Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against of Oncomelania hupensis snails in snail habitats in marshland areas. Methods From September to October, 2022, marshlands were sampled from Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province as study areas, and assigned into four groups, of approximately 3 000 m² per group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group B, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was conducted, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group D, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning. Then, the study areas in each group were equally divided into six blocks, with Block 1 for baseline surveys and blocks 2 to 6 for snail surveys 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days following chemical treatment. The mortality of snails and the reduction of the density of living snails were calculated. Results A total of 132 frames were surveyed during the period from September to October 2022, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and means density of living snails were 61.36% (81/132) and 1.58 snails/0.1 m², respectively. The overall mortality rates of snails were 43.02% (77/179), 38.69% (77/199), 47.78% (86/180) and 31.02% (58/187) 14 days following chemical treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (χ² = 11.646, P < 0.05), and there were differences detected in the snail mortality between group A and D, and between groups C and D (both P_adjusted values < 0.05). The adjusted mortality rates of snails were 37.42%, 36.07%, 38.85% and 40.40% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails decreased by 48.10%, 63.29%, 67.09% and 69.62% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, respectively. Conclusions Chemical treatment with drones is feasible for O. hupensis snail control in marshland areas; however, the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is comparable to spraying chemicals manually in marshland areas regardless of environmental cleaning.

Objective　To timely understand the current status and distribution of nail snails (Oncomelania hupensis) in Tongjiang River channels in Zhenjiang City, providing a scientific basis for achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis. Methods　From 2019 to 2023, nine Tongjiang River channels on the south bank of the Yangtze River under the jurisdiction of Zhenjiang City were selected as the monitoring area. Snail monitoring was carried out onshore and beach nail snails floats in the Tongjiang River channels, nail snails on attachments in hardened areas, snails induced by straw curtains, and snails carried by boats and domestic animals. Results　The monitoring results of shoreline snail from 2019 to 2023 showed that the snail situation in the Tongjiang River channel and its outer river bank remained relatively stable from 2019 to 2020; however, in 2021, under the influence of the Yangtze River flooding disaster in 2020, the area of snails increased significantly. In 2021, the area with snails in the Tongjiang River channel and the outer river bank increased by 45.70% (11.95/26.15) and 100.00% (20.00/20.00) compared to 2020; the average density of nails snails in the Tongjiang River channel and the outer river bank and the emergence rate of snail frames both showed a significant increase, rising by 94.73% (0.18/0.19) and 68.08% (8.68/12.75) compared to 2020, and by 122.73% (0.81/0.66) and 102.78% (43.26/42.09), respectively. The differences in the increase in the occurrence rate of spiked frames in the Tongjiang River channel Chili River and Renmin River were not statistically significant (χ2=0.329, P>0.05; χ2=0.646, P>0.05). From 2022 to 2023, the density of nail snails and the occurrence rate of framed snails in the Tongjiang River channel showed a decreasing trend (F=4.72, P=0.04 and χ2=372.58, P<0.01). The area of nail snails, density of live snails, and occurrence rate of framed snails in the outer river bank showed a decreasing trend (F=13.96, P=0.02; F=23.43, P<0.01; χ2=1 029.69, P<0.01). During the five years, no nail snails were detected in the ancient canal and 11 tributaries. From 2019 to 2023, 180 times of 3 003 kg of floating objects were salvaged, with a total of 148 live snails detected. A total of 17 live snails were captured on attachments in the hardened berm area; a total of 11 live snails were captured by straw curtain snail baiting;112 boats were inspected, and no snails were found; there were 112 boats surveyed, and no snails were found; 97 cattle were observed, and 2 cattle were found to carry 1 live snail on their hooves; 321 sheep were observed, and no snails were found on their hooves; and no infectious snails were found in the monitoring area in 5 years. Conclusions　Nail snails continue to exist in the Tongjiang River channel, and the risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission have not been completely eliminated. It is still necessary to carry out accurate monitoring of the snail situation in the Tongjiang River and the river bank, so as to grasp the risk of transmission in time and take emergency measures.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound(HFIU)combined with endometrial ablation in the treatment of adenomyosis(AM)patients with heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB).Method A total of 199 patients with AM combined with HMB who underwent HIFU treatment at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Center of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM from July 2020 to September 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to the ablation range.The combined ablation group included 80 cases with lesion and endometrial ablation(endometrial ablation rate≥30%),while the lesion ablation group 119 cases with simple lesion ablation.A 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed on the two groups,resulting in 59 patients in each group.A 6-month follow-up was conducted.The clinical manifestations(menstrual volume,degree of dysmenorrhea,uterine and lesion volume),quality of life(MS-QOL,UFS-QOL),and postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups before and 6 months after surgery was compared.Results Menstrual volume,degree of dysmenorrhea,uterine and lesion volume,MS-QOL score,and UFS-QOL score of the both groups were improved 6 months after surgery,when compared to those before surgery(P<0.05).Significantly reduced menstrual volume,degree of dysmenorrhea,and lower MS-QOL score were observed in the combined ablation group when compared with the lesion ablation group(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in uterine and lesion volume and UFS-QOL score(P>0.05).There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05),but the combined ablation group had longer vaginal bleeding and fluid flow time(P<0.05).Conclusion The combined HIFU and endometrial ablation can effectively reduce menstrual flow,alleviate dysmenorrhea,and improve quality of life in patients with AM combined with HMB.Although it increases vaginal bleeding and fluid flow time,reasonable symptomatic management can effectively prevent the occurrence of adverse consequences such as infection.

