ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism underlying the weight loss effect of electrothermal acupuncture （ETA） in diet-induced obese （DIO） model mice based on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/sphingosine-1-phosphate （S1P）sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 （S1PR3） signaling pathway-mediated macrophage polarization. MethodsAn obesity mouse model was established by continuously feeding at a high-fat diet （HFD） for 8 weeks. Twenty successfully modeled obese mice were randomly divided into a model group and an electrothermal acupuncture （ETA） group with 10 mice per group， both of which continued to receive the HFD till week 12. Another 10 mice were assigned to the normal group and fed a standard chow diet continuously for 12 weeks. Starting from week 9 of the experiment， mice in the ETA group received electrothermal acupuncture stimulation at Zhongwan （CV12）， bilateral Tianshu （ST25）， and bilateral Zusanli （ST36） for 30 minutes per session， with the instrument current set at （40±0.5）mA and a constant temperature of （40±0.5）℃. Mice in the normal group and the model group were restrained in the same manner for 30 minutes without acupuncture. All interventions were performed once every other day for a total of 4 weeks. Ten hours after the final intervention， the body weight， waist circumference， and body length of mice in each group were measured， and Lee's index was calculated. Serum biochemical analysis was performed to assess fasting blood glucose （FBG）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， and creatinine （Cr）. Serum leptin （LEP） and adiponectin （ADPN） levels， as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate （S1P） levels in epididymal white adipose tissue （eWAT）， were detected by ELISA. Histomorphological changes in eWAT were monitored via HE staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyze macrophage subtype-related indexes in eWAT， including the total proportion of macrophages， the proportion of M1 macrophages， the proportion of M2 macrophages， and the M1/M2 ratio. Antibody array technology was used to determine the levels of differentially expressed inflammatory factors in eWAT between the model and blank groups， as well as between the ETA and model groups. Western blot and qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and S1PR3 in the eWAT， respectively. ResultsCompared to the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased body weight， Lee's index， waist circumference， and FBG， TC， TG， HDL-C， LDL-C， AST， and ALT levels， upgraded LEP and S1P levels， decreased ADPN level and ADPN/LEP ratio， elevated proportion of M1 macrophages and the M1/M2 ratio， reduced proportion of M2 macrophages， and upregulated protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and S1PR3 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. With the exception of HDL-C， all the abovementioned indicators in the ETA group were significantly improved compared to the model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Analysis of differentially expressed inflammatory cytokines revealed that， compared to the normal group， the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-12p70 （IL-12p70） in the eWAT of the model group were elevated； conversely， the levels of interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-5 （IL-5）， IL-6， and interleukin-23 （IL-23） in the eWAT of the ETA group decreased compared to the model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionETA exerts a weight-reducing effect in obese model mice， and the mechanism may involve inhibition of the HIF-1α/S1P/S1PR3 signaling pathway activation， which shifts macrophage polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype， thereby alleviating chronic inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the effects of trazodone on the growth, motility and ferroptosis of endometrial carcinoma cells, and to study its effect on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.Methods:Human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1A cells were divided into a control group and an experimental group. HEC-1A cells in the control group and in the experimental group were treated with 0 and 2 μmol/L trazodone dimethyl sulfoxide solution, respectively, for 24 h. Cell growth was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay, cell motility was evaluated by scratch assay, Transwell assay and Western blotting, ferroptosis was evaluated by Western blotting and iron detection kit, and the effect of trazodone on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blotting. Analysis and comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey′s multiple comparisons.Results:The cell survival rate [(32.2±3.2%)] and the number of cell clones (18.0±4.0) in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group [(99.2±4.3)% and 35.0±5.0], and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01). The relative scratch width of the experimental group (0.57±0.07) was higher than that of the control group (0.24±0.05), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The number of invasive cells in the experimental group (7.0±1.0) was