Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that can enter the human body through the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and other pathways. More and more studies have found that exposure to TCS and TCC can affect human health, but currently, review reports on the health effects of human exposure to TCS and TCC are limited. Therefore, this study reviewed population studies on the relationship between TCS and TCC exposure and health effects by searching the PubMed database, summarized the associated health outcomes, and elucidated the biological mechanisms. A total of 56 studies were retrieved, among which cross-sectional studies (25 studies, 44.64%) and cohort studies (25 studies, 44.64%) accounted for a relatively large proportion, while case-control studies (6 studies, 10.72%) were relatively few. Studies on TCS exposure (48 studies, 85.71%) were far more prevalent than those on TCC exposure (2 studies, 3.57%). The remaining 6 studies involved both TCS and TCC exposure. The research results revealed that TCS exposure was associated with male and female abnormal reproductive functions, fetal growth restriction, abnormal behavior development in children, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and immune-related diseases. Although the results of different studies show significant differences, they have indicated that exposure to TCS is a potential risk factor for these health problems. Due to the limited number of studies, the evidence for the relationship between TCC exposure and most of the aforementioned health effects is insufficient. Population studies and in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that exposure to TCS and TCC can interfere with the microbial homeostasis, the endocrine system, oxidative stress and immune function of the body, which are potential mechanisms causing adverse health effects. In the future, large-scale prospective cohort studies, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies, are still needed to further clarify the associations between TCS and TCC exposure and health effects, and to deeply explore its mechanism of action. These efforts will provide references for clarifying the human health hazards of TCS and TCC exposure and formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.

Objective To analyze the basic conditions and pathological characteristics of the samples in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University,which were pathologically diagnosed as cerebral amyloid angiopathy,and to provide reference for the research of related diseases.Methods The basic data of gender,age,apolipoprotein E genotype,pathological classification of cerebral amyloid angiopathy,Alzheimer's disease-related pathological change score,comorbidities and other pathological information were analyzed.Results Up to October 2024,twenty samples were confirmed by pathological diagnosis,with a male to female ratio of 3:1 and an average age of(80.90±8.08)years.Involve three kinds of apolipoprotein E subtype,5 kinds of genotypes(ε2/ε3 xε2/ε4、ε3/ε3 xε3/ε4、ε4/ε4);There were 2 pathologic types,including 6 cases of type 1 and 14 cases of type 2.The pathological grade included 3 grades.The severity grade and subtype classification of cerebral amyloid vascular disease were correlated with the degree of pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease.Cerebral amyloid angiopathy samples could coexist with other degenerative diseases with high comorbidity.Conclusion The incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy is higher in the aged samples collected based on Brain Bank,which coexists with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and microbleeds,etc.It provides more detailed pathological diagnosis basis for further scientific research sharing of samples.

Objective Understanding the population structure of mosquitoes in the drainage system of Minhang District,Shanghai,and exploring the physical prevention and control technology of mosquito traps with a Vazor mosquito repellent film in the drainage system.Methods A 500 mL water spoon was used to assist in visual inspection to investigate the breeding status of mosquito larvae in the drainage system.A carbon dioxide mosquito trap method was used to monitor adult mosquitoes around the ground drainage system,and the artificial hour method was used to monitor adult mosquitoes around the underground drainage system.Mosquito-repellent film was applied at a rate of 1 mL/m2 to the drainage system where mosquito larvae or pupae are found,and the breeding situation was observed and recorded.Results The positivity rate of mosquitoes breeding in the ground drainage system was 50%.The mosquito larvae in the drainage channels were primarily Aedes albopictus,whereas Ae.albopictus were primarily noted in the sewage wells.The proportions of Ae.albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens in the rainwater wells were similar,and the dominant mosquito species around the surface drainage system was Ae.Albopictus.The positive rate of mosquito breeding in the underground drainage system was 47%,with the dominant mosquito species being Cx.pipiens pallens(58.39%)followed by Ae.albopictus(41.6%).The dominant adult mosquito species around the drainage system were Cx.pipiens pallens(83%)followed by Ae.albopictus(11%).In terms of the effectiveness of mosquito-repellent water film,the mosquito breeding rates of the ground and underground drainage systems using mosquito-repellent water film decreased to 2.78%and 5%after 1 week of use,respectively,and then rebounded after the 3rd week.After a supplementary dose during the 5th week,the breeding rates returned to normal.No statistically significant differences were observed in the effect compared with the standard control group using 1%bisulfite granules;however,a statistically significant difference was noted compared with the blank control group without special treatment.Conclusions In the drainage system of Minhang District,Shanghai,mosquito breeding is severe,and variations exist in the dominant mosquito species in different environmental drainage facilities.The simultaneous use of mosquito-repellent films can effectively control mosquito breeding in drainage systems.

