Objective: To characterize longitudinal trajectories of testicular development in boys and breast development in girls, so as to provide reference data for understanding patterns of pubertal sexual maturation. Methods: Based on the Shanghai Pudong New Area Cohort Study on Growth, Development and Health in Children and Adolescents, a baseline survey was conducted in 2020 using a mult stage cluster random sampling method. A total of 2 184 children who completed all follow ups during the primary school period from 13 elementary schools in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,with annual follow ups during 2021-2025. Testicular volume and Tanner stage of breast development were assessed by professional physicians using standardized visual inspection and palpation. The age distribution of testicular volume and breast development was fitted by using cumulative link mixed models and Turnbull s nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method. Results: Median ages for testicular volumes of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mL in boys were 7.07, 9.24, 10.29, and 11.57 years old, respectively. Median ages for Tanner breast stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ in girls were 8.55 , 10.17, 11.18, and 13.78 years old, respectively. Based on overweight and obesity, stratified analysis showed that earlier pubertal onset among overweight/obesity children, and the key milestones for pubertal initiation were testicular volume reaching 4 mL in boys and breast Tanner II in girls for 10.29, 10.83; 8.18, 9.00 years. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are associated with earlier pubertal initiation,but there are certain gender and developmental stage specific patterns.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To discuss the characteristics of age,antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),sex hormones,and glycolipid metabolism in the infertile patients with different phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS),and to improve the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology(ART).Methods:A total of 11 660 infertile female patients treated in our hospital were selected as the research subjects,including 3 110 PCOS patients and 8 550 non-PCOS patients.According to the Rotterdam criteria and inclusion/exclusion criteria,the subjects were divided into PCOS group(2 261 PCOS patients)and control group(1 871 non-PCOS patients).The PCOS group was further divided into four phenotypes:type A(345 cases,oligo-ovulation or anovulation(OA)+hyperandrogenemia or clinical hyperandrogenism(HA)+polycystic ovary morphology(PCO)),type B(204 cases,OA+HA),type C(102 cases,HA+PCO),and type D(1 610 cases,OA+PCO).Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to detect the serum AMH levels of the subjects in various groups;glucose oxidase method and biochemical method were used to detect the serum levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TCHO),fasting blood glucose(FBG),and fasting insulin(FINS)of the subjects in various groups;chemiluminescence method was used to detect the serum basal sex hormone levels of the subjects in various groups;transvaginal ultrasound was used to detect the AFC of the subjects in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the age and serum basal follicle-stimulating hormone(bFSH)levels of the subjects in different PCOS phenotype groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while AFC and serum levels of AMH,total testosterone(TESTO),and basal luteinizing hormone(bLH)of the subjects were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with type A PCOS group,the AFC and serum levels of AMH and bLH of the subjects in type B,C,and D PCOS groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the serum levels of TG,TCHO,FBG,and FINS,as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)of the subjects in type A and D PCOS groups were significantly increased(P<0.01);the serum levels of FBG and FINS,as well as HOMA-IR of the subjects in type B PCOS group were significantly increased(P<0.01);the serum TG level of the subjects in type C PCOS group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with type A PCOS group,the serum levels of TG and FINS,as well as HOMA-IR of the subjects in type B,C,and D PCOS groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The patients with different PCOS phenotypes exhibit distinct basal sex hormone levels and glycolipid metabolism characteristics.Phenotypic classification of PCOS infertile patients helps predict disease severity,and personalized pretreatment should be performed for different PCOS phenotypes before ART.

Objective This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China,focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status. Methods This study used data from the latest Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).The analysis used the latent class analysis to delineate personality clusters and hierarchical linear regression,supplemented by the PROCESS macro,to investigate the effects of social engagement and marital status on depressive symptoms. Results The analysis encompassed 7,789 respondents(mean age:82.53[s=11.20]years),with 54%female.The personality analysis categorized participants into four clusters,with the majority(77.60%)classified as Confident Idealists,who exhibited the lowest levels of depressive symptoms.Hierarchical linear regression analysis yielded several significant findings:Higher levels of social engagement were significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms(t=-7.932,P<0.001,B=-0.463).Marital status was a significant factor;married individuals reported fewer depressive symptoms compared to their unmarried counterparts(t=-6.368,P<0.001,B=-0.750).There was a significant moderating effect of marital status on the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms(t=-2.092,P=0.037,B=-0.217). Conclusion This study demonstrates that,among Chinese older adults,both social engagement and marital status significantly influence depressive symptoms.Higher social engagement,particularly in other activities like doing household chores,gardening,reading newspapers or books,and playing cards or Mahjong,is associated with fewer depressive symptoms,especially among married individuals.

