Objective:To explore the effect of chronic incomplete sleep deprivation (SD) on ovarian reserve function in mice and its potential mechanisms.Methods:Sixteen 7-8 week old female C57BL/6 SPF mice were randomly divided into control and SD groups ( n=8 per group) after one week of acclimatization. The mice in the SD group were treated with SD from 7:00 to 10:00 using a deprivation rod for a total of 40 d. Before the first day and the last day of the experiment, vaginal smears were collected daily for 9 d to record and evaluate the estrous cycle. On the last day of the experiment, serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and melatonin (MT) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ovaries were dissected to calculate the ovarian index and count the number of primordial follicles by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Cardiac perfusion was performed to get the brains and the expression of c-Fos protein was observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with control group, SD group had a tendency of estrous cycle disorders. Hormone levels of estradiol [(20.19±3.67) ng/L], progesterone [(2.88±0.53) μg/L], and FSH [(13.42±2.36) U/L] in the SD group were significantly lower than those in control group [(24.66±2.15) ng/L, P=0.010; (3.43±0.49) μg/L, P=0.049; (17.01±1.49) U/L, P=0.003]. Hormone levels of LH and MT in the SD group were lower than those in control group, but without statistical significances (all P>0.05). There was no significant change in the number of primordial follicles between the two groups ( P>0.05). However, the oocyte morphology was poor, the granulosa cells were disorderedly arranged, the number of atretic follicles was decreased, and ovarian fibrosis was obvious in the SD group. Immunohistochemical staining showed an upregulation of c-Fos protein expression in the SCN of the SD group. Conclusion:Continuous 3 h SD for 40 d impairs ovarian reserve function in mice, possibly related to excessive activation of the SCN.

Objective:To explore the effect of chronic incomplete sleep deprivation (SD) on ovarian reserve function in mice and its potential mechanisms.Methods:Sixteen 7-8 week old female C57BL/6 SPF mice were randomly divided into control and SD groups ( n=8 per group) after one week of acclimatization. The mice in the SD group were treated with SD from 7:00 to 10:00 using a deprivation rod for a total of 40 d. Before the first day and the last day of the experiment, vaginal smears were collected daily for 9 d to record and evaluate the estrous cycle. On the last day of the experiment, serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and melatonin (MT) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ovaries were dissected to calculate the ovarian index and count the number of primordial follicles by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Cardiac perfusion was performed to get the brains and the expression of c-Fos protein was observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with control group, SD group had a tendency of estrous cycle disorders. Hormone levels of estradiol [(20.19±3.67) ng/L], progesterone [(2.88±0.53) μg/L], and FSH [(13.42±2.36) U/L] in the SD group were significantly lower than those in control group [(24.66±2.15) ng/L, P=0.010; (3.43±0.49) μg/L, P=0.049; (17.01±1.49) U/L, P=0.003]. Hormone levels of LH and MT in the SD group were lower than those in control group, but without statistical significances (all P>0.05). There was no significant change in the number of primordial follicles between the two groups ( P>0.05). However, the oocyte morphology was poor, the granulosa cells were disorderedly arranged, the number of atretic follicles was decreased, and ovarian fibrosis was obvious in the SD group. Immunohistochemical staining showed an upregulation of c-Fos protein expression in the SCN of the SD group. Conclusion:Continuous 3 h SD for 40 d impairs ovarian reserve function in mice, possibly related to excessive activation of the SCN.

In this study, the current status for breast diseases in a region with high-incidence of cervical cancer were epidemiologically investigated. From March to August, 2009, 17618 women, from Wufeng area of Hubei province, China, were recruited to screen breast diseases by using breast infrared diagnostic apparatus. Other diagnostic methods, such as B-mode ultrasound, X-ray mammography, needle biopsy and pathological examination were, if necessary, used to further confirm the diagnosis. The screening showed that 5990 of 17618 cases (34.00%) had breast diseases, 5843 (33.16%) had mammary gland hyperplasia, 48 (0.27%) had breast fibroadenoma, 11 (0.06%) had breast carcinoma, and 88 (0.50%) had other breast diseases. The peak morbidity of breast cancer was found in the women aged 50-60 ages. The morbidity of breast cancer was significantly increased in women elder than or equal to 50 years old (n=8, 0.157%) in comparison with that in the subjects younger than 50 years old (n=3, 0.024%) (u=2.327, P<0.05). It was shown that the occurrence of breast diseases was concentrated in women aged 20-40 years, while the total morbidity reached its peak at the age of 30 years and then decreased sharply after age of 40. Compared with the patients elder than or equal to 40 years old (n=3289, 27.46%), the morbidity rate of breast diseases was significantly increased in women less than 40 years old (2648 cases, 47.18%; P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the morbidity of breast diseases between the age group of 20-29 years and that of 30-39 years (P=0.453), and both of them were high. There was no significant association between the morbidity of breast diseases and cervical cancer. Since the morbidity of breast diseases was higher among young women, more attention should be paid to the screening of breast diseases among young women for early diagnosis.

In this study,the current status for breast diseases in a region with high-incidence of cervical cancer were epidemiologically investigated.From March to August,2009,17618 women,from Wufeng area of Hubei province,China,were recruited to screen breast diseases by using breast infrared diagnostic apparatus.Other diagnostic methods,such as B-mode ultrasound,X-ray mammography,needle biopsy and pathological examination were,if necessary,used to further confirm the diagnosis.The screening showed that 5990 of 17618 cases (34.00％) had breast diseases,5843 (33.16％) had mammary gland hyperplasia,48 (0.27％) had breast fibroadenoma,ll (0.06％) had breast carcinoma,and 88 (0.50％) had other breast diseases.The peak morbidity of breast cancer was found in the women aged 50-0 ages.The morbidity of breast cancer was significantly increased in women elder than or equal to 50 years old (n=8,0.157％) in comparison with that in the subjects younger than 50 years old (n=3,0.024％) (u=2.327,P＜0.05).It was shown that the occurrence of breast diseases was concentrated in women aged 20-40 years,while the total morbidity reached its peak at the age of 30 years and then decreased sharply after age of 40.Compared with the patients elder than or equal to 40 years old (n=3289,27.46％),the morbidity rate of breast diseases was significantly increased in women less than 40 years old (2648 cases,47.18％; P＜0.001).However,there was no significant difference in the morbidity of breast diseases between the age group of 20-29 years and that of 30-39 years (P=0.453),and both of them were high.There was no significant association between the morbidity of breast diseases and cervical cancer.Since the morbidity of breast diseases was higher among young women,more attention should be paid to the screening of breast diseases among young women for early diagnosis.