Objective To explore the severity of loneliness among the elderly in communities in Shanghai,and to identify factors associated with social and emotional loneliness respectively.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in older adults aged 65 years or above in Pudong New Area,Jing'an District and Huangpu District in Shanghai from Mar to Jun 2021.In Pudong New Area,multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted based on the age and gender distribution of Shanghai,while in Huangpu District and Jing'an District convenience sampling was conducted.A total of 635 samples were included in the study.Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale with social and emotional loneliness subscales.Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with social and emotional loneliness.Results Among the 635 participants,only 53 older adults(8.4%)were not lonely.Female(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.31-0.70),higher self-efficacy(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.94-1.00),more objective social support(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.93-0.99)were associated with less severe social loneliness.Meanwhile,higher level of education(secondary education,OR=0.56,95%CI:0.34-0.95;college or above,OR=0.30,95%CI:0.11-0.83)and higher self-efficacy(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.93-0.99)were associated with less severe emotional loneliness,while depression(OR=3.41,95%CI:1.76-6.60)and worse social capital(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.29-3.16)were associated with more severe emotional loneliness.Conclusion Up to 91.6%of the elderly in our study sample were moderately lonely or above.The factors associated with social loneliness include self-efficacy,gender and social support.The factors associated with emotional loneliness are self-efficacy,education level,depression,and social capital.

Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have a good prognosis after radioiodine-131 therapy,but a small number of patients are insensitive to radioiodine-131 therapy and even continue to develop disease.At present,some targeted drugs can improve progression-free survival in patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC),such as sorafenib and levatinib,have been approved for the treatment of RAIR-DTC.However,due to the presence of primary and acquired drug resistance,drug efficacy in these patients is unsatisfactory.This review introduces the acquired drug resistance mechanism of sorafenib in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)pathways and proposes related treatment strategies,in order to provide a reference for similar drug resistance mechanism of sorafenib and effective treatment of RAIR-DTC.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) by frequency network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Chinese patent medicines for AS were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of database establishment to January 2021. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane bias risk standard, and the data was analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata/MP 15.1. A total of 12 kinds of Chinese patent medicines in 55 RCTs were included. According to Meta-analysis, in term of the effectiveness, the top three optimal medication regimens were Biqi Capsules, Yishen Juanbi Pills and Yaobitong Capsules combined with western medicine. The top three interventions to reduce the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)were Yishen Juanbi Pills, Xianling Gubao Capsules and Fufang Xuanju Capsules combined with western medicine. The top three interventions to reduce the C-reactive protein(CRP)were Biqi Capsules, Xianling Gubao Capsules and Fufang Xuanju Capsules combined with western medicine. In terms of the safety, top three optimal medication regimens were Total Glucosides of Paeony Capsules, Yishen Juanbi Pills, and Wangbi Tablets combined with western medicine. This network Meta-analysis suggests that Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine can effectively improve the joint pain symptoms of AS patients and reduce the acute inflammatory indicators, with high safety. However, the literature included in this study is generally of low methodological quality, and the conclusion needs to be verified by high-quality research.
Capsules ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved the treatment efficacy of a variety of malignant tumors. However, patients may experience a series of special side effects during treatments with ICI. Immune-related myositis after ICI treatment is characterized by autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal damage, which is relatively rare. To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ICI-associated myositis in urological tumors, we summarized the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological and pathological characteristics, treatments and outcomes in 8 patients. METHODS: The clinical data of the 8 patients with immune-related myositis after ICI treatment for urological tumors treated in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from March 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for demographic characteristics, drug regimen, clinical symptoms, laboratory indices, electromyography examination, pathological manifestations and outcomes. RESULTS: The eight patients included 2 females and 6 males with a median age of 68 years, all treated with ICI for urological neoplasms, including 2 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), 3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and 3 bladder cancer (BCa). The median time between the first ICI treatment and the detection of immune-related myositis was 39.5 days, and the median duration of treatment was 2 sessions. The main symptoms were muscle pain and weakness, 5 cases with ptosis, 3 cases with secondary rhabdomyolysis, 5 cases with myocarditis, 1 case with myasthenia gravis, and 1 case with enterocolitis. Among them, patients with immune-related myocarditis had a shorter interval from the first anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy to the onset of immune-related myositis (P=0.042) compared with patients without myocarditis. The 8 patients had significant elevation of transaminases and muscle enzyme profile indexes, and 5 patients showed positive auto-antibodies. 3 patients had perfected muscle biopsies and showed typical skeletal muscle inflammatory myopathy-like pathological changes with CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD20⁺ lymphocytes and CD68⁺ macrophage infiltration. After the diagnosis of immune-related myositis, all the 8 patients immediately discontinued ICI therapy and improved after intravenous administration of methylprednisolone alone or in combination with gamma-globulin. CONCLUSION Immune-related myositis after ICI treatment is an immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) with unique clinical and pathological features, commonly combined with cardiovascular adverse reactions. Immediate discontinuation of ICI and initiation of glucocorticoid therapy may improve the patient's condition in a timely manner.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Male ; Myocarditis/drug therapy* ; Myositis/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Impaired healing of diabetic wounds is mainly attributed to its pathological mechanism, and refractory diabetic wounds bring heavy burdens to patients and society. Exosomes derived from stem cells possess the similar ability as stem cells in promoting tissue regeneration and more clinical advantages and are gradually playing important roles in wound healing. In recent years, researches have shown that exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC-EXOs) can promote the healing of diabetic wounds by participating in various processes of wound healing. This article reviews the pathological mechanism leading to impaired healing of diabetic wounds, the related mechanism and the application prospect of ADSC-EXOs in promoting diabetic wound healing.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Exosomes ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Stem Cells ; Wound Healing

