Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Yichang City from 2015 to 2023 and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in infectious disease prevention and control, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze annual incidence rates. SARIMA and SARIMA intervention models were constructed to predict the incidence rates of infectious diseases. Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was applied to assess the control effectiveness. Results The average annual incidence rate from 2015 to 2023 was 787.47/100 000, with the top five diseases being influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases. The average incidence rate from 2015 to 2019 (654.31/100 000) was significantly higher than that from 2020 to 2022 (489.01/100 000) (χ²= 3 499.6, P < 0.05). The total incidence rate in 2023 (2 396.51/100 000) was significantly higher than the average annual incidence rates from 2015-2019 (χ²= 108 186.1, P < 0.05) and 2020-2022 (χ²= 112 869.4, P < 0.05). SARIMA model results indicated that the actual incidence rate from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 73.49% compared to the predicted rate without intervention, with the highest decline observed in respiratory infectious diseases (79.57%). The SARIMA-intervention model showed a 55.48% relative decrease in the total incidence rate for 2023, with the largest reduction in respiratory infectious diseases (63.28%) and a slight increase in intestinal infectious diseases (5.48%). Conclusion NPIs effectively reduce the incidence of statutory infectious diseases in the short term, especially for acute respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. However, long-term effectiveness faces challenges, necessitating the development of differentiated prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To investigate the effects of combination therapy with aqueous extract of corn silk(CS)and training on exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism in mice with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:In this study,db/db mice were used as the animal model of MS.The mice were administered aqueous extract of CS via gavage and subjected to different intensities of training for 12 weeks(3 months).The specific experimental design was as follows:24 db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups on average:negative control group(NC),aqueous extract of CS group(CS),aqueous extract of CS+moderate-intensity training group(CS+MT),and CS aqueous extract of CS+high-intensity training group(CS+HT).The maximum running speed,forelimb grip strength,body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured before and after treatment.After the intervention,oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin tolerance test(ITT)were conducted to assess glucose metabolism,while serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured to evaluate lipid metabolism.Results:After 3 months of intervention,there were significant differences in the maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength among the four groups(P＜0.05).The maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength of CS group,CS+MT group and CS+HT group were higher than those of NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group exhibited higher forelimb grip strength,and the CS+HT group showed higher maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength compared to the CS group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).Significant differences in body weight were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).Specifically,the CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited significantly lower body weight compared to both the NC and CS groups(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group having the lowest body weight(P＜0.05).Fasting blood glucose levels also differed significantly among the groups after 2 and 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).The CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups had lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the NC group(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT and CS+HT groups showing the lowest levels(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).After 3 months of intervention,significant differences in the area under the curve(AUC)of OGTT and ITT were observed among the four groups(P＜0.05).The AUC of OGTT and ITT were significantly lower in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited the lowest AUC values for both OGTT and ITT(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group showing the lowest AUC for OGTT(P＜0.05).Significant differences in serum lipid levels were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).TG,TC,and LDL-C levels were significantly lower,while HDL-C levels were higher in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group had the lowest TG levels and the highest HDL-C levels compared to the CS+HT group(P＜0.05),with no significant differences in TC and LDL-C levels between these two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Aqueous