In recent years,with the rise of concepts such as translational medicine,precision medicine and medi-cal artificial intelligence,the relationship between clinical departments and basic medicine in university affiliated hospi-tals has become closer and closer,and the interdisciplinary integration between clinical medicine and basic medi-cine,natural science,engineering and other disciplines has become normal.It focuses on the strategy of building basic research and translational medicine institute in affiliated hospital of medical schools.The construction experi-ence of the internal research institute of the affiliated hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was introduced,and systematically summarizes the construction experience in the establishment conditions,func-tional positioning,organizational structure,operation and management of the internal research institutes in the affili-ated hospitals of medical schools.It has reference significance for the development of clinical medicine in medical schools and the construction of research-oriented hospitals in affiliated hospitals in China.

Objective To investigate the implementation situation of scientific research projects in large general hospital,analyze the quantitative evaluation parameters to explore the improvement measures.Methods Sampling survey of all levels of research projects from one general hospital in Shanghai.Based on parameter index quantization,the progress of projects in different levels was com pared and analyzed.Results The progress index and achievement index are reliable quantitative indexes,and there is a linear correlation between these two indexes.Based on progress index,forecast for SCI publication of project can be carried out.There was no significant difference in the progress situa tion of all levels of projects.Higher level of project showed better SCI publication.Conclusions For the process management of scientific research projects at different levels,the quantitative indexes can be used to facilitate the early warning and supervision.Classified assessment should be implied to SCI publication for research projects at different levels.

Objective Through investigating the clinicians’ scientific research level and weakness,we can carry out targeted clinical research training systematically,and then strengthen their utilization of clinical resources and data,and finally promote the transformation of scientific research resuits.Methods Filling and submitting the online questionnaires through WeChat,a popular chatting tool in China,physicians from 13 affiliated hospitals of a university in Shanghai have joined this research.Results 507 valid questionnaires have been received online:In terms of clinical research capacity,there seemed to be more barriers in the following issues:comprehension of the types and applications to design a clinical trial,formulation of the details including PICO elements(Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome),methodological application including the category and principle of randomization,the category and principle of blind method and how to control the confounding elements and probable bias,and statistical problems in scientific research including discrimination of the different definition between FAS(Full Analysis Set) based on the principle of ITT(Intention-To-Treat) and PPS(Per-Protocol Set),how to write a standardized SAP(Statistical Analysis Plan) and how to calculate the sample size of a trial),and various management of clinical trials including data management,follow-up management,adverse event management and so on,and writing a protocol and a CRF (Case Report Form) in a standard and professional way.As for the needs for training,the top three topics were how to design a clinical research in a standardized style,how to practice the methodology and how to utilize the statistical skills into clinical trials.Conclusions Standardized design and writing of clinical trial protocols according to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials),and the application of epidemiological and statistical methods are still short boards that most clinicians need to improve urgently,also are what they most concerned about at the same time.So it is necessary for physicians to receive systematic clinical research training to enhance their scientific research capacity.

In recent years,obesity is becoming one of the focus problems of social public concern.Maternal obesity may pose a threat on maternal health,for examble the increase of obstetrical complications,it may also affect the short-term and long-term health of the offspring.Maternal obesity may affect children's mental disorder,no review to date has discussed it systematically in China.Now,the health hazards of maternal obesity for the offspring including childhood autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,neural tube defects,neurobehavioral development disorders and so forth were reviewed,and to provide a reasonable guidance of obesity management.

Objective To test and validate the comprehensiveness,usability and reliability of the questionnaire we made for publicity efforts of biobanking activities in China.We aim to learn public attitudes toward biobanking donation of biological materials,collection and long-term storage for biomedical research.Methods In the cross-sectional study,292 participants were interviewed with the self-administered questionnaire.The survey questionnaire presents an extensive battery of questions on demographic information,participation of previous studies,cognition of biobank and related concepts,opinions on biobank-related issues and trust on healthcare system.Different statistic methods were taken to do item analysis,reliability and validity evaluation.Results The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.850 and the cognition and attitude were the two factors with the highest internal reliability.All the Spearman correlation coefficients were large than 0.5 (p＜0.01) . Three factors explained 59.2％ of the questionnaire structure found by factor analysis,and all factors could be regarded as cognition factors,attitude factors and behaviors factors.Conclusions The survey questionnaire is evaluated to be reliable and applicable to gathering data on publicity efforts to assess the public attitude towards biobanking activities in China.

