Objective: Although most gallbladder polyps are benign, some neoplastic polyps may be malignant or may serve as precursors to malignancy. Distinguishing neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps using imaging examinations remains a major challenge.This meta-analysis aimed to identify the ultrasound (US) features that are significantly associated with neoplastic polyps. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and KoreaMed databases were searched for articles published up to August 31, 2025. Bivariate random-effects models were used to calculate the meta-analytic pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), sensitivities, and specificities, along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for each US imaging feature in the diagnosis of neoplastic polyps. Results: Thirty studies evaluating 8,953 patients, including 1,216 (13.6%) patients with neoplastic polyps, were included.Among the nine evaluated US imaging features, namely, size ≥10 mm, sessile morphology, single polyp, coexisting gallstones, hypoechogenicity, heterogeneous echogenicity, gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT), absence of hyperechoic spot, and vascularity, eight were significantly associated with neoplastic polyps: size ≥10 mm (DOR: 6.23 [95% CI: 1.86– 20.90]), sessile morphology (DOR: 3.54 [1.93–5.97]), single polyp (DOR: 2.21 [1.76–2.74]), coexisting gallstones (DOR:1.86 [1.29–2.60]), hypoechogenicity (DOR: 3.55 [1.47–7.30]), GBWT (DOR: 9.38 [1.47–32.20]), absence of hyperechoic spots (DOR: 4.23 [2.46–6.83]), and vascularity (DOR: 9.72 [5.81–15.30]). Of these, size ≥10 mm demonstrated the highest pooled sensitivity (0.79 [95% CI: 0.68–0.87]), whereas hypoechogenicity showed the highest pooled specificity (0.93 [95% CI: 0.82–0.98]). Conclusion Eight US imaging features (size ≥10 mm, sessile morphology, single polyp, coexisting gallstones, hypoechogenicity, GBWT, absence of hyperechoic spots, and vascularity) were significantly associated with the presence of neoplastic polyps.These features may facilitate the management of gallbladder polyps.

Background: and Purpose To compare the epidemiological and clinical features of the rare patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with age- and sex-matched controls in a nationwide cohort from South Korea. Methods: This observational cohort study analyzed newly diagnosed CADASIL patients aged at least 20 years and matched controls using data from the National Health Information Database for 2004–2022. The cumulative incidence of CADASIL was assessed by age and sex, and compared between regions. Neurologic and systemic diseases were compared between the CADASIL and control groups. Results: The study analyzed 816 CADASIL patients and 816 age- and sex-matched controls aged 56.8±15.2 years (mean±standard deviation), among whom 48.3% were male. The cumulative incidence of CADASIL was 1.86 per 100,000 people (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.85– 1.87 per 100,000), and peaked at 60–69 years of age. In terms of regional distribution, the incidence was highest for Jeju, at 39.67 per 100,000 (95% CI 37.84–41.49 per 100,000). Neurologic diseases were more frequent in CADASIL patients, including Alzheimer’s disease (33.1% vs.20.0%), vascular dementia (84.9% vs. 5.0%), epilepsy (34.6% vs. 15.9%), stroke (70.7% vs. 27.6%), parkinsonism (18.9% vs. 11.0%), and depression (60.8% vs. 44.9%). Systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (78.9% vs. 68.9%) were also more common in CADASIL patients, while cancer (27.9% vs. 38.7%) and myocardial infarction (10.0% vs. 13.6%) were less common than in controls. The onset ages of all diseases were lower in CADASIL patients. Conclusions This study has provided a precise nationwide estimate of the CADASIL incidence and its regional distribution in South Korea. CADASIL patients showed higher incidence rates and earlier onsets of diverse clinical manifestations.

Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.

Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.

Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.

Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.

Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.

