Objective: To analyze the distribution and related factors of spherical equivalent(SE) anisometropia in school aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the intervention and control of SE anisometropia. Methods: In October 2021,a total of 1 852 school aged children in three counties/cities(Lijiang City,Dali City,Xishuangbanna) in Yunnan Province were examined by multi stage cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey.Demographic characteristics, ocular biological parameters and SE data were obtained for SE anisometropia. Group comparisons were conducted using Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anisometropia in SE. Results: The prevalence of SE anisometropia among school age children was 23.0%, and the prevalence was higher in girls (24.2%) than that in boys (21.6%). Compared with non anisometropic children, school aged children with SE anisometropia had longer axial length (AL) [24.03 (23.41, 24.76), 23.93 (23.26, 24.61) mm] and corneal curvature radius (CR) [43.42 (42.43, 44.42), 43.14 (42.23, 44.04)mm], SE[-1.75(-2.75,-1.00),-0.94(-2.63,-0.25)D], smaller spherical scope [-1.38(-2.38,-0.75),-0.75(-2.38,0)D], deeper anterior chamber depth(ACD)[3.77(3.62, 3.93), 3.72(3.55, 3.89)mm], and grater differences in AL[0.58(0.32,0.82), 0.13( 0.06 ,0.22)mm], ACD[0.05(0.02,0.08), 0.03(0.01,0.06)mm] and AL/CR[0.01(0.01,0.02), 0.01(0.00,0.01)]( Z =-22.47 to -2.41, all P <0.05). The results of Logistic regression showed that mild myopia( OR =2.74), moderate myopia( OR =3.52), and high myopia( OR =8.92) had a relatively high risk of anisometropia SE in school aged children(all P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SE anisometropia in school aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province is relatively high, and the prevalence and degree of anisometropia were closely related to myopia degree and related refractive parameters.

Objective To understand the refractive progression of myopic school-aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan and explore related factors.Methods Based on an existing cohort,a first follow-up survey was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 involving 1,774 students selected from three ethnic minority areas:Dali City(Bai ethnic group),Lijiang Ancient Town(Naxi ethnic group),and Menghai County in Xishuangbanna(Dai and Hani ethnic groups).Among them,816 myopic school-aged children at baseline were selected as research subjects to analyze changes in refractive error(△SE)and the degree of refractive progression(classified as rapid △SE and slow △SE)over one year.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of refractive progression.Results After one year of follow-up,the change in refractive error for myopic school-aged children was-0.63(-1.00,-0.25)D,with 518 children experiencing rapid △SE and 298 children experiencing slow △SE.Comparisons by educational stage indicated that Dai ethnic group children in primary school were more likely to experience rapid △SE than those in junior high school(P<0.05).Logistic regression results showed that school-age children of Naxi ethnic group(OR=1.879,95%CI:1.132～2.999),and those who used their eyes in the classroom during breaks(OR=1.541,95%CI:1.088～2.181)were at higher risk of rapid refractive progression(P<0.05).Children of school age who engage in outdoor activities for at least 3 hours during the day(OR=0.539,95%CI:0.340～0.853)and those who frequently consume animal liver(OR=0.596,95%CI:0.399～0.892)have a lower risk of rapid myopic progression(P<0.05).Conclusion Myopic school-aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan exhibit rapid refractive progression,with significant ethnic differen-ces.The refractive progression in these children is closely related to lifestyle habits,highlighting the need for targeted myopia prevention and control measures and research for children and adolescents in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan.

Objective:To study the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis and its macro influencing factors in China, so as to provide a reference for the relevant departments to formulate prevention and control policies.Methods:In virtue of the complexity of influencing factors, a new method combining principal component analysis (PCA) with geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was proposed to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of influencing factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Using the data of incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis and gross regional product (secondary indicators) of 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China from 2010 to 2019, a macro influencing factor indicator system was established by the PCA scores of 21 secondary indicators quantified to determine four primary indicators: comprehensive economy, medical security, cultural and educational transportation, and resources and environment. Based on the indicator system, PCA-ordinary least squares (PCA-OLS) model, PCA-geographically weighted regression (PCA-GWR) model, and PCA-GTWR model were constructed.Results:Three models passed F-test with F-values of 58.74, 196.62, and 1 202.90 respectively (all P < 0.05), indicating that the impact of the primary indicators on the incidence of tuberculosis is statistically significant. The mean squared error (0.01), the mean absolute error (0.08), the mean absolute percentage error (0.02), and the corrected Akaike information criterion (-358.76) of PCA-GTWR were lower than those of PCA-OLS (0.13, 0.28, 0.07, 258.38) and PCA-GWR (0.06, 0.15, 0.03, 23.41). Meanwhile, the determination coefficient (0.95) of PCA-GTWR was higher than that of PCA-OLS (0.44) and PCA-GWR (0.77), indicating the goodness of fit of the model is the best. And the PCA-GTWR model showed that the comprehensive economy, medical security, cultural and educational transportation, and resources and environment had significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis according to the distribution of regression coefficients. Conclusion:It is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors and formulate detailed and overall prevention and control measures for pulmonary tuberculosis according to local conditions.