AIM:To evaluate the optimal timing of preoperative intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)using intraoperative fluorescein angiography(IOFA).METHODS:A retrospective case series study was conducted on patients who underwent vitrectomy for PDR with vitreous hemorrhage(VH)at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2023 to February 2025. Patients were divided into three groups according to the interval between intravitreal conbercept injection and surgery: Group A(3 d before surgery), Group B(7 d before surgery), and Group C(14 d before surgery). IOFA was used to assess the number and size of retinal neovascularization(NV). Additional data were collected including preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), vitreous hemorrhage grading, operative time, frequency of intraoperative endodiathermy, duration of high perfusion pressure, vitreoretinal adhesion grade, postoperative BCVA, and central macular thickness(CMT). Multidimensional analyses were performed.RESULTS:This study enrolled a total of 91 patients(94 eyes)with PDR accompanied by vitreous hemorrhage. Among them, Group A consisted of 31 patients(31 eyes; 18 males, 13 females; mean age 53.26±12.38 y), Group B consisted of 34 patients(37 eyes; 21 males, 13 females; mean age 51.61±14.16 y), and Group C consisted of 26 patients(26 eyes; 18 males, 8 females; mean age 51.00±12.02 y), with baseline characteristics comparable among the three groups(all P>0.05). Comparative analysis of NV visualized via IOFA revealed that both the number and size of NVs were significantly lower in Groups B and C than in Group A(all P<0.0167), while no statistically significant differences were observed between Groups B and C(both P>0.05). No significant differences were found among the three groups regarding other intraoperative parameters, including operation time, frequency of electrocoagulation application, duration of high perfusion pressure, or grading of vitreoretinal adhesion(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:IOFA confirms that preoperative anti-VEGF therapy administered 7 or 14 d before surgery is more effective than a 3 d interval in suppressing retinal NV activity in PDR patients.

This article presented the diagnosis and treatment of three patients from the first imported familial clustering of clonorchiasis in Shanghai Municipality, and evaluated the value of different stool examination methods in non-endemic areas of clonorchiasis. In February 2026, the first case of clonorchiasis in this family was confirmed, and subsequent epidemiological surveys revealed that four family members all had a history of traveling to Guangdong Province and consuming raw freshwater fish. Stool samples were collected from all four individuals and detected for Clonorchis sinensis eggs using both machine smear method and the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. C. sinensis infection was detected among three individuals using the Kato-Katz method, with severe [20 448 eggs per gram (EPG)], moderate (2 376 EPG), and mild infections (960 EPG) identified, respectively, and no C. sinensis eggs were identified in the remaining one stool sample. In contrast, only one infection was detected with the machine smear method, resulting in a underdiagnosis rate of 66.67% (2/3). All three confirmed cases were cured following standardized therapy. This article indicates that imported familial clustering clonorchiasis cases are highly occult in non-endemic areas, and the machine smear method has a high risk of underdiagnosis during initial screening. A two-tier diagnostic model combining “machine smear method for initial screening + Kato-Katz method for confirmation” is recommended.

Objective To investigate the association between plasma homocysteine(Hcy)level and coronary artery calcification(CAC)and its clinical predictive efficacy.Methods A total of 172 patients who underwent coronary CT angiography North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from April 2019 to May 2021 and CAC score(CACS)＞0 were enrolled.According to the CACS value,the subjects were divided into mild calcification group(n=136)and severe calcification group(n=36),and the clinical characteristics of two groups were compared and analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the independent influencing factors of CAC severity,and a prediction model was constructed based on the Hcy detection value.The clinical diagnostic value was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results There were significant differences in Hcy,white blood cell count,triglyceride and magnesium ion levels between two groups(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Hcy,white blood cell count and magnesium ion level were independent risk factors for the progression of CAC.Furthermore,a regression model based on Hcy was constructed and ROC curve was fitted to evaluate its predictive efficacy.The results suggested that the predictive model had the best performance when the critical value of Hcy was set at 27.4μmol/L:the sensitivity was 55.6％,the specificity was 97.1％,and the area under the curve was 0.765.Conclusion Hcy serves as an independent risk factor for the severity of CAC and can effectively predict the progression of CAC with high accuracy.

