Usnic acid,a secondary metabolite derived from lichens,has been extensively utilized in pharmaceuticals,dietary supplements,and various daily chemical products,including feed,dye,food,perfume and cosmetics,due to its notable pharmacological effects,including anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory properties.Recent studies have shown that usnic acid can inhibit the occurrence and progression of various tumors through inducing apoptosis and autophagy,arresting cell cycle progression,inhibiting cell migration and invasion,and regulating the expression of microRNAs(miRNAs).Furthermore,usnic acid can be combined with clinical anticancer drugs to achieve synergistic anti-cancer effects.Additionally,modified usnic acid analogues also exhibit significant anti-tumor activity.This article will focus on the current research status of usnic acid,examining its physical and chemical properties,the mechanisms underlying its anti-tumor effects,and the anti-tumor activity of its analogues.

"When warm evil is received,it first attacks the lungs and then spread to the pericardium reversely"is the general rule of warm diseases.Doctors of different dynasties have different views on the phrase"reverse spread to the pericardium",especially the word"reverse".Professor Tong Xiaolin proposed that the heart governs the mind,the pericardium and the heart are connected in qi,and when the heart is affected by evil,the pericardium instead suffers from the evil.The"reverse spread to the pericardium"proposed by Ye Tianshi is actually the spread of warm evil to the brain.Taking meningococcal meningitis as the basic disease,it can be matched one by one with the typical stages of the transmission of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue.Combined with the theory of Dingjiao,it is believed that the function of"the heart governing the mind"focuses more on the brain in the modern anatomical sense.Combining traditional Chinese medicine's ideas on diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases with modern medicine,revealing the essence of the disease,grasping the core of the pathogenesis,analyzing the word"reverse"from a new perspective,and exploring its true meaning,is of great significance for clarifying its connotation,exploring the development laws of warm diseases,and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of warm disea-ses.

Objective:To explore the effects of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)on neuropathic pain(NP)and memo-ry function in mice,as well as the activation of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus(PVT)of the thalamus,so as to provide a basis for studying the relationship between NP and memory impairment.Methods:Twenty one 8-week-old male C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group and experimental group,and the routine spared nerve inju-ry(SNI)was constructed in the mice of experimental group.The pain behavior and memory impairment of mice after SNI were evaluated with hot plate and eight-arm maze behavioral tests.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to an-alyze the correlation between pain behavior and memory impairment.The c-FOS expression in PVT was detected with immuno-staining.Results:Compared with the sham group,the heat pain threshold of mice in the experimental group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The results of the eight-arm maze test showed that the total rest time was signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.001),and the working memory error was increased from 1 to 4 days after SNI(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis indicated that early working memory errors were negatively correlated with heat pain threshold after SNI(P＜0.001).The immunofluorescence revealed that the number of c-FOS positive cells in PVT increased signifi-cantly(P＜0.001).Conclusion:SNI can cause abnormal pain behavior and memory impairment in mice,and cause neuronal activation in PVT.This study provides a basis for neurons in PVT to participate in the regulation of memory impairment in the context of NP.

Objective:To explore the effects of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)on neuropathic pain(NP)and memo-ry function in mice,as well as the activation of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus(PVT)of the thalamus,so as to provide a basis for studying the relationship between NP and memory impairment.Methods:Twenty one 8-week-old male C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group and experimental group,and the routine spared nerve inju-ry(SNI)was constructed in the mice of experimental group.The pain behavior and memory impairment of mice after SNI were evaluated with hot plate and eight-arm maze behavioral tests.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to an-alyze the correlation between pain behavior and memory impairment.The c-FOS expression in PVT was detected with immuno-staining.Results:Compared with the sham group,the heat pain threshold of mice in the experimental group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The results of the eight-arm maze test showed that the total rest time was signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.001),and the working memory error was increased from 1 to 4 days after SNI(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis indicated that early working memory errors were negatively correlated with heat pain threshold after SNI(P＜0.001).The immunofluorescence revealed that the number of c-FOS positive cells in PVT increased signifi-cantly(P＜0.001).Conclusion:SNI can cause abnormal pain behavior and memory impairment in mice,and cause neuronal activation in PVT.This study provides a basis for neurons in PVT to participate in the regulation of memory impairment in the context of NP.

Objective:To systematically analyze the incidence and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:Research on frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies was retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search period was from database establishment to August 23, 2024. Two researchers screened the included studies, conducted quality assessment, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18 and RevMan 5.4.Results:A total of seven studies were included, encompassing 19 076 elderly hematologic malignancy patients, with a frailty incidence of 59% [95% CI (0.48, 0.69) ]. Meta-analysis revealed that age [ MD=4.31, 95% CI (3.67, 4.96) ], gender [ OR=0.88, 95% CI (0.83, 0.93) ], alcohol consumption [ OR=1.67, 95% CI (1.15, 2.44) ], self-care ability [ MD=-1.79, 95% CI (-3.17, -0.41) ], anemia [ OR=6.67, 95% CI (2.94, 15.14) ], infection [ OR=1.81, 95% CI (1.16, 2.84) ], and neuropathy [ OR=2.52, 95% CI (1.38, 4.61) ] were the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Conclusions:The incidence of frailty is high in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Elderly patients with hematologic malignancies who are older, female, consume alcohol, have low self-care ability, anemia, infections, and neuropathy are prone to frailty. Healthcare providers can conduct early screening and intervention for high-risk populations of frailty based on risk factors to improve the quality of life for elderly hematologic malignancy patients.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is the main cause of diarrhea in piglets,which seriously threatens the development of animal husbandry.In order to effectively prevent and con-trol piglet diarrhea,the neutralizing epitopes of the screened K88(FTDYEGASVELRKPDGGT-NK),K99(NVGNGSGGANIN),987P(LAAPAENNTSQAN),F41(VMAADWTEGQPGDII)and F18(PPNAQTYPLSSGDLK)ETEC adhesins were assembled to construct the multi-epitope fusion antigen(MEFA),whose immunogenicity was verified by in silico simulations and in vitro.The computer simulation results showed that MEFA has excellent physicochemical properties and reasonable prediction results of secondary and tertiary structures and exhibits strong interaction force when docking with toll-like receptor 3,and the kinetic simulation shows that it can be stably presented.In vitro validation results showed that anti-K88,K99,987P,F18 and F41 IgY could spe-cifically recognize MEFA proteins.After immunization of laying hens with MEFA,the titers of IgY antibodies against the five ETEC were higher than those of non-specific IgY.In addition,specific anti-MEFA IgY significantly inhibited the adhesion of K88,K99,987P,F41 and F18 ETEC strains to piglet intestinal IPEC-J2 cell lines.These results indicate that MEFA has strong immunogenicity and can be used as an ideal vaccine candidate for the prevention of K88,K99,987P,F41 and F18 ETEC infection,and provide reference and technical support for the development of multivalent broad-spectrum ETEC vaccine candidates.

Objective:To systematically analyze the incidence and influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:Research on frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies was retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search period was from database establishment to August 23, 2024. Two researchers screened the included studies, conducted quality assessment, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18 and RevMan 5.4.Results:A total of seven studies were included, encompassing 19 076 elderly hematologic malignancy patients, with a frailty incidence of 59% [95% CI (0.48, 0.69) ]. Meta-analysis revealed that age [ MD=4.31, 95% CI (3.67, 4.96) ], gender [ OR=0.88, 95% CI (0.83, 0.93) ], alcohol consumption [ OR=1.67, 95% CI (1.15, 2.44) ], self-care ability [ MD=-1.79, 95% CI (-3.17, -0.41) ], anemia [ OR=6.67, 95% CI (2.94, 15.14) ], infection [ OR=1.81, 95% CI (1.16, 2.84) ], and neuropathy [ OR=2.52, 95% CI (1.38, 4.61) ] were the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Conclusions:The incidence of frailty is high in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies. Elderly patients with hematologic malignancies who are older, female, consume alcohol, have low self-care ability, anemia, infections, and neuropathy are prone to frailty. Healthcare providers can conduct early screening and intervention for high-risk populations of frailty based on risk factors to improve the quality of life for elderly hematologic malignancy patients.

Usnic acid,a secondary metabolite derived from lichens,has been extensively utilized in pharmaceuticals,dietary supplements,and various daily chemical products,including feed,dye,food,perfume and cosmetics,due to its notable pharmacological effects,including anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory properties.Recent studies have shown that usnic acid can inhibit the occurrence and progression of various tumors through inducing apoptosis and autophagy,arresting cell cycle progression,inhibiting cell migration and invasion,and regulating the expression of microRNAs(miRNAs).Furthermore,usnic acid can be combined with clinical anticancer drugs to achieve synergistic anti-cancer effects.Additionally,modified usnic acid analogues also exhibit significant anti-tumor activity.This article will focus on the current research status of usnic acid,examining its physical and chemical properties,the mechanisms underlying its anti-tumor effects,and the anti-tumor activity of its analogues.

"When warm evil is received,it first attacks the lungs and then spread to the pericardium reversely"is the general rule of warm diseases.Doctors of different dynasties have different views on the phrase"reverse spread to the pericardium",especially the word"reverse".Professor Tong Xiaolin proposed that the heart governs the mind,the pericardium and the heart are connected in qi,and when the heart is affected by evil,the pericardium instead suffers from the evil.The"reverse spread to the pericardium"proposed by Ye Tianshi is actually the spread of warm evil to the brain.Taking meningococcal meningitis as the basic disease,it can be matched one by one with the typical stages of the transmission of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue.Combined with the theory of Dingjiao,it is believed that the function of"the heart governing the mind"focuses more on the brain in the modern anatomical sense.Combining traditional Chinese medicine's ideas on diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases with modern medicine,revealing the essence of the disease,grasping the core of the pathogenesis,analyzing the word"reverse"from a new perspective,and exploring its true meaning,is of great significance for clarifying its connotation,exploring the development laws of warm diseases,and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of warm disea-ses.

Objective:To develop a nursing training program for malignant hyperthermia (MH) in perioperative patients based on the Instructional System Design model.Methods:Based on the Instructional System Design model, a preliminary draft of the nursing training program for MH was developed using literature review and semi-structured interviews in perioperative patients. Through expert consultations and the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the content and weight of each item of the nursing training program for MH in perioperative patients were determined.Results:The effective response rates for the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 84% and 97% respectively, with expert authority coefficients of 0.833 and 0.853 respectively, and Kendall′s harmony coefficients of 0.148 and 0.210 respectively ( P<0.01). The finalized nursing training program included 5 first-level items, 16 second-level items, and 61 third-level items. Conclusions:The construction process of the nursing training program for MH in perioperative patients is standardized and scientific, with detailed and practical content, which helps improve the level and quality of MH care.