Sacubitril valsartan sodium (LCZ696) is an ionic cocrystal drug. The purpose of this study was to explore the cocrystal features of LC696 by establishing a variety of characterization methods, and thus provide basic research data for effective quality control. The cocrystal characteristics of LCZ696 and its tablets were identified by applying analytical means including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra (RM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR). The crystalline water and hygroscopicity of LCZ696 were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), hygroscopicity test and Karl Fischer reaction method. The results show that PXRD, FTIR, DSC and ssNMR can effectively distinguish the features of LCZ696 cocrystal, sacubitril monomer, valsartan monomer, and sacubitril-valsartan (1∶1) mixture. RM can be used as a supplementary approach. Combined with the analysis by TGA, DVS, hygroscopicity test and Karl Fischer reaction method results, LCZ696 contains 2.5 crystalline water molecules and is very hygroscopic; we recommend that LCZ696 be stored in an environment with a relative humidity below 60%. By characterizing the crystal features we can establish quality control measure and evaluate the stability of the drug tablets. This study provides data in support for the establishment of the LCZ696 quality standard.

Severe cases infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), named by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Feb. 11, 2020, tend to present a hypercatabolic state because of severe systemic consumption, and are susceptible to stress ulcers and even life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment constitute an irreplaceable part in the handling of severe COVID-19 cases. Endoscopes, as reusable precision instruments with complicated structures, require more techniques than other medical devices in cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and other reprocessing procedures. From 2016 to 2019, health care-acquired infection caused by improper endoscope reprocessing has always been among the top 5 on the list of top 10 health technology hazards issued by the Emergency Care Research Institute. Considering the highly infective nature of COVID-19 and the potential aerosol contamination therefrom, it is of pivotal significance to ensure that endoscopes are strictly reprocessed between uses. In accordance with the national standard "Regulation for Cleaning and Disinfection Technique of Flexible Endoscope (WS507-2016)," we improved the workflow of endoscope reprocessing including the selection of chemicals in an effort to ensure quality control throughout the clinical management towards COVID-19 patients. Based on the experience we attained from the 12 severe COVID-19 cases in our hospital who underwent endoscopy 23 times in total, the article provides an improved version of endoscopic reprocessing guidelines for bedside endoscopic diagnosis and treatment on COVID-19 patients for reference.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; Disinfection ; methods ; Endoscopes ; virology ; Equipment Contamination ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Peracetic Acid ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sterilization ; methods ; Workflow

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The objective of this study was to identify the frequency and types of JAK2V617F mutation in chinese patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), to quantitatively detect the level of mutation transcripts and to investigate its clinical significance. The frequency and types of JAK2V617F mutation were detected by amplification-refractory mutation sequencing polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR), the transcript level of JAK2V617F mutation was determined by using capillary electrophoresis. The results indicated that the JAK2V617F mutation was detected in 59 out of 98 patient with ET, 18 of whom were homozygous mutation. The mean age of patients with homozygous and heterozygous mutation was higher than that of patients with wild type mutation (p < 0.05). The quantitative assay using capillary electrophoresis showed that the transcript level of JAK2V617F mutation in patients with homozygous mutation was (89.9 +/- 6.7)%, which was higher than that in patients with heterozygous mutation (57.1 +/- 6.7)% (p < 0.05); the transcript level of JAK2V617F mutation in patients with age < 60 years was (62.3 +/- 16.5)%, which was lower than that in patients with age > 60 years (72.4% +/- 15.8)% (p < 0.05). The rate of thrombotic complications in patients with JAK2V617F-positive was higher than that in patients with JAK2V617F-negative in which the rate of thrombotic complication in patients with homozygous mutation was higher than that in patients with heterozygous mutation (p < 0.05). Compared with patients without thrombotic events, there were higher level of transcripts of JAK2V617F mutation in patients with thrombotic events. It is concluded that the JAK2V617F positive and negative patients with ET display the different clinical features, therefore, the analysis of mutation types and detection of transcript levels not only helps to identify the disease status and progression, but also guides the treatment of ET patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; genetics ; pathology ; Young Adult