extract of CS combined with different intensity training can significantly improve the exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism of MS mice and reduce body weight,especially CS combined with MT treatment is more effective in improving lipid metabolism.In addition,when combined with HT,aqueous extract of CS can also play an auxiliary role in reducing the side effects of high-intensity exercise and improving the therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVE To observe the in vitro induced drug resistance mechanisms of polymyxin B-resistant Acin-etobacter baumannii and explore the in vitro antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B combined with melatonin.METHODS Totally 10 strains of polymyxin B-sensitive A.baumannii were clinically isolated from the Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo university between Jan.2021 to Dec.2021 and were induced to the polymyxin B-resistant strains by means of in vitro induction method.The drug resistance mechanisms of the polymyxin B-resistant A.baumannii strains were explored by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)combined with sequencing analysis.The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of the single and joint use of polymyxin B and melatonin were detected by using broth microdilution checkerboard.The antibacterial effect of polymyxin combined with melatonin was e-valuated by calculating fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI).The strains that showed the remarkable synergistic effect for the antimicrobial activity were chosen to determine the time-kill curves.RESULTS Among the polymyxin B-induced drug-resistant A.baumannii strains,there were gene mutations at various loci of polymyxin resistance genes pmrB,lpxA and lpxD.The MIC of polymyxin B against A.baumannii strains declined after the combined use of polymyxin B and melatonin.The combined use of the two drugs that showed synergistic effect for antimicrobial activity accounted for 80.00％(8/10),the additive effect 20.00％(2/10).The time-kill curve showed that the combined use of polymyxin B and melatonin showed remarkable antibacterial effect at the 24th hour.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance gene mutations that are mediated by chromosomes are the major drug resist-ance mechanisms of the A.baumannii strains to polymyxin B.The combined use of polymyxin B and melatonin may reverse the drug resistance of the A.baumannii to polymyxin B.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk colorectal adenoma(CRA).Methods The medical records of patients aged 18-75 years who underwent their initial colonoscopy at Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Jul 2000 to Mar 2017 were collected.The comparison between normal colonoscopy(NC)and high-risk CRA patients was conducted using an unpaired t-test,while chi-square test was used for categorical variables.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and Logistic regression were utilized to analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA.Results A total of 1 798 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into normal colonoscopy(NC)findings group(n=972)and high-risk CRA group(n=826).The high-risk CRA group exhibited significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in comparison to the NC group,while uric acid and fibrosis 4(FIB-4)index levels were significantly higher than those observed in the NC group(all P<0.05).Based on LASSO regression analysis,we identified 12 variables that potentially influence the occurrence of high-risk CRA,including age,gender,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),hypertension,coronary artery disease,hyperglycemia,hypercholesterolemia,low levels of HDL-C,elevated alanine aminotransferase,and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase.Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals aged over 50 years,male gender,cigarette and alcohol consumption,low HDL-C levels,history of NAFLD and hypertension were identified as independent risk factors associated with high-risk CRA(P<0.05).In addition,without or with adjusting for age,sex,smoking,and drinking history,patients with a high TG/HDL-C ratio(the ratio≥2.68)had a significantly higher risk of high-risk CRA than those with a low TG/HDL-C ratio(the ratio<2.68)[odds ratios(ORs)were1.430 and 1.235 respectively,all P<0.05)].Without or with adjusting variables,the ORs for NAFLD patients with FIB-4 index>2.67 were 1.849(P=0.466)and 1.435(P=0.707),respectively.Conclusion A significant association exists between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA.Independent risk factors for high-risk CRA include older age(≥50 years),male,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,low levels of HDL-C,and a history of NAFLD and hypertension.Individuals exhibiting a TG/HDL-C ratio exceeding 2.68 manifest a significantly heightened susceptibility to the development of high-risk CRA.Therefore,elderly males with one or more aforementioned metabolic abnormalities should be considered a priority population for colorectal screening.

