Objective:To explore the correlation of different HBV DNA loads with peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 519 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from April 2019 to June 2024 were included. The patients were divided into high, medium, and low viral load groups and a negative group based on HBV DNA load. Another 100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were recruited as the control group. The quantities of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and IL-6 levels were compared among the groups. Meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were recorded and compared among the groups. The correlation of HBV DNA levels with lymphocyte subsets and IL-6 was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:HBV DNA loads were negatively correlated with the counts of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, and CD56 + lymphocyte subsets (correlation coefficients r were -0.483, -0.508, -0.524, -0.573, and -0.561, respectively; all P<0.001) and positively correlated with IL-6 levels ( r=0.862, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the counts of each lymphocyte subset were higher in the high, medium, and low viral load groups ( P<0.05). In the HBV DNA-negative chronic hepatitis B group, the counts of CD8 + and CD19 + lymphocyte subsets were significantly higher [712.32(526.00,898.64) and 495.62(345.74,645.50) cells/μl] than those in the control group [612.10(479.89,744.31) and 470.32 (396.00,544.64) cells/μl] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The degree of HBV replication activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B is associated with the immune status of the body, and negatively correlated with the quantities of lymphocyte subsets and positively correlated with IL-6 levels.

Objective:To explore the correlation of different HBV DNA loads with peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 519 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from April 2019 to June 2024 were included. The patients were divided into high, medium, and low viral load groups and a negative group based on HBV DNA load. Another 100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were recruited as the control group. The quantities of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and IL-6 levels were compared among the groups. Meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were recorded and compared among the groups. The correlation of HBV DNA levels with lymphocyte subsets and IL-6 was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:HBV DNA loads were negatively correlated with the counts of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, and CD56 + lymphocyte subsets (correlation coefficients r were -0.483, -0.508, -0.524, -0.573, and -0.561, respectively; all P<0.001) and positively correlated with IL-6 levels ( r=0.862, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the counts of each lymphocyte subset were higher in the high, medium, and low viral load groups ( P<0.05). In the HBV DNA-negative chronic hepatitis B group, the counts of CD8 + and CD19 + lymphocyte subsets were significantly higher [712.32(526.00,898.64) and 495.62(345.74,645.50) cells/μl] than those in the control group [612.10(479.89,744.31) and 470.32 (396.00,544.64) cells/μl] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The degree of HBV replication activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B is associated with the immune status of the body, and negatively correlated with the quantities of lymphocyte subsets and positively correlated with IL-6 levels.

Objective:To explore the effect of auricular point pressing pill combined with rhubarb acupoint application on intestinal preparation and prevention of adverse events in colonoscopy.Methods:A total of 220 patients who met the inclusion criteria from May 2019 to February 2020 were randomly divided into 4 groups, 55 in each group. The control group was only given compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. The auricular plaster group was combined with auricular point pressing pill on the basis of the control group. The acupoint sticking group was combined with rhubarb acupoint application on the basis of the control group. The combination group was combined with auricular point pressing pill and rhubarb acupoint application on the basis of the control group. The quality of bowel preparation was evaluated by Boston Bowel Preparation Scale(BBPS), and the adverse events such as perianal discomfort, defecation discomfort, abdominal pain and abdominal distension were observed.Results:After treatment, there was significant difference in BBPS score among the four groups ( F=3.038, P=0.030). The BBPS score in the acupoint sticking group (7.45 ± 1.20 vs. 6.78 ± 1.32) and combination group (7.26 ± 1.11 vs. 6.78 ± 1.32) were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). After treatment, there were significant differences in abdominal pain and abdominal distension scores among the four groups ( F=2.947, 5.879, P=0.034, 0.001). The scores of perianal discomfort (0.07 ± 0.38 vs. 0.44 ± 1.07), defecation discomfort (0.40 ± 0.81 vs. 0.87 ± 1.32) and abdominal pain (0.93 ± 1.32 vs. 1.69 ± 1.61) in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and the abdominal distension score (1.05 ± 1.00 vs. 1.64 ± 0.95) in the acupoint sticking was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Auricular combined with rhubarb powder acupoint application can improve the quality of bowel preparation and reduce intestinal adverse reactions. It can be used with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for the intestinal preparation process.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in two families, and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures.Methods:Field epidemiological investigation was conducted for the COVID-19 cases occurred in two families and the close contacts in a county of Baotou city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Descriptive statistical analysis on epidemiological data was conducted.Results:The infection source of the COVID-19 cases in the two families was a man who had living history in Wuhan. After his return, his parents were infected by him. A few days later, the members of a neighbor family were found to be infected, and relatives of this family were also infected after dining together repeatedly. Finally, ten confirmed cases and three suspected cases of COVID-19 were detected in the two families.Conclusions:Human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 can occur not only in a family but also in neighborhoods. The cases in two families had close relationship, indicating the necessity to strengthen the health education about COVID-19 prevention and control and the management of groups at high risk to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in families and neighborhoods.