Objective:To further explore the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0001776 and mir-1265 in lung squamous carcinoma by verifying the expression level of hsa_circ_0001776 in plasma, tissues, and cells of lung squamous carcinoma.Methods:Plasma was collected from patients with lung squamous carcinoma treated at Tangshan People's Hospital and healthy individuals from 2020 to 2022. Lung squamous carcinoma tissue microarrays purchased from Shanghai Xinchao Biotechnology Company in 2022. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma plasma, tissues, and cells, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to verify the expression of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma. The localization of hsa_circ_0001776 in NCI-H1703 was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The lung squamous carcinoma cells NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 were cultured in vitro and divided into the circ-negative control (NC) group, hsa_circ_0001776 overexpression group, miR-NC group, miR-1265 mimic group, hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group, and hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group.The cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis were detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method, clone formation, Transwell invasion and migration, and scratch assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The downstream of hsa_circ_0001776 was predicted by circular RNA interactome website, and the interaction between hsa_circ_0001776, miR-1265 was further determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, and nude mice subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay detected the growth of transplanted tumors. Results:Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that the fluorescence intensity of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the fluorescence intensity of miR-1265 in lung squamous carcinoma tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (both P＜0.05). The expression level of hsa_circ_0001776 in the plasma of lung squamous carcinoma patients was lower than that in the plasma of healthy people, and the expression level of miR-1265 was higher than that in the plasma of healthy people (both P＜0.05). The expression levels of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma cells NCI-H1703, NCI-H226 and SK-MES-1 were lower than that in bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B (all P＜0.05), and the relative expression levels of miR-1265 in NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 were higher than that in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS -2B (all P＜0.05). The expression of hsa_circ_0001776 was correlated with age, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and tumor stage in patients with lung squamous carcinoma (all P＜0.05). Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that hsa_circ_0001776 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay showed complementary binding of miR-1265 to hsa_circ_0001776. The absorbance values of the hsa_circ_0001776 overexpression group in NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 cells were lower than that of the circ-NC group ( P＜0.05). The number of cell clones in the hsa_circ_0001776 overexpressed group was (52±3) and (53±4), the number of migrating cells was (476±17) and (113±7), the number of invading cells was (100±2) and (184±2), and the cell migration rate was (25.00±4.36)% and (36.02±5.55)%, which were lower than those of the circ-NC group [(104±4) and (106±2), (783±29) and (517±16), (657±45) and (473±9), (48.95±8.69)% and (48.70±1.57)%, all P＜0.05]. The apoptosis rates in the overexpression hsa_circ_0001776 group were (24.77±2.303)% and (19.67±1.16)%, respectively, both higher than those in the circ-NC group [(11.83±1.15)% and (9.50±0.66)%, respectively, both P＜0.05]. MiR-1265 mimic group had a higher apoptotic rate in the NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 than those of the miR-NC groups ( P＜0.05). miR-1265 mimic group had (56±13) and (51±8) cell clones, (556±13) and (405±6) migrating cells, (486±6) and (359±7) invading cells, cell migration rates of (68.56±5.51)%, (81.74±8.04)%, were higher than those of miR-NC group [(31±4) and (21±8), (154±19) and (186±5), (227±6) and (176±7), (25.83±4.26)% and (53.12±4.14) %, all P＜0.05]. The apoptotic rates in the miR-1265 mimic group were (11.83±2.55)% and (17.50±1.05)%, respectively, which were lower than those in the miR-NC group [(32.67±4.44)% and (39.90±2.88)%, respectively, both P<0.05]. The absorbance values of NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group were higher than those of the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group ( P<0.05). The overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group had (128±15) and (133±8) cell clones, (623±10) and (310±7) migrating cells, (643±16) and (420±7) invading cells, (66.39±4.46)% cell migration rate and (68.60±3.53)%, were higher than those of the hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group [(86±7) and (80±16), (380±11) and (115±5), (152±7) and (94±4), respectively, (31.41±5.91)% and (30.94±0.67)%, all P＜0.05]. The apoptotic rates in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group were (19.27±0.15)% and (11.53±0.75)%, respectively, both lower than those in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group [(27.77±1.29)% and (18.43±0.71)%, both P＜0.05]. The results of the subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay in nude mice showed that the volume of tumors in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776 group was lower than that in the circ-NC group ( P＜0.05). Conclusion:hsa_circ_0001776 is downregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and hsa_circ_0001776 can inhibit the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR-1265.