The most difficult challenge of rehabilitation for total laryngectomy patients is the loss of voice function.Otolaryngologists,speech pathologists and nursing specialists have explored several different approaches to voice rehabilitation.Currently,tracheoesophageal speech and esophageal speech are the two widely used approa-ches.The differences between alaryngeal voice quality and normal voice quality are due to the substantial changes in the anatomical structure of the vibration organ and the motive power of the voice.There is a lack of consensus on the current measurement criteria.The purpose of the review is to promote the establishment of measurement standards and to provide the evidentiary basis of clinical voice rehabilitation programs and the effects of imterventions.

Managing look-alike/sound-alike medications is important to medical institutions'pharmaceutical manage-ment and pharmacy services.Based on national policies and regulations,this standard focuses on the whole life cycle of look-alike/sound-alike medications in medical institutions.It is developed based on the principles of scientific validity,universality,guidance,and applicability,formed by sorting out problems,soliciting opinions,expert argumentation,and deliberation.It is the first group standard to standardize the management of look-alike/sound-alike medications.This paper introduced and analyzed the team com-position,problem sorting and compilation process,and various elements of the standard in the process of formulating the standard,to provide a reference for medical institutions to use this standard.

The engineering application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is limited by pH-dependent conformational dynamics of urease.Focusing on the α-subunit urease from Sporosarcina pasteurii,this study integrated conductivity experiments and constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations to analyze active site conformational dynamics and catalytic function across pH 3-11.Results showed that under neutral conditions(pH 7-8),key histidine residues(HIS139/HIS249)exhibited minimal dis-placement(＜0.5 ?),the longest hydrogen bond lifetime(＞8 ps),highest conformational stability(root mean square deviation,RMSD:0.15-0.18 nm),and optimal catalytic activity(conductivity change rate:0.03 mS/cm·min-1,CaCO3 precipitation:3.84 g).Extreme pH(pH 3/11)induced structural collapse(displacement up to 1.8 ?)and complete activity loss.Simulations revealed that neutral pH sta-bilizes a protonation-dependent cooperative allosteric network by maintaining active site cavity volume(～120 ?3)and moderate conformational coherence(correlation coefficient～0.8).This work deciphers the molecular mechanism of pH-regulated urease dynamics through protonation states,providing theoreti-cal support for MICP applications in acidic mine tailing remediation and alkaline soil stabilization.

Objective To explore the application value of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)for the analysis of influencing factors of the nutrient canals(NCs)of the mandible.Methods The CBCT imaging data of 234 patients who attended some center's stomatology department from April 2021 to April 2024 were analyzed retrospectively,including 120 patients with periodontitis(enrolled into a periodontitis population group)and 114 periodontally normal persons(divided into a periodontally normal population group).The periodontitis population group was categorized into Subgroup 1(resorption length≤1/3 root length),Subgroup 2(1/3 root length0.05).The three subgroups were significantly different in the detection rate of mandibular NCs(P<0.05),and statistical differences were also found between Subgroup 1 and 2 and between Subgroup 1 and 3 in the detection rate of mandibular NCs(P<0.05),while not found between Subgourp 2 and 3(P>0.05).The relevant influencing factors on the mandibular NCs included age(OR=1.069,P<0.001)and having periodontal disease(OR=0.154,P<0.001).Conclusion CBCT is of great significance for evaluating the relationship between mandibular NCs and alveolar bone resorption.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(7):51-55]

The most difficult challenge of rehabilitation for total laryngectomy patients is the loss of voice function.Otolaryngologists,speech pathologists and nursing specialists have explored several different approaches to voice rehabilitation.Currently,tracheoesophageal speech and esophageal speech are the two widely used approa-ches.The differences between alaryngeal voice quality and normal voice quality are due to the substantial changes in the anatomical structure of the vibration organ and the motive power of the voice.There is a lack of consensus on the current measurement criteria.The purpose of the review is to promote the establishment of measurement standards and to provide the evidentiary basis of clinical voice rehabilitation programs and the effects of imterventions.

Objective:To investigatethe effects of different blood lead levels on indicators of immune function in occupationally lead-exposed populations.Methods:From October to December 2023, a total of 126 occupationally exposed lead workers of a company in Guizhou Province were selected, and their basic information was collected through questionnaires. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to detect blood lead levels in the study population. Workers were categorized into Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 based on blood lead levels (blood lead levels <200 μg/L, 200~400 μg/L and >400 μg/L). Lymphocyte subpopulation marker leukocyte differentiation antigen (CD) in peripheral blood and interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon (IFN) -γ in serum were examined by flow cytometry. Serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM, and complement proteins (C3, C4) were measured by immunoscattering turbidimetry. Data were statistically analyzed using rank sum test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method for multiple samples.Results:Compared with group 1, the percentage of CD3 +CD8 + and CD4 +CD25 + cells decreased ( P<0.05) and the percentage of CD4 + CD95 + cells increased in the lead-exposed populations in groups 2 and 3 ( P<0.05) ; however, the serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL- 5, IL-8, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ levels were decreased ( P<0.05) in group 3. Meanwhile, IgG ( P<0.05) and IgM levels in serum of lead-exposed population in group 2 and group 3 were reduced ( P<0.05) comparing with group 1. Spearman correlation analysis showed that blood lead levels of workers were negatively correlated with the percentage of peripheral blood CD8 +CD95 + cells, CD3 +CD8 + cells, CD3 -CD16 + CD56 + cells, IgG, IgM, and IgA ( rs=-0.20, -0.22, -0.23, -0.24, -0.26, -0.35, P<0.05), but was positively correlated with the level of CD3 +CD4 + cells ( rs= 0.18, P<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that blood lead level was a risk factor for the percentage of CD8 +CD95 + cells, CD3 +CD8 + cells, CD3 -CD16 + CD56 + cells, IgG, IgM, and IgA ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Different lead loads can lead to abnormal changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and immunoglobulin levels in occupationally lead-exposed people. Lead exposure in occupationally lead-exposed populations may affect their immune function.