Objective: To analyze the association of participation in non-sports extracurricular tutoring classes with the prevalence of screening myopia, axial length (AL) and axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL/CR) among primary school students, so as to provide evidences for formulating myopia prevention and control policies. Methods: In December 2024, combination of convenience and cluster sampling method was used to select 2 273 students from two primary schools in Hefei City, Anhui Province. Ophthalmic examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain information on myopia, AL, AL/CR and participation in various types of extracurricular tutoring. A binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between non-sports tutoring and screening myopia, and multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations between non-sports tutoring and AL and AL/CR. Results: Among the surveyed students, the participation rate in non-sports extracurricular tutoring classes was 64.9% , and the overall prevalence of screening myopia was 39.1%. The average AL and AL/CR were (23.60± 1.01 ) mm and (3.00±0.12), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that students who attended non-sports, music, or academic tutoring classes for ≥2 h per week had higher risks of screening myopia and greater AL/CR values than non-participants (screening myopia: OR =1.38, 1.82, 1.55; AL/CR: β =0.01, 0.03, 0.03; all P <0.05). After adjusting for sex, grade, and participation in sports tutoring, multivariate analysis indicated that participation in non-sports and musical instrument tutoring classes for ≥2 h per week remained significantly associated with higher risks of screening myopia ( OR =1.26, 1.49, both P <0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that participation in musical instrument tutoring for ≥2 h per week was positively correlated with AL ( β=0.14, P < 0.05). Conclusions Participation in non-sports extracurricular tutoring is common among primary school students. Attending non-sports tutoring classes for ≥2 h per week increases the risk of screening myopia.

Abstract HPV vaccination is one of the most important measures to prevent cervical cancer. Chinese female college students are in the recommended age for HPV vaccination, but the vaccination rate is still at a low level, which directly affects the effect iveness of cervical cancer prevention and control. The research on HPV vaccination inclination, coverage status and its influencing factors of female college students in China showed that they are more likely to vaccinate, but there are multiple sources of bawiers, including HPV vaccine access, the long inclubation period, lack of awareness, lack of marent support, which greatly influenced HPV vaccine coverage among female college students, Therefore, the national government, regulatory departments, medical institutions, universities and other parties should jointly take corresponding measures to actively eliminate these adverse effects, in order to improve the vaccination coverage of HPV vaccine in female college students.

Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.
Humans ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism* ; Glioma/pathology* ; Neural Stem Cells/pathology* ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective To investigate the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia lamblia in dogs and cats from a pet hospital in Shanghai Municipality. Methods A total of 145 fresh fecal samples were collected from pet dogs and cats in a pet hospital in Shanghai Municipality during the period from November 2021 to June 2022, including 99 dog fecal samples and 46 cat fecal samples. The small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium and the triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) gene of G. lamblia were amplified using nested PCR assay, and the positive amplification products were sequenced from both directions. The sequence assembly was performed using the software Clustal X 2.1, and sequence alignment was conducted using BLAST. A phylogenetic tree was created with the Neighbor-Joining method using MEGA 11.0 to identify parasite species or genotype. Results The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia was 20.00% (29/145) in 145 pet dog and cat fecal samples, with the prevalence of 0.69% (1/145) and 19.31% (28/145) in Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia, respectively. G. lamblia was only detected in dog fecal samples, with prevalence of 18.18% (18/99), while the detection rates of Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia were 2.17% (1/46) and 21.74% (10/46) in cat fecal samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that one Cryptosporidium positive sample was characterized as C. felis, and 28 G. lamblia positive samples were all characterized as Giardia assemblage A, which showed 100% sequence homology with human isolates of Giardia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences obtained in this study belonged to the same branch with the reported Giardia assemblage A. Conclusions Cryptosporidium and G. lamblia infection was prevalent in pet dogs and cats from the study pet hospital in Shanghai Municipality, and there is a zoonotic risk for the species and genotype. Intensified surveillance of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection is recommended in pets and their owners, and improved management of pet keeping is required.

Objective To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) versus 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) for the treatment of post-acne erythema.Methods A randomized split-face clinical trial was conducted.A total of 20 patients with post-acne erythema were enrolled,and randomized to receive treatment with IPL on one half of the face and 595-nm PDL on the other facial side once every 4 weeks for 3 sessions.Digital photographs were taken using the VISIA,and erythema index was recorded before each treatment and one month after the last treatment.The severity of bilateral facial erythema was evaluated based on a 4-point grading scale before the first treatment and after the last treatment.Pain scores and adverse reactions were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after each treatment,and a patient satisfaction survey was conducted by questionnaire at the last follow-up.Results The mean erythema index on the IPL side before and after treatment was 472.25 ± 86.02 and 357.15 ±82.71 respectively,and that on the PDL side before and after treatment was 476.40 ± 74.25 and 360.05 ± 64.83 respectively.Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the erythema indices on both treated sides significantly decreased over time (F =197.666,P ＜ 0.001),and the efficacy of IPL was better than that of PDL (F =1 173.909,P ＜ 0.001).Erythema severity grades on the IPL side as well as on the PDL side significantly differed between before and after treatment (Z =28.735,31.450,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).As VAS showed,the pain score on the PDL side was significantly lower than that on the IPL side (t =2.468,P ＜ 0.05).Among the 20 patients,17 and 15 assessed their improvement as good or excellent after PDL and IPL treatment respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z =2.696,P ＞ 0.05).The adverse reactions included erythema,burning sensation,tense sensation,blistering and hyperpigmentation on IPL-treated side,and erythema and purpuric reactions on the PDL-treated side,which all disappeared in a few hours to several days.Conclusions Both IPL and 595-nm PDL are effective and safe for the treatment of post-acne erythema,and are worthy of clinical promotion and application.IPL shows superiority in the efficacy,but elicits higher pain sensation compared with PDL.

Objective To investigate the effects of risperidone and its active metabolite, paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone), on hyperactivity and deficient sensorimotor gating induced by MK-801 in rats. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=96) were used in this study. The effects of risperidone (0.1 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/kg) on MK-801-induced (0.40 mg/kg) hyperactivity were examined in 48 rats with with 8 animals per group.The effects of risperidone(0.5 mg/kg)and paliperidone(0.10,0.50,1.00 mg/kg)on MK-801-induced (0.25 mg/kg) deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) were examined in 48 rats with 8~10 animals per group. Results Risperidone (0.10 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.05 mg/kg) diminished the MK-801-induced hyperactivity (P<0.05). But paliperidone (0.10, 0.20 mg/kg) group did not affect locomotor activity compared to the control group. Risperidone (0.10 mg/kg) and different doses of paliperidone (0.10, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg) enhanced the PPI baseline in rats. However, only risperidone (0.10 mg/kg), but not paliperidone restored the MK-801-induced deficits in PPI. Conclusion Risperidone and paliperidone have different pharmacological actions on MK-801-induced hyperactivity and deficits in prepulse inhibition in rats, suggesting that pharmacological actions of paliperidone are different from those of risperidone, although paliperidone is the active metabolite of risperidone.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) in HPV16-positive squamous carcinoma of the cervix in the Uygur of southern Xinjiang and to predict the target genes of the miRNAs.
 METHODS: Samples of HPV16-positive squamous carcinoma of the cervix from 5 Uygurs were collected for miRNA microarray assay. The differentially expressed miRNAs were selected for further verification by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The software, including targetscan, miRwalk, miRanda and pictar, were used to predict the target genes of the verified miRNAs.
 RESULTS: Eighteen differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by miRNA microarray assay. The significantly differentially expressed miRNA-138 and miRNA-720 were verified by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. According to the prediction, the target genes for miRNA-138 were EZH2, LYPLA1, ARHGEF3, CLNS1A, EIF4EBP1, GNAI2, LIMK1, RHOC, ROCK2, SLC20A1, TERT, and H2AFX, while for miRNA-720 were EZH2, AGAP2, SPOCK2, FGF14, HNRNPA2B1, QKI, FOXG1, ACVR1B, DNMT3A, EPHB2, LATS2, KRAS, CCND2, NBN, ENAM, AMELX, PRNP, and CALB1.
 CONCLUSION miR-138 and miR-720 are the down-regulated target miRNAs in HPV16-positive squamous carcinoma of the cervix in the Uygur of southern Xinjiang. The common target gene for miR-138 and miR-720 is EZH2, which might be related to cervical squamous carcinoma invasion and metastasis.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; virology ; China ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; virology

Background and purpose:Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer in Xinjiang, especially for Uygur from southern Xinjiang and its pathogenesis is not clear. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding RNA playing an important regulatory role. Its expression and dysfunction is closely related to the development of tumors. In this study, we screen and preliminary analyse expression of miRNA in cervical squamous cell carcinoma samples with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 positive of Uygur patients. The target genes of miRNA were predicted.Methods:miRNAs were pre-screened by using miRNA microarray technology in 5 cases of HPV16 positivity Uygur patients from southern Xinjiang with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Fifteen cases specimens were examined by qRT-PCR for preliminary veriifcation, and 83 cases of cervical cancer were detected and analysed the expression of miRNA; Targeted genes were predicted by using four softwares of target scan, miRwalk, miRanda and Pictar.Results:Eighteen differentially expressed miRNAs were selected by SAM software in 5 cases of HPV16 positivity southern Xinjiang Uygur cases with cervical squamous cell carcinoma.miRNA-138 and miRNA-720 were found expressed signiifcantly different by initial veriifcation. Contrasted with 40 normal cases, miR-138 and miR-720 were down-regulated in 83 Uygur patients from southern Xinjiang with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05),and correlated with lymph node matastasis and vascular invasion (P<0.05), no correlation with age and the range of cervical wall involvement and HPV16 (P>0.05). miRNA-720 was correlated with clinical stage and tumor size (P<0.05); And the commonly targeted gene between miRNA-138 and miRNA-720 was EZH2.Conclusion:miRNA-138 and miRNA-720 were downregulated in Uygur patients from southern Xinjiang with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and the common target gene was EZH2.The expression of miR-720 and miR-138 were correlated with relevant risk factors of invasion and metastasis.

We studied medium alkalinization in Salvia miltiorrhiza suspension cultures treated with salicylic acid and the effect of Ca2+ in this process through application of calcium channel antagonists (Verapamil, LaCl3, LiCl, 2-APB) and ionophore A23187. The results show that salicylic acid could induce significant medium alkalinization in S. miltiorrhiza culture. Verapamil and LaCl3 or LiCl and 2-APB, two different groups of calcium channel antagonist, significantly inhibited the medium alkalinization induced by salicylic acid. However, the suppression effect of verapamil or LaCl3 on medium alkalinization induced by salicylic acid was higher than that of LiCl or 2-APB. When two types of calcium channel inhibitor (LaCl3 and 2-APB) were used together, the medium alkalinization induced by salicylic acid was completely suppressed and even reduced the pH in medium. On the other hand, A23187 could promote the medium alkalinization. Based on the results above, we speculated that salicylic acid could induce significant medium alkalinization in S. miltiorrhiza culture, depending on the calcium from both extracell and intracell. Moreover, calcium from extracell plays a more dominant role in this process. Reveal of relationship in this research between Ca2+ and medium alkalinization can provide theory evidence for mechanism of the plant secondary metabolism.
Calcimycin ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; chemistry ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Calcium Ionophores ; pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Salicylic Acid ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; metabolism ; Verapamil ; pharmacology