OBJECTIVE： To systematically evaluate the mode of personnel training in pharmacy intravenous admixture services （PIVAS） in China， and to provide reference for the comprehensive training of pharmacist in PIVAS in China. METHODS： PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， CBM， CJFD， VIP and Wanfang database were searched from the establishment of database to Sept. 2018. Studies which evaluated the training mode of PIVAS in China were included， and the results were presented by descriptive analysis in respects of training objects， training objectives， contents and evaluation indicators. RESULTS： A total of 5 literatures were included. The research types were 2 before-after control studies， 2 experience sharing studies and 1 review. 3 subjects were pharmacists， 1 subject was clinical pharmacists， and 1 subject was nurses. The training objectives were comprehensive quality training， clinical rational drug use level， pharmacy personnel training path and professional service ability. The specific training content of the training mode varied greatly， including professional theoretical knowledge， practical operation ability， pre-job training， professional psychological quality， professional ethics and laws and regulations， continuing education learning ability， career development planning and teaching ability. There were great differences in the evaluation indicators of training effectiveness， which were mainly reflected in team execution motivation and creativity， discoveny rate of unreasonable doctor’s advice， work efficiency， service quality， drug treatment level and satisfaction of PIVAS， etc. CONCLUSIONS： There are certain differences in the training objectives， training targets， specific contents and evaluation indicators of the PIVAS pharmacist training model in China. It is necessary to use the evidence- based method to construct the training mode for PIVAS pharmacist to provide support for clinical intravenous drug use.

OBJECTIVE： To systematically evaluate current status of charges in pharmacy intravenous admixture services （PIVAS）， and to provide reference for the formulation of China’s pharmacy intravenous admixture services （PIVAS） charging standards. METHODS： Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Cochrane library， CBM， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database and related goverment websets， the literatures about current status evaluation of charges in PIVAS of China were collected during the establishment of database to Jan. 2019. Cost estimation， charge standard， influential factors and other indicators were collected， and the results were presented by descriptive analysis. RESULTS： A total of 5 literatures were included， all of which were reviewed. According to the existing literatures， except for Shandong， Guangdong and Yunnan provinces， there were no regional charge standards in other provinces （districts and cities）. The cost estimation methods of PIVAS in these three provinces were basically the same. The cost could be obtained by adding up the business fees， labor fees， fees of medical instruments purchase and use， indirect fees etc. Dispensing charges in PIVAS were 3-5 yuan per piece for general drug， 5 yuan per piece for antibiotics and 8-12 yuan per piece for cancer chemotherapeutics， 20-35 yuan per piece for TPN. The charging level was mainly affected by local prices， PIVAS scale， hardware investment， management and other factors. CONCLUSIONS： There is no unified charging standard for PIVAS in most provinces （districts， cities） of China. The cost estimation methods of the hospitals from the included literatures are basically the same. It is necessary to construct national PIVAS charging standard and cost estimation method， which could provide a basis for formulating the price of medical and health services.