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese version of Visual Prostate Symptom Score(CVPSS)and the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)in the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in BPH pa-tients.Methods By using convenient sampling,inpatients in the urology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai were selected as the survey subjects from March 2023 to March 2024.The lower urinary tract symptoms of the patients were eval-uated using the self-designed general information questionnaire.And the CVPSS and IPSS with their urine flow rate were meas-ured.A comparative analysis was conducted from aspects such as internal consistency,correlation of item scores,completion time of the scale,and assistance rate.Results A total of 246 patients with BPH were recruited.The total score and life quality score were 13.93±3.55 and 4.23±1.02 by CVPSS.And the total score and life quality by IPSS was 18.33±7.55 and 4.36±1.02,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficient were 0.761 and 0.787,respectively.The time taken on CVPSS was less than that on IPSS(P＜0.01).And the rate of needing assistance was 23.58％for CVPSS,which was significantly lower than that(65.24％)for IPSS.Conclusion CVPSS is significantly correlated with the corresponding items and total scores of IPSS,as well as the quality of life.Moreover,it takes less time and can be used as a simple and effective self-assessment tool for lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly BPH patients with lower education levels.It reduces the burden of medical staffs as well.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of hydrogen peroxide disinfectant on terminal disinfection in wards of medical institutions.METHODS The surfaces of highly frequent contact objects of the wards of the First Affilia-ted Hospital of Nanchang University from which the public health center patients were discharged between Apr.2024 and Jun.2024 were respectively disinfected with 0.5％(low)and 5％(high)concentrations of hydrogen peroxide disinfecting wipes,totally 180 samples were randomly collected before and after the disinfection,and the pathogens were detected.The air of the wards from which the public health center patients were discharged be-tween Jul.2024 and Aug.2024 were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide dry mist disinfection device,and 90 sam-ples were respectively collected before and after the disinfection.Geobacillus stearothermophilus was used as the biological indicator and placed at various points within the air-disinfected wards to evaluate the disinfection level.The environmental sampling results and distribution of bacteria were observed and compared.RESULTS The qualified rates of disinfection of the object surfaces were 95.56％(86/90)and 98.89％(89/90)respectively for the low and high concentratioins of hydrogen peroxide disinfecting wipes,and there was no significant difference in the disinfection effect.Totally 120 strains of pathogens were isolated from unqualified samples before the disinfection,among which gram-negative bacteria(69.17％)were dominant,and the isolation rate of multidrug-resistant or-ganisms was 22.50％(27/120);only 1 strain of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated after the disinfection.The qualified rate of disinfection of air in the wards was 96.00％by 7.5％hydrogen peroxide dry mist disinfection device,the average bacterial colony counts in the air were 2 CFU/(5 min·vsl)after the dis-infection,and the killing rate of Geobacillus stearothermophilus was 100.00％by the air disinfection.CONCLUSION The hydrogen peroxide disinfectant can meet the requirement for terminal disinfection of the wards of the medical institutions,and it is portable and highly efficient.

Objective:To determine whether spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers secondary neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in remote brain regions by impairing the drainage function of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs).Methods:Fifty-two female C57BL/6 mice were assigned with the random number table into four groups ( n=13 per group): sham group, SCI group, adeno-associated virus negative control group (negative control group), and adeno-associated virus overexpressing VEGF-C group (VEGF-C group). The sham group underwent laminectomy without spinal cord injury. In the SCI group, negative control group and VEGF-C group, T 9 contusion was made to establish the SCI models using a modified Allen′s impactor. At 4 weeks before SCI modeling, the negative control group and VEGF-C group were injected via the cisterna magna with 3 μl adeno-associated virus for negative control or adeno-associated virus for VEGF-C overexpression. At 56 days after injury, Alexa Fluor? 647 ovalbumin conjugate (OVA-647) was injected via the cisterna magna as a tracer. Two hours later, the proportion of OVA-647 in the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLN) was detected. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess the proportion of MLVs marker lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and expression levels of microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and thalamus across the experimental groups. ELISA was employed to quantify the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Nissl staining was used to assess neuronal counts in these regions. Results:At 56 days after injury, the OVA-647 proportion in the dCLN was higher in the sham group than that in the SCI group and negative control group ( P<0.01), whereas the SCI group and negative control group showed a lower OVA-647 proportion in the dCLN than the VEGF-C group ( P<0.05). At 56 days after injury, the dural LYVE-1 proportion was higher in the sham group than that in the SCI group and negative control group ( P<0.01), whereas it was lower in the SCI group and negative control group than that in the VEGF-C group ( P<0.05). At 56 days after injury, the count of Iba1-positive microglia across all the above-mentioned regions was increased in the SCI group and negative control group ( P<0.01), compared with that in the sham group, whereas it was reduced in these regions in the VEGF-C group, compared with that in the SCI group and negative control group ( P<0.01). At 56 days after injury, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in these regions were both elevated in the SCI group and negative control group when compared with those in the sham group ( P<0.05), whereas they were reduced in the VEGF-C group, compared with those in the SCI group and negative control group ( P<0.05). At 56 days after injury, neuronal survival in the regions was decreased in the SCI group and negative control group, compared with that in the sham group ( P<0.05), whereas it was increased in the VEGF-C group, compared with that in the SCI group and negative control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SCI can induce secondary neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in remote brain regions by impairing the drainage function of MLVs.

Objective:To identify the relevant factors for the first-course remission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to develop a predictive model as well as assess its predictive capability.Methods:Clinical data of 749 patients newly diagnosed with AML admitted to the Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine from January 1, 2019, to April 30, 2023, were collected and randomly divided into training and validation sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine variables associated with complete remission in the first course of induction therapy, and a predictive model was established based on these variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the predictive model was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.Results:The indicators predicting the first remission course included peripheral blood white blood cell count during onset, CBF::MYH11 fusion gene, CEBPA bZIP region mutation, myelodysplastic syndrome-related gene mutation, and induction chemotherapy regimen selection as independent factors for the first remission course. The model’s area under the training and validation curves was 0.738 (95% CI: 0.696-0.780) and 0.726 (95% CI: 0.650-0.801), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test results yielded P-values of 0.993 and 0.335, respectively. Conclusion:In this study, the developed model demonstrates a strong predictive capability for the efficacy of the first course of patients with AML, providing valuable guidance to clinicians in assessing patient prognosis and selecting appropriate treatment strategies.

Objective:To explore the risk fall death associated with compound hot extremes.Methods:This study collected data on fall deaths in Guangdong, Hunan, and Zhejiang Provinces from 2013 to 2018 and matched their exposure to meteorological data. Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, a conditional logistic regression model embedded with a cross-basis function of the distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to estimate the risk of fall to death due to compound hot extremes.Results:Compared with regular days, compound hot extremes significantly increased the risk of death from falls ( OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.30), and women ( OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.11-1.45) and the elderly age 65 and above ( OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.12-1.39) were more sensitive to compound hot extremes. The maximum duration of compound hot extremes was 7 days, and the maximum intensity was 6.2 ℃, and the duration and intensity were proportional to the risk of death from falls. The risk of death from falls increased by 12% ( OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.18) each day, increasing in duration after linearization. The risk of death from falls increased by 16% ( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.10-1.22) for each 1 ℃ increase in linearized intensity. Conclusion:Compound hot extremes increase the risk of death cases from falls.

Objective:To explore the early and mid-term efficacy of three-dimensional printed customized porous prosthesis with preserved articular in the reconstruction of ultra-long segmental bone defect around the metaphysis of peri-knee.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 24 patients who underwent reconstruction of ultra-long segmental bone defect around the metaphysis of peri-knee using 3D-printed customized porous prostheses at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2015 to June 2021. There were 14 female cases and 10 male cases, with an average age of 28.9±16.5 years (range, 12-61 years), 12 cases at the distal end of the femur and 12 cases at the proximal end of the tibia. Tumor types: 16 cases of osteosarcoma, 4 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, 2 cases of chondrosarcoma, and 2 case of parosteal osteosarcoma. All patients were classified as Enneking stage IIB. Record the oncology results of the patients, the length of tumor segment resection, and the remaining bone length at the distal femur or proximal tibia, as well as complications, systemic metastasis and imaging changes. The bone integration at the prosthesis-bone interface was evaluated by tomosynthesis-shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T-SMART). Limb function was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS)-93 score and knee range of motion assessment.Results:All 24 patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up, with an average follow-up time of 51.8±12.7 months (range, 32-99 months). The length of femoral osteotomy was 241.1±66.2 mm (range, 150.6-333.4 mm), and the length of tibial osteotomy was 198.6±35.6 mm (range, 156.6-287.6 mm). The remaining bone length at the epiphyseal end around the knee joint (from the knee joint plane to the osteotomy plane of the distal femur or proximal tibia) was 52.6±11.0 mm (range, 31.1-77.5 mm). At the last follow-up, 23 patients survived tumor-free, while one patient died due to lung metastasis 54 months after the operation. One patient had prosthesis fracture 75 months after the operation, two patients had aseptic loosening 6 and 8 months after the operation, and the T-SMART of the remaining 20 patients showed that the implanted prostheses all achieved good osseointegration. At the last follow-up, the range of motion of the knee joint was 126.2°±7.5° (range, 110.0°-140.0°), and the MSTS-93 score was 26.7±1.8 points (range, 23-30 points). Among them, the MSTS-93 score of the femoral prosthesis was 26.7±1.6 points (range, 24-29 points), and the MSTS-93 score of the tibial prosthesis was 26.9±1.9 points (range, 23-30 points). The average knee range of motion was 126.2°±7.5° (range, 110°-140°), and the MSTS-93 functional score was 26.7±1.8 points (range, 23-30 points) at the last follow-up. The femoral component had an average score of 26.7±1.6 points (range, 24-29 points), while the tibial component had an average score of 26.9±1.9 points (range, 23-30 points).Conclusion:The application three-dimensional printed customized porous prosthesis with preserved articular in the reconstruction of ultra-long segmental bone defect around the metaphysis of peri-knee can preserve the joint, restore limb function well, and have a low incidence of prosthesis complications, with good clinical efficacy in the early and middle stages.