Objective:To further explore the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0001776 and mir-1265 in lung squamous carcinoma by verifying the expression level of hsa_circ_0001776 in plasma, tissues, and cells of lung squamous carcinoma.Methods:Plasma was collected from patients with lung squamous carcinoma treated at Tangshan People's Hospital and healthy individuals from 2020 to 2022. Lung squamous carcinoma tissue microarrays purchased from Shanghai Xinchao Biotechnology Company in 2022. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma plasma, tissues, and cells, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to verify the expression of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma. The localization of hsa_circ_0001776 in NCI-H1703 was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The lung squamous carcinoma cells NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 were cultured in vitro and divided into the circ-negative control (NC) group, hsa_circ_0001776 overexpression group, miR-NC group, miR-1265 mimic group, hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group, and hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group.The cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis were detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method, clone formation, Transwell invasion and migration, and scratch assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The downstream of hsa_circ_0001776 was predicted by circular RNA interactome website, and the interaction between hsa_circ_0001776, miR-1265 was further determined by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, and nude mice subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay detected the growth of transplanted tumors. Results:Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that the fluorescence intensity of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the fluorescence intensity of miR-1265 in lung squamous carcinoma tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (both P＜0.05). The expression level of hsa_circ_0001776 in the plasma of lung squamous carcinoma patients was lower than that in the plasma of healthy people, and the expression level of miR-1265 was higher than that in the plasma of healthy people (both P＜0.05). The expression levels of hsa_circ_0001776 in lung squamous carcinoma cells NCI-H1703, NCI-H226 and SK-MES-1 were lower than that in bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B (all P＜0.05), and the relative expression levels of miR-1265 in NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 were higher than that in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS -2B (all P＜0.05). The expression of hsa_circ_0001776 was correlated with age, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and tumor stage in patients with lung squamous carcinoma (all P＜0.05). Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that hsa_circ_0001776 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay showed complementary binding of miR-1265 to hsa_circ_0001776. The absorbance values of the hsa_circ_0001776 overexpression group in NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 cells were lower than that of the circ-NC group ( P＜0.05). The number of cell clones in the hsa_circ_0001776 overexpressed group was (52±3) and (53±4), the number of migrating cells was (476±17) and (113±7), the number of invading cells was (100±2) and (184±2), and the cell migration rate was (25.00±4.36)% and (36.02±5.55)%, which were lower than those of the circ-NC group [(104±4) and (106±2), (783±29) and (517±16), (657±45) and (473±9), (48.95±8.69)% and (48.70±1.57)%, all P＜0.05]. The apoptosis rates in the overexpression hsa_circ_0001776 group were (24.77±2.303)% and (19.67±1.16)%, respectively, both higher than those in the circ-NC group [(11.83±1.15)% and (9.50±0.66)%, respectively, both P＜0.05]. MiR-1265 mimic group had a higher apoptotic rate in the NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 than those of the miR-NC groups ( P＜0.05). miR-1265 mimic group had (56±13) and (51±8) cell clones, (556±13) and (405±6) migrating cells, (486±6) and (359±7) invading cells, cell migration rates of (68.56±5.51)%, (81.74±8.04)%, were higher than those of miR-NC group [(31±4) and (21±8), (154±19) and (186±5), (227±6) and (176±7), (25.83±4.26)% and (53.12±4.14) %, all P＜0.05]. The apoptotic rates in the miR-1265 mimic group were (11.83±2.55)% and (17.50±1.05)%, respectively, which were lower than those in the miR-NC group [(32.67±4.44)% and (39.90±2.88)%, respectively, both P<0.05]. The