Sarcopenia is a series of syndromes featured by the steady and involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging.It can lower the quality of life and increase the risk of disability and mortality.Deficiency in some nutrients such as amino acids and proteins and accordingly the decreased in the synthesis of muscle protein and changes in muscle tissues may contribute to the development of sarcopenia.Therefore,nutritional interventions may play a role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Objective The gastrointestinal tract of neonate becomes colonized with microorganisms from environment and mother immediately after birth. Strong evidences suggested that early composition of the microflora in neonates play an important role for postnatal development of the immune system. This study was designed to investigate the effect of mode of delivery on the development of gut microflora and characteristics of the stool in breast-fed infants by molecular biology methods. Methods Sixty healthy breast-fed term infants were enrolled in the study(including vaginal delivery group and cesarean section delivery group,each group included 30 infants). Anthropometric measurements and stool study were done at 6-week,8-week,10-week,and 12-week. Fecal samples were subjected to quantitative fluorescence real-time polymerse chain reaction assays for the enumeration of lactobacili,bifidobacteria,and subtype of bifidobacteria(bifidobacterium longum and bifidobacterium breve). Results The numbers of lactobacilli and bifidobacterium longum species were less in cesarean delivery group than those in vaginal delivery group(P ＜ 0.05). Stool mean pH was lower in vaginal delivery group than that in cesarean section delivery group(P ＜ 0.05). There were no differences in stool characteristics and growth between two groups. Conclusions Cesarean section is associated with the decrease of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in breast-fed term infants.

Objective To gather observational data on resting energy expenditure(REE)of children with newly diagnosed malignant solid tumor, and to examine factors that might be relevant to their energy expenditure change. Methods It is a retrospective study. Data from sixty-one patients with newly diagnosed malignant tumor admitted to department of pediatric surgery in Xinhua Hospital were reviewed in this study. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Patients with benign tumor admitted during the same period were used as the control group. Results The difference of percentage of patients with normal, decreased, or increased REE between benign and malignant groups was not significant(χ2 = 0.466, P = 0.792). Patients with one or more gastrointestinal symptoms had higher percent of Pre-REE compared with patients without any gastrointestinal symptoms, but no significant difference existed(119.8±80.4 vs 91.1±27.2, Z = 0.746, P = 0.456). Different tumor types were associated with different effects on REE. There was no significant difference in REE levels between patients with decreased diet intake and those without(Z = 0.528, P = 0.598). Conclusions It is confirmed that not all patients with malignant tumor have an increased REE. Moreover, the tumor site might be an independent factor affecting patients' REE level.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the nutritional status of dietary calcium intake in school-age children in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the second and third grade students of 10 primary schools in Yangpu District and Baoshan District in Shanghai. Food frequency questionnaire was used tu estimate the relative intake of dietary calcium of students in 6 primary schools in Baoshnn District. Quantitative ultrasound bone density examination was used to estimate the calcaneal BMD.The relation-ship between calcium intake and BMD was analyzed.Results The average calcium intake was 647 mg/d among ested students.BMD was not significantly different among different age groups (F=1.595,P=0.173),while Z-score was significantly different among different age groups (F=16.02,P=0.000).The total calcium intake was not correlated with BMD or Z-score.The percentage of dairy calcium intake was positively correlated with BMD (r=0.097,P=0.015)and Z-score (r=O.117,P=0.003),the percentage of non-dairy calcium intake and the non-dairy calcium intake were negatively correlated with BMD (r=-0.097,P=0.015) and Z-score(r=-0.110,P=0.006).When the total dietary calcium intake was ≥600 mg/d,BMD and Z-score significantly higherin students with high dairy calcium intake than those with low dairy calcium intake (P<0.05).When the total dietary calcium intake was <600mg/d,BMD and Z-score were higher in students with high dairy calcium in-take than in those with low dairy calcium intake,although no statistical significance was noted (P>0.05).Conclusions BMD and Z-score increase along with the increase of dairy calcium intake.Such effect becomes even more obvious when the total dietary calcium intake is ≥600 mg/d.

Objective To assess the clinical outcomes of glutamine supplementation in neonates.Methods The study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Totally 100 infants were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 infants in each group:control group:standard parenteral nutrition (PN);PNI group:PN supplemented with 0.3 g/ (kg·d) glutamine;enteral nutrition (EN) 1 group:EN supplemented with 0.3 g/ (kg·d) glutamine;PN2 group:PN supplemented with 0.3 g/ (kg·d) glutamine;and EN2 group:EN supplemented with 0.3 g/ (kg·d) glutamine,The primary endpoints were the time to establish full enteral nutrition [defined as receiving 120 ml/ (kg·d) enterally],episodes of gastric residuals,total duration of PN,and mortality.The second endpoints were weight gain and head circumference gain,liver function,renal function,days on ventilator,and length of hospitalization.Results Time to achieve full enteral nutrition,incidence of gastric residuals,duration of PN,weight gain (g/d) ,head circumference gain (cm/w),liver function,renal function,and length of hospitalization were not significantly different among all five groups.Days of mechanical ventilation were significantly decreased in PN1 group and PN2 group when compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Intention-totreat analyses showed that,when compared with the control group,PN1 group:RR:1.053;95% CI:0.952-1.164;ENI group:RR:1.333,95% CI:1.035-1.717;PN2 group:RR:1.053,95% CI:0.952-1.164;EN2 group:RR:1.25,95% CI:1.004-1.556.Conclusions Glutamine supplementation may not be able to decrease the time to achieve full enteral nutrition,the incidence of gastric residuals,and the duration of PN.However,pareneral glutamine supplementation does reduce the days on ventilator in neonates.Also,parenteral glutamine supplementation has no obvious influence on mortality.