Objective:To investigate the oral health knowledge awareness, attitude and behavior of children in endemic fluorosis areas of Guizhou Province, and evaluate the effectiveness of health education, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving oral health.Methods:In September 2020, 6 counties (cities and districts) were selected as survey sites from the historical fluorosis medium and severe areas in Guizhou Province. One township/village primary school was selected from each survey site to carry out health education activities for one school year. A questionnaire survey was conducted among students from grades 1 to 6 to analyze the changes in children's oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior before and after health education and their influencing factors.Results:Before and after health education, the awareness rate of children's oral health knowledge increased from 79.22% (7 744/9 775) to 94.38% (9 169/9 715), the recognition rate of children's importance of oral health increased from 89.26% (3 490/3 910) to 95.88% (3 726/3 886), and the formation rate of children's oral health behavior increased from 62.59% (6 118/9 775) to 80.38% (7 809/9 715), with an increase of 15.16, 6.62 and 17.79 percentage points, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 975.62, 15.17, 756.29, P < 0.001). The analysis of influencing factors showed that whether to stay, gender, and ethnic characteristics could significantly affect the overall score ( t = - 3.94, - 3.86, - 3.62, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The implementation of oral health education in endemic fluorosis areas in Guizhou Province has significantly improved the health knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health among children in endemic fluorosis areas.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) in lower limbs of orthopedic inpatients, and provide reference for clinical nursing and prevention of thrombosis. Methods: A retrospective case-control approach was used in this study. A total of 148 orthopedic inpatients diagnosed with DVT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from February 2014 to October 2018 were selected as the case group. At the same time, 148 orthopaedic inpatients with undiagnosed DVT in the same Department were randomly selected as the control group. The electronic medical history data and related laboratory examination indexes of the two groups of patients during hospitalization in Orthopedics Department were analyzed retrospectively. Gender, age, seven indicators of blood coagulation, as well as history of hypertension, diabetes, history of DVT and other common risk factors of DVT in the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results: In the case group, 63 patients (42.5%) DVT developed in the right lower extremity. The differences in the clinical symptoms and characteristics of fever, pulmonary infection, cough, expectoration, chest distress and shortness of breath, pleural effusion and constipation between the two groups were statistically significant (χ² value was 5.688-12.312, P<0.01 or 0.05). Single factor analysis of related risk factors showed the differences of age, type of injury, lower limb joint replacement, a plaster cast, hypertension, history of DVT, central venous catheter, D-dimer and preoperative albumin levels, fibrinogen degradation products, and red blood cell count between the two groups were statistically significant (t value was-7.275-3.998, χ² value was 4.889-13.305, Z value was-3.500--3.454, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that lower limb joint replacement(OR=0.383, 95%CI0.190-0.773), cough (OR=0.085, 95%CI0.010-0.731), chest distress and shortness of breath (OR=0.240, 95%CI0.077-0.745), constipation (OR=0.312, 95%CI0.135-0.718), red blood cell count (OR=3.314, 95%CI 2.105-5.216), hypertension (OR=0.534, 95%CI0.292-0.976) were independent risk factors for DVT formation in orthopedic inpatients (P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions DVT in orthopedic inpatients is a common result of multiple factors, among which, lower limb joint replacement, cough, chest distress and shortness of breath, constipation, red blood cell count and hypertension are independent risk factor, which should be monitored and given preventive care.