absorbance values of NCI-H1703 and NCI-H226 in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group were higher than those of the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group ( P<0.05). The overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group had (128±15) and (133±8) cell clones, (623±10) and (310±7) migrating cells, (643±16) and (420±7) invading cells, (66.39±4.46)% cell migration rate and (68.60±3.53)%, were higher than those of the hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group [(86±7) and (80±16), (380±11) and (115±5), (152±7) and (94±4), respectively, (31.41±5.91)% and (30.94±0.67)%, all P＜0.05]. The apoptotic rates in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-1265 mimic group were (19.27±0.15)% and (11.53±0.75)%, respectively, both lower than those in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776+miR-NC group [(27.77±1.29)% and (18.43±0.71)%, both P＜0.05]. The results of the subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay in nude mice showed that the volume of tumors in the overexpression of hsa_circ_0001776 group was lower than that in the circ-NC group ( P＜0.05). Conclusion:hsa_circ_0001776 is downregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and hsa_circ_0001776 can inhibit the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR-1265.

Objective To clarify whether the use of dynamic coronary artery roadmap(DCR)technology in a low-dose mode with 7.5 frames per second during coronary intervention can further reduce the total radiation dose,fluoroscopy time,and contrast agent usage.Methods A total of 94 patients,who received coronary angiography at the Shanghai Tongji Hospital of China between July 2022 and December 2022,were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into DCR group(n=53)and control group(n=41).DCR technology was used in the DCR group to guide the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),while low-dose mode coronary angiography was adopted in the control group.The total air kerma(AK),dose-area product(DAP),intraoperative fluoroscopy time,and contrast agent usage were compared between the two groups.Results In the DCR group AK was(597.9±222.8)mGy,which was significantly lower than(717.0±326.8)mGy in the control group(P=0.039);DAP was(33.2±13.3)Gycm2/s,which was also remarkably lower than(41.3±21.5)Gycm2/s in the control group(P=0.027).In the DCR group and the control group,the intraoperative fluoroscopy time was(9.8± 3.3)min and(12.1±4.3)min respectively(P＜0.01),and the contrast agent usage was(122.3±19.0)mL and(130.5± 28.5)mL respectively(P=0.116).Conclusion In a low-dose mode during coronary intervention,the use of DCR technology can further reduce radiation dose,fluoroscopy time,and contrast agent usage.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:236-239)

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of applying the ADDIE (analysis, design, develop, implement, evaluate) Model in clinical teaching for nursing interns in spine surgery department.Methods:Using a convenience sampling method, 44 nursing interns in the Department of Orthopedics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the control group from July 2021 to May 2022, and were taught using traditional methods. From July 2022 to May 2023, 45 nursing interns were selected as the observation group, and a teaching team was formed to design a training program based on the five stages of the ADDIE instructional design model. This program was tailored to improve the overall clinical competence of the spinal surgery nursing interns. After training, the teaching effects were evaluated based on knowledge test scores, skills test scores, overall clinical competence, and teaching satisfaction.Results:After the training, the skills test scores in specialized nursing for the observation group were (94.87±1.10) points, higher than the control group's (93.98±1.41) points, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). The observation group also scored higher than the control group in clinical judgment, organizational effectiveness, overall performance, and total score in the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Additionally, the observation group reported higher satisfaction with the teaching plan and methods compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical teaching for spinal surgery nursing interns based on the ADDIE instructional design model can improve their specialized practical skills and overall clinical competence. The interns also expressed a high level of acceptance for this teaching design model.