OBJECTIVE： To systematically evaluate the status quo of cost estimation in pharmacy intravenous admixture services （PIVAS）， and to provide cost basis for the construction of PIVAS in China. METHODS： Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Cochrane library， CBM， CNKI， CSJD and Wanfang database from database establishment to Jan. 2019， the studies about the status quo of cost estimation in PIVAS of China were included. The descriptive analysis was conducted for content and method of cost estimation， infection to hospital. RESULTS： A total of 17 literatures were included， involving 8 before and after control studies， 6 experience sharing studies and 3 reviews. Existing reports showed that the estimation contents and methods of PIVAS cost were roughly the same. The cost included manpower， medical and health materials， fixed asset purchase， depreciation， repair costs， medicine cost and indirect costs. At the same time， the infection to hospital were reported， such as in manpower adopting， formulating detailed management measures and systems， concurrent allocation of the same kind of drugs， shortening infusion preparation and replacement time， in order to save manpower cost. CONCLUSIONS： PIVAS cost calculation method is roughly the same in some hospitals， but there is no uniform standard. It is necessary to further improve the PIVAS cost measurement standard and provide a basis for the construction and development of PIVAS in China.

Objective To provide scientific, popular, interesting and effective health education by exploring various ways. Methods The competition of health education creation works was carried out. The innovative points of three prize-winning works were analyzed. Results There are 48 contestant works from medical staff. Among the innovative points were scientific positioning, easy to understand, the combination of reality and virtuality, and the combination of popularization of science and specialty. Conclusion The passiveness of health education was changed by exploring various ways, which served as a very good model for the innovation of popular science works.

Objective To explore therapeutic effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor on type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods 120 patients suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonal-coholic fatty liver disease from October 2014 to March 2016 in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group and control group. Both groups were given type 2 diabetes conventional treatment ,and the treat-ment group was given dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in addition. Height,weight,waist circumference,hip cir-cumference were measured. Lipid metabolism and,function index,FPG,2 h PG,HbA1c,Ins,C peptide were detected. HOMA-IR was calculated. Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment of fatty liver in the treat-ment group(88.3%)was higher than the control group(78.3%). The difference was statistically significant. FPG , 2hPG,HbA1c,HOMA-IR,LDL-C,TC,TG,AST,ALT andγ-GT in the treatment group were lower than the con-trol group. The difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion The efficacy of sitagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver was significant. It can also significantly reduce blood glucose and in-sulin resistance. Furthermore ,it has a better effect on the patients with blood glucose control and lipid metabolism regulation.

Objective To study the effect of drug combined with psychological intervention on mental status and quality of life in patients with multi drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.MethodsIn Jiashan Second People's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 were 100 cases of multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients as the research object in the course of the study, were randomly divided into control group and experimental group two were 50 cases each.Patients in the control group were given routine drug treatment, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with psychological intervention on the basis of drug treatment.Comparison of the experimental group and the control group after 12 months of treatment, depression score and quality of life score.ResultsBefore treatment, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the scores of life quality and the scores of depression and anxiety, which was not statistically significant.After treatment in December, the anxiety score of the patients in the experimental group was (41.2±8.2), and the score of depression was (36.4±4.5).The total score of quality of life was (75.2±11.2).The anxiety score of the control group was (52.3±7.4), and the score of depression was (45.4±5.6).The total score of QOL was (64.2±9.3).Thus, after the corresponding treatment, the experimental group of patients with depression and anxiety scores were significantly lower than those in the control group, the quality of life scores of the control group was significantly lower than the experimental group, with statistical difference (P<0.05).ConclusionThe drug combined with psychological intervention in treatment of multi drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis can improve the therapeutic effect to a great extent, help the patients to relieve anxiety and depression and other negative emotions, improve the quality of life, with further clinical promotion and application significance.