Objective : To analyze the influencing factors associated with the coexistence of multidrug-resistantEscherichia coli(MDR-ECO) infection and active tuberculosis(ATB) in patients with lung infections. Methods: A total of 204 hospitalized patients with lung infections caused by MDR-ECO were enrolled. Among them, patients with coexisting ATB were identified and assigned to the observation group. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for the coexistence of MDR-ECO lung infection and ATB. Results : Factors such as patient age, neutrophil count, hemoglobin level, malignancy, rheumatoid arthritis, history of antibiotic exposure, and history of surgery within the past year were found to be influencing factors for the coexistence of MDR-ECO lung infection and ATB(allP<0.05). Specifically, advanced age(95%CI: 0.949-0.992,P=0.008), decreased neutrophils(95%CI: 0.750-0.922,P<0.001), and a history of antibiotic exposure(95%CI: 1.202-2.596,P=0.004) were identified as risk factors. Conclusion Some patients with MDR-ECO lung infections are prone to coexisting with ATB. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen ATB screening among high-risk patients, including those at peak ages for susceptibility, with low neutrophil counts, and with a history of antibiotic exposure.

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide.China is still one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis.The structural and functional damage to lung tissue caused by post-tuberculosis pulmonary disease(PTLD)imposes a considerable disease burden on people.How-ever,due to the insufficient understanding of post-tuberculosis lung diseases in the past,the long-term manage-ment of this disease has been lacking for the post-tuberculosis population.This article elaborates on the epidemiol-ogy and hazards,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods,treatment and preventive measures of common PTLD,with the aim of enhancing the awareness and attention of tuberculosis physicians to PTLD.It also summarizes the limitations in the etiological mechanism,diagnosis and treatment methods of PTLD,as well as the urgency of in-depth research.

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide.China is still one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis.The structural and functional damage to lung tissue caused by post-tuberculosis pulmonary disease(PTLD)imposes a considerable disease burden on people.How-ever,due to the insufficient understanding of post-tuberculosis lung diseases in the past,the long-term manage-ment of this disease has been lacking for the post-tuberculosis population.This article elaborates on the epidemiol-ogy and hazards,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic methods,treatment and preventive measures of common PTLD,with the aim of enhancing the awareness and attention of tuberculosis physicians to PTLD.It also summarizes the limitations in the etiological mechanism,diagnosis and treatment methods of PTLD,as well as the urgency of in-depth research.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of the regimen containing Bedaquiline in elderly patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.Methods:From March 2019 to June 2022, patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to Anhui Chest Hospital were randomly divided into two groups: the observation group was given a treatment containing Bedaquiline, and the control group was given a treatment without Bedaquiline.Patients were also divided into elderly patients(age ≥60 years old)and non-elderly patients(age <60 years old)according to age.Sputum culture conversion, lesion absorption and adverse reactions were compared between the observation group and the control group in general, elderly and non-elderly patients, respectively.Results:A total of 170 cases were collected, including 79 in the observation group and 91 in the control group.Sputum culture conversion: The sputum culture conversion rates of observation groups in general, non-elderly and elderly patients were better than that of control groups at the 3rd month after treatment(the general, 96.2% vs.75.8%, χ2=14.001, P<0.001; the non-elderly, 94.9% vs.82.1%, χ2=4.675, P=0.031; the elderly, 100.0% vs. 65.7%, χ2=8.771, P=0.003), and at the 6th month, the rates of overall observation group was better than that of control group(98.7% vs.92.3%, χ2=3.895, P=0.048); the rates of non-elderly and elderly observation group and control group were all greater than 90%, with no statistical significance( P>0.05). Lesion absorption: Overall and non-elderly observation groups were better than control group in lesion absorption at the 3rd month(the general, 84.8% vs.68.1%, χ2=12.962, P=0.002; the non-elderly, 88.1% vs.71.4%, χ2=9.832, P=0.007; and the 6th month(the general, 88.6% vs.76.9%, χ2=14.888, P=0.001; the non-elderly, 89.8% vs.82.1%, χ2=8.618, P=0.013). The focal absorptivity of senile observation group at the end of March and June were 75.0% and 85.0%, respectively, both better than control group, but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Adverse reactions: Overall and non-senile observation groups had longer QT interval than control groups( P<0.05), but no patients stopped bedaquiline because of this, and there was no significant difference in QT interval between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusions:In elderly patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, early sputum culture conversion turns fast after treatment with Bedaquiline, which has good therapeutic effect, good tolerance and controllable adverse reactions.