Objective To compare the short-term efficacy and safety of inflatable video-assisted mediastinoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy (IVMTE) and minimally invasive transthoracic esophagectomy (MITE) in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Methods The Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, VIP, and CNKI were searched. Literatures related to the short-term efficacy and safety of IVMTE and MITE in the treatment of esophageal neoplasms published from the establishment of the database to December 2023 were searched and meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.4. Quality of case control study or cohort study was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and quality of randomized controlled trial was assessed by Cochrane Handbook. Results A total of 14 studies (12 case control studies and 1 prospective cohort study wiht NOS score more than 7 points and 1 randomized controlled trial wiht low bias risk) were included, comprising 1 163 patients, with 525 in the IVMTE group and 638 in the MITE group. The results of meta-analysis revealed that the IVMTE group exhibited significantly shorter operative time [MD=−60.42, 95%CI (−83.78, −37.07), P<0.001] and postoperative hospital stay [MD=−2.44, 95%CI (−2.93, −1.94), P<0.01] compared to the MITE group. Moreover, intraoperative blood loss [MD=−34.67, 95%CI (−59.11, −10.23), P=0.005], three-day postoperative drainage [MD=−286.66, 95%CI (−469.93, −103.40), P=0.002], incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection [OR=0.38, 95%CI (0.26, 0.56), P<0.001], lung leakage rate [OR=0.12, 95% CI (0.02, 0.63), P=0.01] and overall complication rate [MD=0.41, 95%CI (0.22, 0.75), P=0.004] were all lower in the IVMTE group compared to those in the MITE group. However, the MITE technique demonstrated superiority over IVMTE regarding intraoperative lymph dissection number [MD=−3.52, 95%CI (−6.36, –0.68), P=0.02] and intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve injury [OR=1.78, 95%CI (1.22, 2.60), P=0.003]. No significant difference was observed between both methods concerning anastomotic fistula. Conclusion Compared to MITE, IVMTE has advantages such as shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter hospital stay, less postoperative drainage within 3 days, and a lower incidence of pulmonary complications. In terms of laryngeal recurrent nerve injury and lymphatic dissection, MITE operation offers more benefits.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy after thymoma resection. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI databases were systematically searched to find relevant literature comparing the efficacy and effectiveness of thymoma resection and thymoma resection+postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for treating thymoma published from inception to January 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of included retrospective studies, and Review Manager 5.4 software was used to perform meta-analysis. Results A total of 23 articles were included, all of which were retrospective studies. There were a total of 13742 patients, including 6980 patients in the simple surgery group, with 3321 males and 3659 females, and an average age of 54.08 years; 6762 patients in the surgery+PORT group, with 3385 males and 3377 females, and an average age of 53.76 years. The NOS scores of the included literature were all≥7 points. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the simple surgery group, the surgery+PORT group had higher 1-year overall survival rate [OR=0.32, 95%CI (0.25, 0.42), P<0.001], 3-year overall survival rate [OR=0.55, 95%CI (0.48, 0.64), P<0.001], 5-year overall survival rate [OR=0.66, 95%CI (0.58, 0.75), P<0.001], 10-year overall survival rate [OR=0.71, 95%CI (0.57, 0.88), P=0.002], 1-year disease-free survival rate [OR=0.47, 95%CI (0.23, 0.93), P=0.030], 5-year disease-free survival rate [OR=0.61, 95%CI (0.45, 0.84), P=0.003], 3-year disease-specific survival rate [OR=0.44, 95%CI (0.35, 0.55), P<0.001], 5-year disease-specific survival rate [OR=0.53, 95%CI (0.44, 0.63), P<0.001] and 10-year disease-specific survival rate [OR=0.53, 95%CI (0.35, 0.82), P=0.004]. But there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of 3-year disease-free survival rate [OR=0.86, 95%CI (0.61, 1.22), P=0.400], 10-year disease-free survival rate [OR=0.70, 95%CI (0.47, 1.05), P=0.080] and 1-year disease-specific survival rate [OR=0.83, 95%CI (0.55, 1.26), P=0.380]. Conclusion PORT after thymoma resection has more advantages than simple surgical treatment in terms of 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival, 1- and 5-year disease-free survival, and 3-, 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival.