Surface proteins play pivotal roles in physiological processes, including cell recognition, signal transduction, substance transport, and immune responses. However, challenges persist in characterizing abnormal surface proteins in disease states and identifying therapeutic targets, due to the low abundance of these proteins within the total proteome and the frequent presence of their complex glycosylation modifications. Recent years have witnessed the vigorous development of chemical proteomics, leading to the successful creation of various chemical probes for the labeling and characterization of cell surface proteins. These techniques have subsequently been applied to the detection of disease surface proteins and the discovery of corresponding targets. Surface protein characterization techniques based on chemical proteomics are discussed herein, focusing on the principles of amino acid-targeted labeling, proximity labeling, and glycoprotein capture. The novelty, advantages, and limitations of techniques such as targeted lysine labeling, peroxidase and photocatalytic proximity labeling, and chemical glycan capture and metabolic glycan labeling are elaborated, and their applications across various biological models and disease types are described, aiming to provide some reference for target discovery and drug development targeting surface proteins.

Objective:To establish a framework of entrustable professional activity indicators for non-anesthesiology residents during rotation in the Department of Anesthesiology, standardize the training process, and provide an effective evaluation method.Methods:Based on literature review and discussions, a preliminary expert consultation questionnaire was developed. From July to November 2024, a modified Delphi method was adopted and relevant experts were invited to assess the importance, validity, and feasibility of each indicator using a 5-point Likert scale. The results were used to screen and refine the entrustable professional activity indicators for non-anesthesiology residents during rotation in the Department of Anesthesiology.Results:In the two rounds of expert consultation, the valid questionnaire return rate reached 100.00%, with an expert judgment basis coefficient of 0.73 and a familiarity coefficient of 0.90. Based on expert feedback, the final framework retained 3 first-level indicators and 12 second-level indicators. Modifications included renaming "Anesthesia Management" to "Anesthetic Drug Management", swapping the order of "Intraoperative Emergency Management" and "Airway Management", and removing the indicator "Resuscitation Assessment".Conclusions:This study preliminarily developed a framework of entrustable professional activity indicators for non-anesthesiology residents during rotation in the Department of Anesthesiology. The framework provides a simple and practical competency evaluation method for standardized training, which can enhance training quality and effectiveness.

Objective:To investigate the effects of backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on PASS (P: planning; A: attention; S: simultaneous; S:successive) theory on cognitive function, balance function and self-efficacy in elderly patients with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Elderly patients with post-stroke MCI admitted to the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from December 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study objects by convenience sampling method. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number table. The patients in the control group implemented routine care and rehabilitation training, while the observation group were implemented backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on the PASS theory. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Brunel Balance, and the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) were used to evaluate the intervention effect before intervention, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of intervention, respectively.Results:A total of 116 elderly patients with post-stroke MCI were included, comprising 58 patients in the observation group (32 males and 26 females), aged (73.47 ± 7.10) years, and 58 patients in the control group (33 males and 25 females), aged (72.72 ± 8.37) years. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in the total scores of MoCA, SSEQ and Brunel Balance Scale between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total score of MoCA in the observation group were (20.10 ± 2.73), (22.98 ± 2.98) points, which were higher than those of the control group (18.24 ± 2.84), (20.47 ± 3.29) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.61, 4.32, both P<0.05). The total score of SSEQ in the observation group were (49.97 ± 7.73), (54.98 ± 7.88) points, which were higher than those in the control group (46.50 ± 8.69), (51.59 ± 6.10) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.27, 2.60, both P<0.05). At 4 weeks of intervention, the Brunel Balance Scale score in the observation group was 11(9, 11) points, which was higher than 10(8, 11) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.00, P<0.05). Conclusions:Backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on PASS theory can effectively improve cognitive and balance functions, and enhance self-efficacy in elderly patients with post-stroke MCI.

Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry,and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus.Methods By the convenience sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15,2024.The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines(version 2.0)and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus.Results A total of 7,844 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78％.The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score(64.72％)and the highest acceptability score(76.74％).The results showed that nurses' receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions(P＜0.05).4,774 participants(87.42％)believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses' restraint operations.The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51％,and the economic ratio was 76.87％.Among the evaluators,1,739(22.17％)believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus.Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good,and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus,develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions,and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus,so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Pingchuanning Formula(PCN)for inhibiting airway inflammation in rats with asthmatic cold syndrome.Methods A total of 105 SD rats were randomized equally into 7 groups,including a control group,an asthmatic cold syndrome model group,3 PCN treatment groups at high,medium and low doses,a Guilong Kechuanning(GLCKN)treatment group,and a dexamethasone(DEX)treatment group.In all but the control rats,asthma cold syndrome models were established and daily gavage of saline,PCN,GLCKN or DEX was administered 29 days after the start of modeling.The changes in general condition,lung function and lung histopathology of the rats were observed,and inflammatory factors in the alveolar lavage fluid(BALF),oxidative stress,lung tissue ultrastructure,cytokine levels,and expressions of the genes related to the HMGB1/Beclin-1 axis and autophagy were analyzed.Results The rat models had obvious manifestations of asthmatic cold syndrome with significantly decreased body mass,food intake,and water intake,reduced FEV0.3,FVC,and FEV0.3/FVC,obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue,and increased alveolar inflammation score and counts of neutrophils,eosinophils,lymphocytes,macrophages,and leukocytes in the BALF.The rat models also had significantly increased MDA level and decreased SOD level and exhibited obvious ultrastructural changes in the lung tissues,where the expressions of HMGB1,Beclin-1,ATG5,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,and IL-13 and the LC3II/I ratio were increased,while the levels of Bcl-2 and IFN-γ were decreased.PCN treatment significantly improved these pathological changes in the rat models,and its therapeutic effect was better than that of GLKCN and similar to that of DEX.Conclusion PCN can effectively alleviate airway inflammation in rat models of asthmatic cold syndrome possibly by modulating the HMGB1/Beclin-1 signaling axis to suppress cell autophagy,thereby attenuating airway inflammatory damages.

Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry,and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus.Methods By the convenience sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15,2024.The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines(version 2.0)and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus.Results A total of 7,844 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78％.The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score(64.72％)and the highest acceptability score(76.74％).The results showed that nurses' receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions(P＜0.05).4,774 participants(87.42％)believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses' restraint operations.The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51％,and the economic ratio was 76.87％.Among the evaluators,1,739(22.17％)believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus.Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good,and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus,develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions,and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus,so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

The epidemiological and spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of dengue fever in Fujian Province were ana-lyzed,to provide a scientific basis for dengue fever prevention and control.Descriptive epidemiology,spatial autocorrelation a-nalysis,and spatiotemporal scanning were used to analyze dengue fever cases in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2023.In this peri-od,a total of 3 586 cases of dengue fever were reported in Fujian Province,including 2 360 local cases,1 134 imported cases from abroad,and 92 imported cases from China.Cases were reported in ten prefectures and cities of the province,and 81 out of 88 counties reported cases.Imported cases were reported throughout the year in Fujian Province,but the occurrence of local ca-ses showed clear seasonality.Local cases and domestic imports were concentrated in August to October,whereas overseas im-ports occurred primarily from June to October.The imported cases were mainly from Southeast Asian countries,but a trend of spreading from Southeast Asian countries to South Asia,Africa,the Americas,and other regions,was observed.Spatio-tem-poral clustering of dengue fever was found in Fujian Province(Moran's I value 0.14-0.66,P＜0.05),and the high-high ag-gregation areas were distributed primarily in Fuzhou,Quanzhou,and Putian.Spatio-temporal scanning detected three aggrega-tion areas:one main and two secondary.The aggregation time was from the end of July to October,and the distribution was primarily in Fuzhou,Quanzhou,Putian,Zhangzhou,and Xiamen.The distribution of dengue fever in Fujian Province showed clear spatial and temporal clustering from the end of July to October,and the distribution was primarily in Fuzhou,Quanzhou,Putian,Zhangzhou,and Xiamen.For high concentration areas,national health campaigns,mosquito prevention and control,epidemic surveillance,medical personnel training,and other relevant measures could be carried out in advance before local cases appear every year.Reduce local transmission of dengue fever due to importation.