Background: Although insulin resistance is common, its significance in kidney transplant recipients remains unclear. We explored clinical implications of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as a marker for unfavorable allograft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A total of 6,354 kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort study between May 2014 and December 2022. The TyG index was assessed between 6 and 12 months after transplantation. We evaluated the association between the TyG index and the risk of adverse kidney outcomes. Results: The cumulative rates of ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), death-censored graft survival, and major adverse kidney events differed across TyG index quartiles, with the highest rate observed in quartile 4 (p < 0.001). TyG index quartile 4 was associated with the highest risk of death-censored graft loss after multivariable adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–3.55). The risk of ≥30% decline in eGFR was 1.46 times higher (95% CI, 1.17–1.82) in quartile 4 compared with quartile 1, and the risk of ≥50% decline was 1.78 times higher (95% CI, 1.30–2.44). Quartile 4 also showed a significantly steeper decline in renal function, with an adjusted mean difference in eGFR slope of –4.72 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI, –7.39 to –2.04). Conclusion Kidney transplant recipients with high TyG index were at increased risk of eGFR decline and graft loss, and also exhibited a more rapid deterioration in renal function. The TyG index is a useful marker for identifying individuals at high risk for adverse graft outcomes.

Objective: To survey experts’ opinions in abdominal radiology (radiologists) and pancreas-specialized gastroenterology (pancreatologists) in South Korea regarding diagnosing and managing pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs). Materials and Methods: Between August 25, 2023, and October 5, 2023, an online survey was conducted among members of the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology and the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association via email invitation. Results: The responses from 100 radiologists and 41 pancreatologists were analyzed. Of the respondents, 55.3% (78/141) reported seeing more than 50 patients or reading more than 50 exams related to PCN each month. The most common and preferred diagnostic modality for PCN was contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), favored by 87.8% (36/41) of pancreatologists. When discrepancies arose between CECT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound, 31.2% (44/141) of the respondents opted for multidisciplinary team discussion, whereas 29.1% (41/141) chose short-term follow-up using CECT or MRI. A total of 88.7% (125/141) of the respondents adhered to the 2017 International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) guidelines in their practice. Among the radiologists, 51.0% (51/100) endorsed a cut-off value of 5 mm for enhancing mural nodules, and 22.0% (22/100) supported a 5 mm/2 yr growth rate in the IAP guidelines v.2017.Additionally, 73.0% (73/100) of radiologists favored discontinuing surveillance, whereas 41.5% (17/41) of pancreatologists disagreed with stopping surveillance. Conclusion The survey underscores the clinical burden PCN poses and identifies CECT as the foremost diagnostic tool.Variability was noted in the terminology, differential diagnosis, approaches for resolving discrepancies between imaging examinations, and opinions on surveillance discontinuation among the respondents as a whole, as well as between radiologists and pancreatologists. Although the 2017 IAP guidelines are primarily followed, there remains a level of dissatisfaction with risk stratification among radiologists. This highlights the need for more standardized diagnostic algorithms and improved consensus among specialists to address these challenges.

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness of a new patient handover system developed for better handover in a metropolitan emergency department (ED). Methods: A retrospective observational study was designed to evaluate the appropriateness and satisfaction level of the new ED handover system. The participants were pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) providers with patient transport experience before and after the pilot of the new handover system. Results: A questionnaire was completed by 37 pre-hospital EMS providers who transported patients to the emergency department. Based on the results, pre-hospital EMS providers felt an increased level of kindness from the ED healthcare professionals during patient handover (P<0.001), from 3.19±1.05 points before the introduction of the system to 3.97±0.96 points after its introduction, and the activeness of ED healthcare professionals also increased, from 3.35±1.03 to 4.14±0.86 points (P<0.001). The sufficiency of contents of patient handover information to explain a patient’s condition increased from 3.59±0.76 to 4.08±0.72 points (P<0.003). The score for overall satisfaction felt by the EMS providers during patient handover increased from 3.46±0.96 to 3.76±0.86 points, which was not statistically significant (P=0.020). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the introduction of a new patient handover system between EMS providers and the ED staff is effective for both pre-hospital EMS providers and ED staff.