Objective? To understand patient motivation and its influencing factors prior to posterior lumber interbody fusion surgery. Methods? Using convenient sampling method, a total of 200 patients who will undergo posterior lumber interbody fusion surgery due to degenerative disc disease were selected from 3 ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Suzhou. General Condition Questionnaire, the Chinese version of Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used in the survey. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of patient motivation. The correlation between patient activation and anxiety and depression were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results? The median and interquartile range of PAM is 48.90 and 10.30. The univariate analysis showed that patient motivation was significantly influenced by patient gender, age, education, marital status, employment status, per-capita income, chronical disease, anxiety and depression (χ2/Z=-3.433, 29.882, 56.322, 8.852, -2.785, 54.092, -3.714, 13.031, 16.712; P＜0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, education, depression, income, age were the main influencing factors (R2=0.396, P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Patient motivation needs to be further improved. Intervention strategies can be designed to motivate patients and improve post-operative outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the effective e measures of the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis in hospital and evaluate the effect of"antibolt work"in patients with multidisciplinary cooperation. Methods Compare the level of venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence, average hospital day, patient satisfaction and the level of knowledge of medical staff in the high risk department of VTE. Results After intervention in high-risk departments staff VTE related knowledge level improved, 2013 high- risk departments medical staff about the basic knowledge, risk assessment, VTE prevention knowledge of three dimensional awareness were 34.7％ (26/75), 49.3％ (37/75), 32.0％ (24/75), respectively, 2016 were 56.0％(42/75), 69.3％(52/75), 90.7％(68/75), respectively, two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.887, 6.217, 54.423, P<0.01 or 0.05). Reduced incidence of VTE 2 groups, 2013 annual incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) were 31.7％ (38/120), 11.7％ (14/120), respectively, in 2016 the annual incidence of DVT and PE were 14.2％(17/120), 4.2％(5/120), respectively, two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =10.402, 4.630, P<0.01 or 0.05). VTE in 2016 patients with high-risk departments the average hospitalization time significantly below 2013, 2013 was (18.3 ± 3.5) days while 2016 was (12.7 ± 2.9 )days, two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (t = 13.496, P < 0.01). In 2016, the satisfaction rate of patients with VTE was higher than that in 2013, 77.5％(93/120) in 2013, 90.8％(109/120) in 2016, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.004, P=0.005). Conclusion The prevention and control of venous thrombosis based on multi-disciplinary integration is effective in preventing the occurrence of thrombosis in hospitalized patients and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To describe the growth and development of Schistosoma japonicum in goat and the intensity and tem?poral distribution of eggs excreted by goat feces,so as to provide baseline data for the control and elimination of the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Methods The goat animal models of schistosomiasis were established,and stool sam?ples were collected for parasitological examinations. The number of adult worms recovered,variation of schistosomes in goat at different time points post?infection,number of eggs in schistosomes,variation in number and temporal profiles of eggs excreted from goat feces were observed. Results Of the 6 schistosome?infected goat,415 adult worms were recovered,with a mean adult worm recovery of 34.58%(range,23.00%to 45.50%). Among the 5 goat infected with 200 cercariae each,47,93,77, 74 and 73 adult worms were recovered 2,5,8,11 and 14 months post?infection,respectively. There were(200.00 ± 42.33), (226.20±45.88),(168.20±25.85),(183.80±55.13)and(190.80±53.53)eggs detected in female schistosomes. The mean pre?patent period of eggs excreted by 10 infected goat was(37.7±3.02)d. From 2 to 14 months post?infection,7 batches of goat fe?ces were hatched,and there were 30,23,14,1 and 2 times for miracidium intensity of“++++”,“+++”,“++”,“+”and“-”, respectively,with 42.86%,32.86%,20.00%,1.43%and 2.86%constituent ratios of miracidium intensity. Conclusions Ap?proximately 1/3 S. japonicum cercariae may develop to adults in goats post?infection,and the prepatent period of eggs is(37.7± 3.02)d. There is no remarkable decrease seen in the number of adult worms,eggs in female schistosomes and eggs in goat feces within 14 months post?infection. Our findings suggest a long duration for infected goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis ,and there is no evidence to prove the“self?cure”phenomenon in goat,indicating that goat is an important source of infection for schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to simultaneously determine the contents of shikonin andβ,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin inZizhu Ointment.Methods The contents of shikonin andβ,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin inZizhu Ointment were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were Welch Materials XB-C18 Column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 18.5μm), with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (75:25:0.05), detection wavelength of 516 nm, temperature of 30℃, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the load of 20μL.Results Shikonin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.025 6-0.256μg (r2=0.999 5), and the average recovery rate was 98.12% (RSD=1.92%).β,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.174 4-2.616μg (r2=0.999 2), and the average recovery rate was 100.46% (RSD=1.17%).Conclusion This method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Zizhu Ointment.

Objective To establish a method for quality control of Arnebia euchroma inZizhu Ointment.Methods The TLC was used to make qualitative identification to Arnebia euchroma in Zizhu Ointment. The content of shikonin was targeted as the evaluation index and the method of orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction of shikonin. UV-visible spectrophotometry was used for the determination of shikonin.Results Main spots of TLC were clear, and negative control had no interference. The optimum extraction of shikonin was extracted for three times, 30 min for each time, NaOH volume fraction of 1%, NaOH amount of 50 mL. The absorbance of shikonin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.010 2-0.035 7 mg (r2=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 103.27%, RSD=4.17%.Conclusion This method was simple and feasible, and can be used for the quality control and the evaluation ofZizhu Ointment.