Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of patients over 60 years old with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area of Shanghai and the risk factors of positive detection of novel coronavirus, and to provide reference for improving prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods General conditions, clinical features, basic complications and respiratory samples of inpatients over 60 years old with acute respiratory infection from eight hospitals in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from January to October 2023 were collected, and SARS-CoV-2 detection was carried out. Chi-square test and binary logistics regression were used for data analysis. Results A total of 604 patients over 60 years old were collected, including 356 (58.945) males with a median age of 77 (IQR:70-85) years. Of the 604 cases, 264 were detected positive for SARS-CoV-2, with a positive detection rate of 43.71%. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 among different age groups (χ²=10.60, P=0.01) and different months (χ²=87.15, P=0.00), and among those with cough (χ²=5.28, P=0.02), sputum (χ²=4.19, P=0.04), sore throat (χ²=3.93, P=0.04), and hypertension (χ²=7.63, P=0.01). In the binary logistics regression analysis, month (P=0.00, OR=2.93, 95% CI=1.49-5.78) and age (P=0.00, OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.55-4.37) were independent risk factors for positive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion The majority of hospitalized cases of acute respiratory infection over 60 years old are male, and the risk factors for positive detection of novel coronavirus are age 80~89 years old and time between May and June.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of liver cancer in Guangdong Province in 2020, and to provide a scientific foundation for the development of regionalized prevention and control strategies for liver cancer. Methods According to the cancer registry data of Guangdong Province, the incidence, mortality and age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population in 2020 were calculated to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer. The disability adjusted life years (DALYs), year of life loss (YLL), year of lived with disability (YLD), and cause-eliminated life expectancy were used to assess the disease burden of liver cancer. Results In 2020, the crude incidence rate and the age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 27.79/100 000 and 20.84/100 000，respectively, and the crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate of liver cancer were 25.49/100,000 and 17.64/100 000, respectively. The total DALY and DALY rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 515 311 person-years and 513.83/100 000, respectively. After eliminating the causes of death from liver cancer, the life expectancy in Guangdong Province increased from 84.60 years to 84.99 years. All indicators consistently demonstrated that the burden of liver cancer was higher in males than that in females, and the burden of liver cancer was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas. Conclusion Liver cancer in Guangdong Province exhibits a high incidence, mortality and disease burden level in 2020. There are obvious differences of gender, age and region in cancer burden. It is necessary to strengthen liver cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment in men, the elderly and those in rural areas to reduce the burden of liver cancer gradually in Guangdong Province.

BackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia are prone to higher rates of hospital readmission， presenting significant clinical challenges and imposing considerable social burdens within the mental health domain. In recent years， various risk prediction models have been developed to forecast readmission in patients with schizophrenia and support clinical decision-making， but their predictive performance and clinical applicability require comprehensive evaluation. ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia， so as to provide insights for the development of high-performance and highly applicable readmission risk prediction models for patients with schizophrenia. MethodsOn July 5， 2025， a systematic literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases， including PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， CINAHL， CNKI， China Biomedical Literature Database， Wanfang Database， and VIP Database， to identify risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to July 1， 2025. Two researchers independently performed literature screening， data extraction， risk of bias assessment， and applicability assessment. ResultsA total of 9 studies were included in this review， encompassing 18 risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia. Among them， 4 models reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve （AUC）， ranging from 0.734 to 0.820， 16 models provided AUC values of 0.642–0.879 for internal validation， and 1 model demonstrated an AUC of 0.841 for external validation. Key predictors included disease duration and the concomitant therapy of antipsychotic medications. The risk of bias was assessed as "high" in all included studies. ConclusionThe development of risk prediction models for readmission in patients with schizophrenia remains in an exploratory stage. Although the model exhibits favorable predictive performance， it is associated with a high risk of bias and insufficient performance evaluation.

Objective: To characterize longitudinal trajectories of testicular development in boys and breast development in girls, so as to provide reference data for understanding patterns of pubertal sexual maturation. Methods: Based on the Shanghai Pudong New Area Cohort Study on Growth, Development and Health in Children and Adolescents, a baseline survey was conducted in 2020 using a mult stage cluster random sampling method. A total of 2 184 children who completed all follow ups during the primary school period from 13 elementary schools in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,with annual follow ups during 2021-2025. Testicular volume and Tanner stage of breast development were assessed by professional physicians using standardized visual inspection and palpation. The age distribution of testicular volume and breast development was fitted by using cumulative link mixed models and Turnbull s nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method. Results: Median ages for testicular volumes of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mL in boys were 7.07, 9.24, 10.29, and 11.57 years old, respectively. Median ages for Tanner breast stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ in girls were 8.55 , 10.17, 11.18, and 13.78 years old, respectively. Based on overweight and obesity, stratified analysis showed that earlier pubertal onset among overweight/obesity children, and the key milestones for pubertal initiation were testicular volume reaching 4 mL in boys and breast Tanner II in girls for 10.29, 10.83; 8.18, 9.00 years. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are associated with earlier pubertal initiation,but there are certain gender and developmental stage specific patterns.