Objective To investigate whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)can improve the muscle strength,endurance and work efficiency of calf muscles in healthy young men,aiming to explore a new method for preventing and combating microgravity-induced muscle atrophy in space environments.Methods 40 healthy young men aged 18-35 years were randomly divided into a Control group(Pseudo Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation)and a Experimental group(Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation)in a 1∶1 ratio,with 20 participants in each group.In the Control group,the indicator light of the stimulator was covered,and the device was turned on,but the electrodes did not contact the skin,The device automatically turned offafter 3 seconds.In the Experimental group,the TEAS device was connected to the current and TEAS intervention was performed.The electrical stimulation waveform was a sperse-dense wave with a frequency of 4/20 Hz,and the intensity was determined by patient tolerance.The acupoints selected for electrical stimulation in both groups were bilateral Zusanli(ST36)、Liangqiu(ST34),Taixi(KI3),and Fuliu(KI7).Zusanli and Liangqiu were paired,and Taixi and Fuliu were paired.The intervention frequency was 30 min/time,1 time/day,6 days/week,for 2 weeks.The relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s,and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral calf muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 0th,7th,and 14d day of the experiment.Results After 1 week of TEAS,compared with Control group,there were no significant changes in the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral anterior calf muscles in the Experimental group(all P>0.05);however,compared with Control group,the relative peak torque at 60°/s and the relative peak torque at 180°/s of the bilateral posterior calf muscles in the Experimental group were significantly increased(all P<0.05).After 2 weeks TEAS;compared with the Control group,there were no significant changes in the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral anterior calf muscles in the Experimental group(all P>0.05);however,the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s,and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral posterior calf muscles were significantly increased in the Experimental group(all P<0.05).Conclusion TEAS of Zusanli,Liangqiu,Fuliu and Taixi acupoints on the lower limbs for 2 weeks can effectively improve the maximum muscle strength,endurance and work efficiency of the posterior calf muscles in healthy young men.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of cefoperazone-sulbactam(CS)combined with ulinastatin in the treatment for stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP)after endovascular treatment of acute large vessel occlusive stroke(AIS-LVO).Methods This study retrospectively included patients who developed SAP after endovascular treatment of AIS-LVO admitted to the intensive care unit of the Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March 2022 to December 2023.Patients were randomly divided into the ulinastatin group(combined application of ulinastatin and CS)and the control group(sole application of CS)using a random number table.Baseline and clinical data,including sex,age,infarct laterality,culprit vessel,trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification,baseline National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,baseline Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score,medical history(hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,past history of stroke),history of smoking and alcohol consumption,admission baseline blood pressure,laboratory test results at admission(including red blood cell count,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,platelet count,random blood glucose levels,albumin,creatinine,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,uric acid,and D-dimer),and endovascular therapies(including mechanical retrieval of thrombus,stenting,balloon dilatation,arterial thrombolysis and combination therapy)were collected from both groups.After the diagnosis of SAP,patients in both groups underwent conventional treatment such as sputum expectoration and clearance,antipyretic and antitussive treatment,oxygen therapy,respiratory support,fluid and nutrition support,along with CS anti-infective therapy.In contrast to the control group,the ulinastatin group additionally received continuous ulinastatin treatment for at least 7 days.The adverse reactions of the two groups after initiating SAP treatment including allergic reactions(such as sudden dyspnea,skin redness,and shock),decrease in peripheral white blood cell count(below 4.0 × 109/L),nausea and vomiting,diarrhea,rash and/or itching,and liver enzymes(aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase)elevation(more than twice the upper limit of normal)were compared between the two groups.The efficacy indicators encompassing arterial blood gas analysis(oxygenation index)and inflammatory factor indicators(interleukin-6[IL-6],procalcitonin)after 7 days of SAP treatment,pneumonia-related symptoms and signs before and after SAP treatment(including body temperature,heart rate,respiratory rate,sputum volume and characteristics,changes in lung rales,etc.),imaging examinations(such as head CT and chest CT).The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy is classified as(1)markedly effective:following treatment,significant relief was observed on pneumonia-related symptoms and signs,with body temperature returned to normal,and arterial blood gas analysis and inflammatory factor indicators returned to normal levels;post-treatment imaging studies reveal that over 2/3 of lung inflammation has been absorbed;(2)effective:after treatment,some improvement was observed in pneumonia-related symptoms and signs,with mild improvement in arterial blood gas analysis and inflammatory factor indicators;post-treatment imaging studies reveal some absorption of lung inflammation;(3)ineffective:no improvement or further deterioration of pneumonia-related symptoms,arterial blood gas analysis,and inflammatory factor indicators after treatment.The arterial blood gas analysis,inflammatory factor indicators and efficacy indicators were evaluated and compared between the control and the ulinastatin group.Compare the prognosis(improvement of the lesion in the chest CT after 7 days of treatment,length of stay in the intensive care unit,total length of hospital stay,and modified Rankin scale[mRS]score assessed via telephone follow-up or outpatient revisit 90 days after endovascular treatment[with an mRS score ≤2 indicating a good prognosis],as well as mortality).Results A total of 99 patients with AIS-LVO who developed SAP after endovascular treatment were included in this study,with 69 males(69.7％)and 30 females(30.3％),and an average age of(68±10)years.Among them,there were 46 cases in the ulinastatin group and 53 cases in the control group.(1)No statistically significant differences were observed in baseline or clinical characteristics between the two groups(all P＞0.05).(2)The overall effective(markedly effective and effective)rate of SAP treatment was greater in the ulinastatin group than that in the control group(89.1％[41/46]vs.69.8％[37/53],P=0.019).(3)No statistically significant differences were observed in serum IL-6 levels,procalcitonin levels,or arterial oxygenation index between the ulinastatin group and the control group before treatment(all P＞0.05).seven days after treatment,the levels of serum IL-6([21.13±14.86]ng/L vs.[64.39±52.95]ng/L)and procalcitonin([0.12±0.11]μg/L vs.[0.31±0.20]μg/L)in the ulinastatin group were significantly lower compared to those before treatment(all P＜0.01),and the arterial oxygenation index was significantly higher than that before treatment([359.35±92.56]mmHg vs.[273.34±95.65]mmHg,P＜0.01).Seven days after treatment,the levels of serum IL-6([21.13±14.86]ng/L vs.[31.90±21.95]ng/L)and procalcitonin([0.12±0.11]μg/L vs.[0.26±0.24]μg/L)in the ulinastatin group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.01),and the arterial oxygenation index was significantly higher than that of the control group([359.35±92.56]mmHg vs.[314.81±81.97]mmHg,P=0.020).(4)In the ulinastatin group,there was 1 case of nausea and vomiting,1 case of itching and/or rash,and 1 case of elevated liver enzymes,resulting in an adverse reaction rate of 6.5％(3/46).In the control group,there were 2 cases of nausea and vomiting,1 case of itching and/or rash,and 1 case of elevated liver enzymes,resulting in an adverse reaction rate of 7.5％(4/53).No statistically significant differences were observed in the adverse reaction rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).(5)After 7 days of treatment,the ulinastatin group exhibited a greater improvement rate in chest CT lesions compared to the control group(93.5％[43/46]vs.77.4％[41/53],P=0.026).No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the length of stay in the intensive care unit or the total length of hospital stay(both P＞0.05).Additionally,the 90-day mortality rate after intravascular treatment was lower in the ulinastatin group compared to the control group(6.5％[3/46]vs.20.8％[11/53],P=0.040).No statistically significant differences were observed in the good prognosis rate between the two groups(P=0.119).Conclusions Combined treatment with CS and ulinastatin can improve the clinical symptoms,inhibit inflammatory factors and reduce mortality rate in SAP patients after receiving endovascular treatment for AIS-LVO.The results of this study still need to be further confirmed by large-scale prospective studies.

Objective To explore the application of linaclotide combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder(PEG)in bowel preparation for colonoscopy of patients with chronic constipation.Methods A toltal of 190 patients with chronic constipation who underwent electronic colonoscopy in Beijing NO.6 Hospital from January to October 2023 were selected as the objects.The patients were divide into linaclotide group(n=63),3L PEG group(n=64),and 4L PEG group(n=63)by random number table method.The application effects of three groups were compared.Results Boston bowel preparation scale score was higher than 3L PEG and 4L PEG groups,there were significant difference among groups(P＜0.05).The qualified rate of patients in linaclotide group was better than that of 3L PEG group and 4L PEG group,and the qualified rate of patients in 4L PEG group was better than that of 3L PEG group,there were significant difference among groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Linaclotide combined with PEG can not only improve the intestinal cleaning quality of patients with constipation,but also do not increase the adverse reactions of patients.

Purpose To explore the diagnostic value of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography(2D-STE)in differentiating left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)caused by Fabry disease from other etiologies.Materials and Methods A total of 23 patients clinically confirmed Fabry disease with LVH(Fabry disease group)in Peking University First Hospital from August 2014 to February 2023,retrospectively.23 patients with hypertensive LVH(hypertensive LVH group)and 23 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)(HCM group)were also included.Conventional echocardiographic parameters and 2D-STE-derived left atrial strain and left ventricular longitudinal strain were analyzed and compared among the three groups.LASSO regression was used to select variables and construct a diagnostic model to differentiate hypertensive LVH,HCM and Fabry disease group.Results The Fabry disease group showed significantly reduced left ventricular global longitudinal strain and segmental left ventricular longitudinal strain in the basal anterior wall,basal anterolateral wall and mid inferior wall compared to the hypertensive LVH group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in left atrial strain,left ventricular global longitudinal strain and segmental left ventricular longitudinal strain between the Fabry disease and HCM groups(P>0.05).Compared to the conventional echocardiography-based model,the combined model did not significantly improve diagnostic accuracy for differentiating the three etiologies(Z=-1.314--0.594,all P>0.05).Conclusion Compared to patients with hypertensive LVH,HCM and Fabry disease group exhibit varying degrees of decrease in global and segmental longitudinal strain of the left atrium and left ventricle.Additional measurements of left ventricular longitudinal strain and left atrial strain do not provide significant incremental diagnostic value over conventional echocardiography in distinguishing among Fabry disease,hypertensive LVH and HCM.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP)in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods A total of 115 patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion stroke who received EVT in the Department of Neurology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from March 2022 to May 2023 were continuously included.Their clinical data were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into SAP group(55 cases)and non-SAP group(60 cases)according to the occurrence of SAP after the operation.Differences in baseline data,surgical and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors for SAP after EVT were analyzed using the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Univariate analysis showed there were significant differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission,incidence of dysphagia,duration of the surgery,proportion of general anesthesia,rate of unsuccessful vascular recanalization and the rate of immediate CT high-density sign between SAP group and non-SAP group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the above indicators showed that duration of the surgery(OR=1.014,95％CI:1.001-1.028,P＜0.05),dysphagia(OR=6.137,95％CI:1.694-22.232,P＜0.01)and unsuccessful vascular recanalization(OR=6.043,95％CI:1.062-34.382,P＜0.05)were independent risk factors for SAP after EVT.Conclusion Long duration of EVT,dysphagia and unsuccessful vascular recanalization are directly related to the occurrence of SAP after EVT in patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusive infarction.Therefore,targeted measures should be taken as soon as possible to reduce the incidence of SAP after EVT and thus improve the clinical prognosis of these patients.

Objective: To investigate the effects of "liver-smoothing and spirit-regulating" acupuncture on the intestinal flora, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the hippocampal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ transcription factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in depressive disorder mouse model, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Eighteen male SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the control, model, and acupuncture groups using a random number method, with six mice in each group. The depression disorder model was induced in mice from both the acupuncture and model groups using CUMS. The mice in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at the acupoints of "Baihui" (DU20), "Yintang" (DU29), "Hegu" (LI4), and "Taichong" (LR3) on the 15th day of modeling, with a duration of 20 min per session, once per day, for 2 consecutive weeks. Behavioral differences were assessed using the sucrose preference test, open field test, and forced swim test. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in the hippocampus and colon. The levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and LPS in the hippocampus and colon were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB protein in the hippocampus. Changes in gut microbiota structure and abundance were analyzed by 16 S rDNA sequencing. Results: Compared to the control group, the model group showed reduced sucrose preference rate, time in the center area, and total distance, with an increase in immobility time (P<0.01). Inflammatory pathological changes were observed in the hippocampal CA1 region and colon. The contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and LPS in the hippocampus and colon increased (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of hippocampal TLR4 and NF-κB were increased (P<0.01). The Chao1 index was increased (P<0.01). The relative abundances of Pseudomonadales, Acinetobacter, Moraxellaceae, Solibacillus, Escherichia_shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacterales, Dubosiella, and Erysipelottichales were decreased, while the relative abundances of Alloprevotella and gram_negative_bacteriurh_cTPY_13 were increased (P<0.05). The pathways of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection were upregulated, and the pathway of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was downregulated (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, the acupuncture group showed increased sucrose preference, time in the center area, and total distance, with a decrease in immobility time (P<0.01). The inflammatory pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and colon were alleviated. The contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and LPS in the hippocampus and colon were reduced(P<0.01). The protein expression levels of hippocampal TLR4 and NF-κB were reduced (P<0.01). The Chao1 index was decreased (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Dubosiella and Erysipelotrichaceae were increased, while the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, Alloprevotella, and gram_negative_bacteriuch_cTPY_13 were decreased(P<0.05). The pathways of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection were significantly downregulated, and the pathway of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was upregulated (P<0.01). Conclusion " Liver-smoothing and spirit-regulating" acupuncture can improve depressive symptoms in depressive disorder mice, potentially through regulating the LPS and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by intestinal flora, reducing the inflammatory response of the hippocampus, and improving the pathological injury of the hippocampus.