Objective:To analyze and compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Yes-associated protein (YAP)-positive and negative hepatocytes and further understand the preliminary functional characteristics of YAP-positive hepatocytes in an early mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with transcriptome sequence (RNA-Seq).Methods:C57BL/6 mice were fed with methionine-choline deficiency (MCD) diet for 2 weeks to establish an early NASH model, and the control group was fed with normal diet. Liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Sirius red, and the pathological score was recorded. The expression of YAP and P-YAP were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in liver tissues. Primary hepatocytes with viability greater than 90% were isolated and purified by collagenase perfusion combined with Percoll density gradient centrifugation. YAP-positive and negative hepatocytes were assessed by YAP antibody, flow cytometry and RNA-Seq analyses. Sequencing results were screened by GO, KEGG and interaction network analysis methods. RT-PCR was used to verify the expression levels of YAP and some DEGs in liver tissue model group. Two samples mean was compared by independent samples t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the HE-stained liver tissue of MCD-induced mice at 2 weeks showed steatosis (pathological score 1.07±0.21), accompanied by lobular inflammation (pathological score 1.13±0.32) and ballooned hepatocyte (pathological score 0.80) ±0.20). Sirius red staining showed non-significant liver fibrosis (pathological score 0.40±0.40). IHC showed partial YAP-positive hepatocytes expression in an early stage of NASH. RNA-Seq analysis showed that clean reads of YAP-positive and negative hepatocytes were 49 310 604 and 5 4820 036, respectively. Compared with YAP-negative hepatocytes, YAP-positive hepatocytes had differential expression of 5 565 genes, including 1 662 up-regulated genes and 3 903 down-regulated genes. GO analysis of up-regulated genes showed that the metabolic processes related to mitochondrial functions, such as purine nucleoside triphosphate and nucleoside triphosphate were significantly enriched in biological processes (BP), while down-regulated gene analysis showed that olfactory-related receptor were significantly enriched in BP. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in 292 pathways, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway was significantly enriched in signaling pathway. RT-PCR validated that inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), YAP and its target genes (Cyr61, Ankrd1), and Cox5b and Sdhc genes were significantly up-regulated in the OXPHOS pathway, which was consistent with the sequencing results. In addition, eight key genes with interaction network analysis were predicted.Conclusion:Changes in hepatocyte metabolic levels may be associated with increased YAP activity in an early stage of NASH.

Objective To evaluate imaging findings and treatment experience in central venous stenosis without a history of previous catheterization in hemodialysis patients. Methods Clinical data of 5 haemodialysis cases of central vein stenosis without a previous catheterization history in our hospital from July 2006 to July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Patients were three women and two men aged 43 to 65 years with mean age(53±8)years and all had arm swelling as the main complaint.The vascular accesses were located at the wrist in all the patients.The mean duration of the vascular accesses from the time of creation was(33.6±35.4)months.Venography showed occlusion in 2 cases and stenosis in 3 cages of central vein including 1 case of stenosis in brachiocephalic vein.1 case of stenosis beth in branchiocephalic vein and subclavian vein,1 case of stenosis in two segments of subclavian vein.The stenosis of branchiocephalic vein was fixed anterior to the tracheal and CT showed the compression of the vein by the aorta.Symptoms were resolved by the treatment of PTA.subclavian vein-contralateral subclavian vein bypass and ligation of the access. Conclusions Central venous stenosis in haemodialysis patients without a history of catheterization may be due to the intimal hyperplasia of the compression site or valve which is accelerated by the high flow of vascular access.Venography is the first choice for the diagnosis and the current management of central venous stenosis is far from being effective for the long term.