Risk factors included in the analysis were glycated hemoglobin,SIRI,Lp(a),lymphocyte count,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1)and residual cholesterol.Results The levels of Lp(a)and SIRI in the ISR group were significantly higher than those in the non-ISR group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the combined indicator of Lp(a)and SIRI was 0.789,which was higher than the 0.652 of the single indicator Lp(a)and 0.778 of SIRI.Conclusion Lp(a)and SIRI are independent risk factors for the occurrence of ISR after PCI,and the combination of Lp(a)and SIRI can better predict the occurrence of ISR.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture at Jiaji(EX-B2)points for lumbar disc degeneration in rats.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats in the model group and electroacupuncture group were constructed a lumbar disc degeneration model by annulus fibrosus puncture method,and the sham-operation group was only given separation of intervertebral discs without other treatments.After successful modeling,the electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture at the L4 and L5 bilateral Jiaji points.No treatment was given to the sham-operation group and the model group.At the end of the intervention,the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PMWT)was detected by electronic Von Frey filaments,the changes of the structure of lumbar disc in rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in the supernatant of lumbar intervertebral disc tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the ratio of nucleus pulposus cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Fas-associated death domain protein(FADD),cysteinyl aspartate specific protease 8(Caspase-8),B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax)and Bcl-2 in the nucleus pulposus of lumbar intervertebral disc,the protein expression levels of FADD,Caspase-8,Bax,and Bcl-2 in the nucleus pulposus of lumbar intervertebral disc were detected by Western Blot.Results The overall structure of the intervertebral disc in rats of the model group was abnormal and obvious degeneration was seen;the degeneration of intervertebral disc tissue in the electroacupuncture group was significantly improved compared with that of the model group.Compared with the sham-operation group,the model group showed lower PWMT,and the higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α,the increased proportion of G0/G1 nucleus pulposus cells and decreased proportion of G2/M nucleus pulposus cells,and the increased mRNA and protein expression levels of FADD,Caspase-8 and Bax and the decreased mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the electroacupuncture group showed higher PWMT,the lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α,the decreased proportion of G0/G1 nucleus pulposus cells and the increased proportion of G2/M nucleus pulposus cells,and the decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of FADD,Caspase-8 and Bax and the increased mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at the Jiaji points can alleviate inflammatory reaction,regulate nucleus pulposus cell cycle to improve the structural changes of lumbar disc through regulating the FADD/Caspase-8 signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis,thereby slowing down rat lumbar disc degeneration.

Paeonia veitchii and P. lactiflora are both original plants of the famous Chinese medicinal drug Paeoniae Radix Rubra in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They have important medicinal value and great potential in the flower market. The selection of stable and reliable reference genes is a necessary prerequisite for molecular research on P. veitchii. In this study, two reference genes, Actin and GAPDH, were selected as candidate genes from the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The expression levels of the two candidate genes in different tissues(phloem, xylem, stem, leaf, petiole, and ovary) and different growth stages(bud stage, flowering stage, and dormant stage) of P. veitchii were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative technology(qRT-PCR). Then, the stability of the expression of the two reference genes was comprehensively analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCT, and RefFinder. The results showed that the expression patterns of Actin and GAPDH were stable in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii. Furthermore, the expression levels of eight genes(Pv-TPS01, Pv-TPS02, Pv-CYP01, Pv-CYP02, Pv-CYP03, Pv-BAHD01, Pv-UGT01, and Pv-UGT02) in different tissues were further detected based on the transcriptome data of P. veitchii. The results showed that when Actin and GAPDH were used as reference genes, the expression trends of the eight genes in different tissues of P. veitchii were consistent, validating the reliability of Actin and GAPDH as reference genes for P. veitchii. In conclusion, this study finds that Actin and GAPDH can be used as reference genes for studying gene expression levels in different tissues and growth stages of P. veitchii.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Paeonia/genetics* ; Actins/genetics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transcriptome ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics* ; Reference Standards ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods*