Objective To explore the effect of the teaching model based on"Academic-Industrial-Education Integration"in the clinical probation and practice teaching of rehabilitation.Methods 57 rehabilitation students were divided into control group(n=28)and experimental group(n=29)according to their volunteers.The control group took the traditional teaching method,and the experimental group took the teaching method of"Academic-Industrial-Education Integration".The two groups of students were compared in the assessment results of scientific research related courses,the participation rate of students in scien-tific research and innovation related projects,the satisfaction results of teaching effect,learning effect,self-theoretical ability and self-practical ability.The data of teachers' teaching results were collected.Results The scores of students in the experimental group were better than those in the control group in terms of scientific research-related courses and participation rate of scientific research,innovation and entrepreneurship projects(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the satisfaction of teaching effect and theoretical ability improvement.Students' self-learning effect satisfaction and practical ability improvement satisfaction in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The teaching achievements of teachers are in-creased,and the teaching level is promoted.Conclusion The application of"Academic-Industrial-Education Integration"teaching mode in clinical teaching of rehabilitation is helpful to improve students' participation rate in scientific research courses and innova-tive projects,improve the satisfaction of learning effect and practical ability,and promote the improvement of teaching level.

Objective:To summarized the clinical characteristics of intracranial germ cell tumors（iGCTs）in children, with the ultimate goal of facilitating early tumor identification and guiding the prompt selection of appropriate treatment strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients with primary iGCTs admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between March 2021 and June 2022. Patient age, gender, clinical manifestations, tumor marker levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, imaging features, and histopathological examination results were meticulously collected and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 126 pediatric patients with iGCTs were included in the study, of which 86 cases (68.3%) were male,and 40 cases (31.7%) were female.The average age was (10.0 ± 3.5) years old. The mean age of onset was found between 6~14 years old(80.1%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1.The tumors were predominantly located in the sellar region (30.2%), basal ganglia (23.8%), and pineal region (19.8%). Notably, there were distinct differences in tumor location across different age groups: pineal region tumors were most prevalent in preschool children (71.4%), basal ganglia tumors were more common in school-age children (41.9%), and sellar region involvement was highest among adolescent patients(44.8%). Based on molecular marker analysis and biopsy diagnosis, 79 cases were classified as germinoma, 3 as teratoma, 2 as yolk sac tumor, 1 as choriocarcinoma, and 41 as mixed germinoma.All children underwent head CT and MRI examinations. Among them, 99 cases showed high-density lesions on CT,while 27 cases showed mixed density,including 39 cases of calcification and 35 cases of hydrocephalus.MRI revealed atrophy of the cerebral peduncle, caudate nucleus head, or cerebral cortex in 38 cases, involvement of the basal ganglia in 33 cases, and midbrain involvement in 5 cases.Blood β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were examined in all patients, while CSF tumor marker levels were analyzed in 103 cases. There were 76 cases with elevated β-HCG in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, and 24 cases with elevated AFP in blood and/or CSF.Additionally, all 86 male patients underwent genital ultrasound, revealed testicular microlithiasis in 12 cases and testicular cysts in 6 cases.Conclusion:The clinical presentation of iGCTs in pediatric patients exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of epidemiology, classification, tumor location, and molecular markers. Notably, CSF β-HCG and AFP levels are equally crucial diagnostic indicators alongside blood tumor markers.Histological examination should be performed as early as possible in clinically suspected cases with negative tumor markers. Clinicians should remain vigilant for early imaging negative potential cases. In addition, male children with testicular microlithiasis or cysts should be closely followed up.

Objective To explore the effect of the teaching model based on"Academic-Industrial-Education Integration"in the clinical probation and practice teaching of rehabilitation.Methods 57 rehabilitation students were divided into control group(n=28)and experimental group(n=29)according to their volunteers.The control group took the traditional teaching method,and the experimental group took the teaching method of"Academic-Industrial-Education Integration".The two groups of students were compared in the assessment results of scientific research related courses,the participation rate of students in scien-tific research and innovation related projects,the satisfaction results of teaching effect,learning effect,self-theoretical ability and self-practical ability.The data of teachers' teaching results were collected.Results The scores of students in the experimental group were better than those in the control group in terms of scientific research-related courses and participation rate of scientific research,innovation and entrepreneurship projects(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the satisfaction of teaching effect and theoretical ability improvement.Students' self-learning effect satisfaction and practical ability improvement satisfaction in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The teaching achievements of teachers are in-creased,and the teaching level is promoted.Conclusion The application of"Academic-Industrial-Education Integration"teaching mode in clinical teaching of rehabilitation is helpful to improve students' participation rate in scientific research courses and innova-tive projects,improve the satisfaction of learning effect and practical ability,and promote the improvement of teaching level.

Objective:To summarized the clinical characteristics of intracranial germ cell tumors（iGCTs）in children, with the ultimate goal of facilitating early tumor identification and guiding the prompt selection of appropriate treatment strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients with primary iGCTs admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between March 2021 and June 2022. Patient age, gender, clinical manifestations, tumor marker levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, imaging features, and histopathological examination results were meticulously collected and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 126 pediatric patients with iGCTs were included in the study, of which 86 cases (68.3%) were male,and 40 cases (31.7%) were female.The average age was (10.0 ± 3.5) years old. The mean age of onset was found between 6~14 years old(80.1%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1.The tumors were predominantly located in the sellar region (30.2%), basal ganglia (23.8%), and pineal region (19.8%). Notably, there were distinct differences in tumor location across different age groups: pineal region tumors were most prevalent in preschool children (71.4%), basal ganglia tumors were more common in school-age children (41.9%), and sellar region involvement was highest among adolescent patients(44.8%). Based on molecular marker analysis and biopsy diagnosis, 79 cases were classified as germinoma, 3 as teratoma, 2 as yolk sac tumor, 1 as choriocarcinoma, and 41 as mixed germinoma.All children underwent head CT and MRI examinations. Among them, 99 cases showed high-density lesions on CT,while 27 cases showed mixed density,including 39 cases of calcification and 35 cases of hydrocephalus.MRI revealed atrophy of the cerebral peduncle, caudate nucleus head, or cerebral cortex in 38 cases, involvement of the basal ganglia in 33 cases, and midbrain involvement in 5 cases.Blood β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were examined in all patients, while CSF tumor marker levels were analyzed in 103 cases. There were 76 cases with elevated β-HCG in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, and 24 cases with elevated AFP in blood and/or CSF.Additionally, all 86 male patients underwent genital ultrasound, revealed testicular microlithiasis in 12 cases and testicular cysts in 6 cases.Conclusion:The clinical presentation of iGCTs in pediatric patients exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of epidemiology, classification, tumor location, and molecular markers. Notably, CSF β-HCG and AFP levels are equally crucial diagnostic indicators alongside blood tumor markers.Histological examination should be performed as early as possible in clinically suspected cases with negative tumor markers. Clinicians should remain vigilant for early imaging negative potential cases. In addition, male children with testicular microlithiasis or cysts should be closely followed up.

The development, progression, and curative efficacy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are influenced by complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells. Nevertheless, the specific changes in the nature of these interactions and their underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC are not yet fully understood. Cuproptosis, a form of programmed cell death that is dependent on copper, has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. However, the understanding of cuproptosis in the context of HNSCC remains limited. In this study, we have discovered that cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (CRLs) known as JPX play a role in promoting the expression of the oncogene urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) by competitively binding to miR-193b-3p in HNSCC. The increased activity of the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis in malignant epithelial cells leads to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HNSCC. Moreover, the overexpression of PLAU in tumor epithelial cells facilitates its interaction with the receptor PLAUR, predominantly expressed on macrophages, thereby influencing the abnormal epithelial-immune interactome in HNSCC. Notably, the JPX inhibitor Axitinib and the PLAU inhibitor Palbociclib may not only exert their effects on the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis that impacts the malignant tumor behaviors and the epithelial-immune cell interactions but also exhibit synergistic effects in terms of suppressing tumor cell growth and arresting cell cycle by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6) for the treatment of HNSCC.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics* ; Cell Movement ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

The development,progression,and curative efficacy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)are influenced by complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells.Nevertheless,the specific changes in the nature of these interactions and their underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC are not yet fully understood.Cuproptosis,a form of programmed cell death that is dependent on copper,has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis.However,the understanding of cuproptosis in the context of HNSCC remains limited.In this study,we have discovered that cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs(CRLs)known as JPX play a role in promoting the expression of the oncogene urokinase-type plasminogen activator(PLAU)by competitively binding to miR-193b-3p in HNSCC.The increased activity of the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis in malignant epithelial cells leads to enhanced cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in HNSCC.Moreover,the overexpression of PLAU in tumor epithelial cells facilitates its interaction with the receptor PLAUR,predominantly expressed on macrophages,thereby influencing the abnormal epithelial-immune interactome in HNSCC.Notably,the JPX inhibitor Axitinib and the PLAU inhibitor Palbociclib may not only exert their effects on the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis that impacts the malignant tumor behaviors and the epithelial-immune cell interactions but also exhibit synergistic effects in terms of suppressing tumor cell growth and arresting cell cycle by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK4/6)for the treatment of HNSCC.

Objective:To investigate the role of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in lung injury caused by seawater drowning in mice.Methods:A total of 48 6-8 weeks old male wild-type C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups for experiment: (1) control group, day 1 group after drowning(Day1), day 3 group after drowning(Day3) and day 7 group after drowning(Day7) to determine the time point of seawater drowning; (2) control group, seawater drowning model group(SW), dimethyl fumarate treatment group(DMF) and seawater drowning+ DMF reatment group(SW+ DMF) to determine the role of Nrf2 in lung injury in mice caused by drowning, 6 mice per group. And 12 male C57 background Nrf2 knockout mice (Nrf2 KO) at 6-8 weeks old were divided into Nrf2 KO control group and Nrf2 KO+ seawater drowning group; 6 mice in each group. Three days after the drowning model was established, we observed the gross morphology and the pathological changes of the lung tissue, calculated the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lungs, and tested the reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels.Results:Seawater drowning caused alveolar space rupture, pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema in mice. Compared with the wild-type mice, knockout of Nrf2 aggravated lung injury and oxidative stress in mice caused by seawater drowning. Nrf2 agonist DMF treatment significantly improved lung injury in mice, increased the reduced glutathione content, and decreased malondialdehyde level.Conclusion:The activation of Nrf2 can relieve lung injury and oxidative stress levels in mice caused by seawater drowning, which can play an important role in reducing lung damage caused by seawater drowning.

Objective:To investigate the role of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in lung injury caused by seawater drowning in mice.Methods:A total of 48 6-8 weeks old male wild-type C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups for experiment: (1) control group, day 1 group after drowning(Day1), day 3 group after drowning(Day3) and day 7 group after drowning(Day7) to determine the time point of seawater drowning; (2) control group, seawater drowning model group(SW), dimethyl fumarate treatment group(DMF) and seawater drowning+ DMF reatment group(SW+ DMF) to determine the role of Nrf2 in lung injury in mice caused by drowning, 6 mice per group. And 12 male C57 background Nrf2 knockout mice (Nrf2 KO) at 6-8 weeks old were divided into Nrf2 KO control group and Nrf2 KO+ seawater drowning group; 6 mice in each group. Three days after the drowning model was established, we observed the gross morphology and the pathological changes of the lung tissue, calculated the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lungs, and tested the reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels.Results:Seawater drowning caused alveolar space rupture, pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema in mice. Compared with the wild-type mice, knockout of Nrf2 aggravated lung injury and oxidative stress in mice caused by seawater drowning. Nrf2 agonist DMF treatment significantly improved lung injury in mice, increased the reduced glutathione content, and decreased malondialdehyde level.Conclusion:The activation of Nrf2 can relieve lung injury and oxidative stress levels in mice caused by seawater drowning, which can play an important role in reducing lung damage caused by seawater drowning.

Objective To explore the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on lung injury induced by seawater drowning in mice,so as to provide a new strategy for the treatment of lung injury induced by seawater drowning.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group (n =8),the zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) treatment group(n =8),the seawater drowning group (3-d,7-d and 15-d treatment) (n =24) and the seawater drowning + ZnPP treatment group (n =8).The mice were immersed in the artificial seawater with a water depth of 6 cm and water temperature of (25 ± 2) ℃ for 28 seconds.Then,the moment after the mice were taken out from the water,in-time cardio-pulmonary resuscitation was perfromed and a mouse seawater drowning model was thus established.Gross morphology of the lung tissue was observed,and lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected accordingly.At the same time,changes in the histopathology of the pulmonary tissue,pulmonary fibrosis,apoptosis and proliferation of lung epithelial cells were also observed.HO-1 protein expression and activity in the lung tissue were measured as well.Results Three and 7 days after seawater drowning,there was pulmonary hemorrhage in the lung tissue.The lung wet/dry ratio and serum LDH level significantly increased,as compared with those of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the SOD level significantly decreased,as compared with that of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,alveolar cavity was damaged,alveolar wall thickened,red blood cells and inflammatory cells were infiltrated.HO-1 protein expression level and activity in the lung tissue significantly increased as compared with those of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of HO-1 protein in the normal control group,the 3-d and 7-d seawater drowning groups were respectively (0.313 ± 0.027),(0.604 ± 0.092) and (0.945 ± 0.252),and HO-1 activity in these groups were respectively (75.0 ± 45.6),(220.0 ± 109.5) and (350.0 ± 218.9).Fifteen days after seawater drowning,the above pathological changes in the groups significantly alleviated,and no significant differences could be noted,as compared with those of the normal control group (P ＞0.05).The HO-1 protein expression in the lung tissue was (1.367 ±0.284),which was significantly higher as compared with that of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),while HO-1 activity was (125.0 ±50.0),and there were no significant differences,as compared with that of the normal control group (P ＞0.05).Seven days after seawater drowning,the expression of HO-1 protein in the lung tissue for the ZnPP treatment group was (1.192 ± 0.341),which displayed no significant differences from that of the seawater drowning group (1.070 ± 0.119) (P ＞ 0.05),while HO-1 activity was (40.0 ± 22.4),which was significantly lower than that of the seawater drowning group (135.0 ± 51.8) (P ＜ 0.05).As compared with the seawater drowning group,pathological changes in the ZnPP treatment group all obviously worsened 7 days after seawater drowning (P ＞ 0.05),the pulmonary fibrosis and lung epithelial cell apoptosis increased (P ＜ 0.05),and lung epithelial cell proliferation decreased.Conclusion HO-1 could alleviate lung injury induced by seawater drowning through the access of enzyme activity,and it might play an important role in the the course of lung self-repair.

Objective To explore the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on lung injury induced by seawater drowning in mice,so as to provide a new strategy for the treatment of lung injury induced by seawater drowning.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group (n =8),the zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) treatment group(n =8),the seawater drowning group (3-d,7-d and 15-d treatment) (n =24) and the seawater drowning + ZnPP treatment group (n =8).The mice were immersed in the artificial seawater with a water depth of 6 cm and water temperature of (25 ± 2) ℃ for 28 seconds.Then,the moment after the mice were taken out from the water,in-time cardio-pulmonary resuscitation was perfromed and a mouse seawater drowning model was thus established.Gross morphology of the lung tissue was observed,and lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected accordingly.At the same time,changes in the histopathology of the pulmonary tissue,pulmonary fibrosis,apoptosis and proliferation of lung epithelial cells were also observed.HO-1 protein expression and activity in the lung tissue were measured as well.Results Three and 7 days after seawater drowning,there was pulmonary hemorrhage in the lung tissue.The lung wet/dry ratio and serum LDH level significantly increased,as compared with those of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the SOD level significantly decreased,as compared with that of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,alveolar cavity was damaged,alveolar wall thickened,red blood cells and inflammatory cells were infiltrated.HO-1 protein expression level and activity in the lung tissue significantly increased as compared with those of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of HO-1 protein in the normal control group,the 3-d and 7-d seawater drowning groups were respectively (0.313 ± 0.027),(0.604 ± 0.092) and (0.945 ± 0.252),and HO-1 activity in these groups were respectively (75.0 ± 45.6),(220.0 ± 109.5) and (350.0 ± 218.9).Fifteen days after seawater drowning,the above pathological changes in the groups significantly alleviated,and no significant differences could be noted,as compared with those of the normal control group (P ＞0.05).The HO-1 protein expression in the lung tissue was (1.367 ±0.284),which was significantly higher as compared with that of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),while HO-1 activity was (125.0 ±50.0),and there were no significant differences,as compared with that of the normal control group (P ＞0.05).Seven days after seawater drowning,the expression of HO-1 protein in the lung tissue for the ZnPP treatment group was (1.192 ± 0.341),which displayed no significant differences from that of the seawater drowning group (1.070 ± 0.119) (P ＞ 0.05),while HO-1 activity was (40.0 ± 22.4),which was significantly lower than that of the seawater drowning group (135.0 ± 51.8) (P ＜ 0.05).As compared with the seawater drowning group,pathological changes in the ZnPP treatment group all obviously worsened 7 days after seawater drowning (P ＞ 0.05),the pulmonary fibrosis and lung epithelial cell apoptosis increased (P ＜ 0.05),and lung epithelial cell proliferation decreased.Conclusion HO-1 could alleviate lung injury induced by seawater drowning through the access of enzyme activity,and it might play an important role in the the course of lung self-repair.