Background: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematolymphoid neoplasms (FCIHLN) is essential for diagnosis, classification, and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. FCI-HLN is typically performed using in-house protocols, raising the need for standardization. Therefore, we surveyed the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea to obtain fundamental data for quality improvement and standardization. Methods: Eight university hospitals actively conducting FCI-HLN participated in our survey.We analyzed responses to a questionnaire that included inquiries regarding test items, reagent antibodies (RAs), fluorophores, sample amounts (SAs), reagent antibody amounts (RAAs), acquisition cell number (ACN), isotype control (IC) usage, positiveegative criteria, and reporting. Results: Most hospitals used acute HLN, chronic HLN, plasma cell neoplasm (PCN), and MRD panels. The numbers of RAs were heterogeneous, with a maximum of 32, 26, 12, 14, and 10 antibodies used for acute HLN, chronic HLN, PCN, ALL-MRD, and multiple myeloma-MRD, respectively. The number of fluorophores ranged from 4 to 10. RAs, SAs, RAAs, and ACN were diverse. Most hospitals used a positive criterion of 20%, whereas one used 10% for acute and chronic HLN panels. Five hospitals used ICs for the negative criterion. Positiveegative assignments, percentages, and general opinions were commonly reported. In MRD reporting, the limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were included. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study on the current status of FCI-HLN in Korea, confirming the high heterogeneity and complexity of FCI-HLN practices. Standardization of FCI-HLN is urgently needed. The findings provide a reference for establishing standard FCI-HLN guidelines.

This study reports serial swallowing functional changes in a patient with an acute ischemic stroke but normal diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) scans. A 71-year-old man presented with dysphagia. Laryngoscopy revealed left arytenoid swelling and hypomobility of the left vocal cord. Acute lesions were not observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging. On the 9th day following hospital admission, the first videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed. When he swallowed semi-solid food, significant pre- and post-swallowing aspirations were detected without coughing. An acute stroke with sudden-onset dysphagia was considered as the possible cause of dysphagia. The serial VFSSs showed gradual improvement in the swallowing reflex and persistent moderate cricopharyngeal dysfunction. During the VFSS anteroposterior view, bolus swallowing was tolerated, and aspiration signs disappeared, as the head was turned to the left and tilted to the right, indicating the role of a lateralizing lesion in symptom onset. This case study reports the course of natural resolution of dysphagia in a patient with a DWI-negative stroke based on serial VFSS results. There is a need to establish the significance of intensive dysphagia rehabilitation, including neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy, in patients clinically diagnosed with an acute stroke. Therefore, further studies involving a larger population of patients with DWI-negative strokes and dysphagia are warranted.

Copolyamide fillers, such as Aquafilling, have been used off-label for breast augmentation in many countries, including Korea. However, safety concerns have arisen due to reported complications, including induration, masses, mastalgia, firmness, asymmetry, migration, infection, and dimpling. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman who presented with distant migration of copolyamide breast filler to the left lower abdomen and inguinal area following mammography for breast cancer screening. This case highlights the potential risks associated with the migration of copolyamide breast fillers, particularly in the context of cancer screening procedures, and emphasizes the importance of awareness and vigilance among clinicians and patients.