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Xintong granules and the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker method(QAMS)to determine the contents of 7 components,so as to provide a scientific basis for their quality control.METHODS HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints for 10 batches of Xintong granules(No.S1-S10),and similarity evaluation,cluster analysis(CA)and partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)were performed.At the same time,the contents of seven components,including puerarin,daidzin,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,stilbene glycoside,naringin,icariin and tanshinone ⅡA,were determined by QAMS method,and were compared with the results of external standard method.RESULTS A total of 18 common peaks were marked and 7 peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of Xintong granules,namely puerarin(peak 4),daidzin(peak 7),calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(peak 9),stilbene glycoside(peak 10),naringin(peak 12),icariin(peak 17),and tanshinone ⅡA(peak 18);the similarities among them were more than 0.990,and CA and PLS-DA results showed that S4-S5,S8-S10,S1-S3 and S6-S7 were clustered into three categories,respectively.Using naringin as the internal standard,the contents of puerarin,daidzin,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,stilbene glycoside,icariin and tanshinone ⅡA were determined to be 7.868 1-10.181 2,1.709 2-2.374 1,0.285 2-0.326 3,1.024 1-1.523 9,0.140 2-0.290 4,and 0.077 1-0.219 4 mg/g,respectively,by the QAMS.These results showed no significant differences compared to those obtained by the external standard method.CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprint and QAMS method are convenient,stable and accurate,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Xintong granules.

Prostate cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in men.With the aging of the population and the progress of diagnostic technology,its incidence continues to rise.Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer.However,the incidence of inguinal hernia after surgery is high,which seriously affects patients' postoperative recovery and quality of life.This article provides a systematic review for the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia after prostate cancer surgery,including changes in anatomical structure,scar formation in the retroperitoneal space,no closure of sheath process,and increased intra-abdominal pressure after surgery.It also summarizes the relevant influencing factors,such as surgical methods,patients' own conditions,and postoperative recovery status.On this basis,surgical prevention and treatment strategies are explored,such as intraoperative preventive repair,re-fined surgical procedures,and postoperative targeted treatment.At the same time,future research directions are proposed,focusing on the in-depth exploration of molecular biological mechanisms,research and development of new materials,and application of artificial intelligence technology,aiming to reduce the incidence of inguinal hernia after prostate cancer surgery and improving patients' postop-erative quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the effects of backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on PASS (P: planning; A: attention; S: simultaneous; S:successive) theory on cognitive function, balance function and self-efficacy in elderly patients with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Elderly patients with post-stroke MCI admitted to the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from December 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study objects by convenience sampling method. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number table. The patients in the control group implemented routine care and rehabilitation training, while the observation group were implemented backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on the PASS theory. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Brunel Balance, and the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) were used to evaluate the intervention effect before intervention, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of intervention, respectively.Results:A total of 116 elderly patients with post-stroke MCI were included, comprising 58 patients in the observation group (32 males and 26 females), aged (73.47 ± 7.10) years, and 58 patients in the control group (33 males and 25 females), aged (72.72 ± 8.37) years. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in the total scores of MoCA, SSEQ and Brunel Balance Scale between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total score of MoCA in the observation group were (20.10 ± 2.73), (22.98 ± 2.98) points, which were higher than those of the control group (18.24 ± 2.84), (20.47 ± 3.29) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.61, 4.32, both P<0.05). The total score of SSEQ in the observation group were (49.97 ± 7.73), (54.98 ± 7.88) points, which were higher than those in the control group (46.50 ± 8.69), (51.59 ± 6.10) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.27, 2.60, both P<0.05). At 4 weeks of intervention, the Brunel Balance Scale score in the observation group was 11(9, 11) points, which was higher than 10(8, 11) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.00, P<0.05). Conclusions:Backward walking observational training combined with Soundsory cognitive training based on PASS theory can effectively improve cognitive and balance functions, and enhance self-efficacy in elderly patients with post-stroke MCI.