ObjectiveTo develop a full-process data platform of renal rehabilitation, diagnosis and quality control information. MethodsA hierarchical architectural design was proposed, adhering to clinical pathway models and standardized data protocols. The platform comprehensively covered assessment, intervention, follow-up and quality control for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. By integrating multidisciplinary resources and standardizing rehabilitation workflows, it delivered standardized and intelligent rehabilitation services. ResultsThe platform achieved standardized and intelligent management of rehabilitation services, effectively improved the physiological function, psychological state and quality of life convenience for MHD patients, while significantly reduced the economic and care burden on patients' families and society. ConclusionThe rehabilitation service model based on a full-process data platform may provide scientific and systematic support for MHD patients.

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

Objective To investigate the functional changes of oligodendrocytes in a mouse model of cognitive impairment induced by microwave radiation and the mechanism.Methods C57BL/6N male mice were exposed to S-band microwave at 2.856 GHz and 8 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The rectal temperature of mice was monitored by an optical fiber thermometer during microwave radiation.The changes of autonomous exploration behavior and learning and memory ability of mice on the 1st and 7th days after microwave radiation were detected via the open field test and novel object recognition test.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression and distribution of neuroglia-2 proteoglycan(NG2)and myelin basic protein(MBP)in the hippocampus of mice on the 1st and 7th days after radiation.Clemastine fumarate,a drug that promoted the maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells was administered by gavage,and the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)in hippocampal tissues were detected by radioimmunoassay at 1 and 7 days after radiation.The changes of myelin sheath structure an 1 and 7 days after radiation were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The effects of clemastine fumarate on learning and memory impairment induced by microwave exposure in mice were assessed via open field and new object recognition experiments.Results Under the experimental conditions,the rectal temperature in mice caused by microwave radiation increased by less than 1 ℃,which was within the thermal safety range of the body.The open field test showed that compared with the control group,the microwave radiation group didn't change significant in terms of movement speedon the 1st and 7th days,but the time spent exploring in the central area was significantly reducedon the 1st day after radiation(P＜0.05).In the novel object recognition test,the indexes of the mice on the 1st day were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),indicating that the anxiety like behavior and cognitive function of the mice were impaired after microwave radiation.Compared with the control group,the proportion of NG2+area in the hippocampus was significantly decreased(P＜0.05)in the microwave radiation group,while that of MBP+area hardly changed on the 1st day after microwave radiation(P＞0.05).The expression level of oligodendrocyte related BDNF in the hippocampus was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The myelin of the corpus callosum was broken,and the myelin g ratio was significantly increased(P＜0.05),suggesting that micro wave radiation could reduce the number of oligodendrocyte precursors and damage the secretion and myelin function of oligodendrocyte.Compared with the radiation group,the expression levels of BNDF and FGF2 in the radiation combined with clemastine fumarate group were up-regulated,the myelin g ratio was significantly decreased on the 1st day after radiation(P＜0.05),and the novel object recognition index was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pulsed microwave radiation below the body's fever threshold can cause cognitive dysfunction and other brain damage in mice.The impaired secretion and myelin function of oligodendrocytes and the decreased self-repair ability are the important mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by microwave radiation.

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

Objective: To investigate characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide a basis for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020 were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, truncated rate for 35 to 64 years, and cumulative rate for 0 to 64 years were calculated, and standardized using the Segi's world standard population. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality by different genders, urban/rural areas and ages. Results: A total of 14 771 cases of colorectal cancer were reported in Guangdong Province in 2020. The crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 35.18/100 000, 24.84/100 000, 38.87/100 000 and 1.37%, respectively. A total of 5 384 deaths of colorectal cancer were reported, with crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 14.55/100 000, 8.83/100 000, 10.39/100 000 and 0.37%, respectively. The crude incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females (40.35/100 000 vs. 29.88/100 000, 16.51/100 000 vs. 12.54/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality were higher in urban areas than in rural areas (38.94/100 000 vs. 26.10/100 000, 16.60/100 000 vs. 10.42/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of colorectal cancer initially increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 239.36/105 in the 80-<85 age group, followed by a marked decline after 85 years. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 174.25/100 000 in the ≥85 years age group. Conclusions In 2020, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province were higher than the national averages. There were differences in the characteristics of incidence and mortality among genders, urban/areas and age. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control efforts for colorectal cancer in males, urban areas, and the elderly population.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control strategies of lung cancer. Methods: Data of incidence and mortality in 2020 from 30 cancer registries in Guangdong Province were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, and cumulative rate for 0 to 74 years were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate and world population-standardized rate were calculated using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. The incidence and mortality characteristics of lung cancer in different genders, urban/rural areas and ages were described. Results: In 2020, there were 25 357 new cases of lung cancer in Guangdong Province. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, and cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years were 60.40/100 000, 43.75/100 000, 43.26/100 000, and 5.30%, respectively. There were 14 366 lung cancer deaths. The crude mortality, Chinese population-standardized mortality, world population-standardized mortality, and cumulative mortality for 0 to 74 years were 38.82/100 000, 24.49/100 000, 24.36/100 000, and 2.88%, respectively. The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (71.19/100 000 vs. 49.42/100 000, 52.94/100 000 vs. 24.36/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas (66.37/100 000 vs. 45.95/100 000, 40.68/100 000 vs. 35.07/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer exhibited upward trends with increasing age (both P<0.05), peaking in the age of 80-<85 years (347.97/100 000 and 342.14/100 000). Conclusions Comparing to the national data, the incidence of lung cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province remained relatively high, while mortality remained relatively low. Males, urban residents and the elderly constitute the key populations for lung cancer prevention and control. It is recommend to optimize the allocation of medical resources between urban and rural areas and strengthen lung cancer screening among high-risk groups.