Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is an aggressive malignant tumor originating from bile duct epithe-lial cells,characterized by a poor prognosis.Surgery is the primary treatment,but late diagnosis often leads to poor surgical outcomes.Consequently,patients typically rely on comprehensive treatment such as chemotherapy.How-ever,the median survival remains short,highlighting the urgent need for new strategies.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),a crucial factor in angiogenesis,is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells of CCA patients.Recent studies have shown that VEGF not only promotes angiogenesis but also exacerbates the invasion and metas-tasis of CCA.Therefore,targeting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis provides a new strategy for treating CCA.VEGF inhibitors represent a new frontier in CCA treatment,offering opportunities for precision therapy.By integrating VEGF inhibitors with immunotherapy and chemotherapy,it is possible to not only effectively prolong the survival of CCA patients but also to offer new hope for improving their quality of life.This review examines the expression of VEGF in CCA,its role in tumorigenesis,and the clinical application of VEGF inhibitors in treating CCA.

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is an aggressive malignant tumor originating from bile duct epithe-lial cells,characterized by a poor prognosis.Surgery is the primary treatment,but late diagnosis often leads to poor surgical outcomes.Consequently,patients typically rely on comprehensive treatment such as chemotherapy.How-ever,the median survival remains short,highlighting the urgent need for new strategies.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),a crucial factor in angiogenesis,is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells of CCA patients.Recent studies have shown that VEGF not only promotes angiogenesis but also exacerbates the invasion and metas-tasis of CCA.Therefore,targeting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis provides a new strategy for treating CCA.VEGF inhibitors represent a new frontier in CCA treatment,offering opportunities for precision therapy.By integrating VEGF inhibitors with immunotherapy and chemotherapy,it is possible to not only effectively prolong the survival of CCA patients but also to offer new hope for improving their quality of life.This review examines the expression of VEGF in CCA,its role in tumorigenesis,and the clinical application of VEGF inhibitors in treating CCA.