lower than that in the control group (15.0±2.0), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The relative expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (0.50±0.05) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the experimental group (0.75±0.08) were lower than those in the control group (0.82±0.07 and 1.25±0.15), and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01). The iron level [(190.5±18.5)%] and the relative expression level of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (0.63±0.06) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(99.2±8.9)% and 0.38±0.05)], and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The relative expression level of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the experimental group (0.22±0.05) was lower than that in the control group (1.22±0.13) ( P<0.01). The levels of phosphorylated PI3K/PI3K, phosphorylated Akt/Akt and phosphorylated mTOR/mTOR in the experimental group (0.62±0.08, 0.35±0.05, and 1.46±0.18) were lower than those in the control group (1.47±0.16, 1.32±0.11, and 2.34±0.11), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Trazodone may have an anti-tumor effect on endometrial carcinoma cells by inhibiting the growth and motility of tumor cells, promoting ferroptosis, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between body fat distribution measured by quantitative CT (QCT) and body mass index in adults receiving physical examination.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. From January to December 2021, 3 205 adults undergoing physical examination who met the inclusion criteria and underwent chest CT and QCT examination in the health management discipline of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were selected as the research objects. The general data were collected; and the subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, total abdominal fat area, liver fat content, abdominal obesity and fatty liver detection rate were measured by QCT. According to body mass index, the subjects were divided into normal group (18.5-<24.0 kg/m 2, 1 343 cases), overweight group (24.0-<28.0 kg/m 2, 1 427 cases) and obesity group (≥28.0 kg/m 2, 435 cases). One-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to compare the differences of QCT indexes among the three groups. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between QCT indexes and body mass index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic effect of QCT on obesity and fatty liver. Results:Subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, total abdominal fat area, liver fat content, abdominal obesity and fatty liver detection rate in obese group were all significantly higher than those in overweight group and normal group [males, (147.60±46.44) vs (104.33±27.68), (73.46±22.65) cm 2; (297.46±54.70) vs (229.40±53.12), (159.57±49.68) cm 2; (445.06±70.24) vs (333.73±62.91), (233.02±61.87) cm 2; 11.30% (7.90%, 15.55%) vs 8.75% (6.50%, 11.70%), 6.60% (4.80%, 8.70%); 100.0% vs 96.0%, 64.0%; 92.9% vs 86.7%, 73.3%; females, (213.96±48.61) vs (155.85±35.31), (107.24±31.01) cm 2; (185.41±43.88) vs (142.48±41.75), (96.56±36.50) cm 2; (399.37±68.07) vs (298.33±56.86), (203.80±57.53) cm 2; 9.80% (6.90%, 13.30%) vs 7.30% (5.05%, 9.80%), 5.40%(3.50%, 7.20%); 96.4% vs 74.8%, 28.9%; 87.3% vs 75.6%, 56.5%], and were all positively correlated with body mass index (males, r/ rs=0.709, 0.738, 0.831, 0.402, 0.464, 0.225; females, r/ rs=0.798, 0.695, 0.841, 0.416, 0.605, 0.276) (all P<0.001). In both male and female subjects, the detection rates of obesity based on QCT were significantly higher than those based on body mass index (male, 86.9% vs 16.6%; female, 49.3% vs 8.9%), and the detection rates of fatty liver based on QCT were significantly higher than those based on ultrasound (male, 83.6% vs 57.1%; female, 65.2% vs 27.6%) (all P<0.001). ROC curve showed that when the visceral fat area of 142 cm 2 was used as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of obesity in male subjects, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 15.8%, respectively; and when the cut-off value of liver fat content 5.0% was used to diagnose fatty liver, the sensitivity and specificity was 88.9% and 25.1%, respectively. When the visceral fat area of 115 cm 2 was set as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of obesity in female subjects, the sensitivity and specificity was 96.4% and 55.3%, respectively; when the liver fat content of 5.0% was set as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of fatty liver, the sensitivity and specificity was 83.7% and 43.2%, respectively. Conclusions:The indexes of abdominal fat and liver fat measured by QCT in adults receiving physical examination are all positively correlated with body mass index. The effect of QCT in the diagnosis of obesity and fatty liver are both better than body mass index and ultrasound.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of body fat with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in people with normal body mass index (BMI).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the physical examination population who underwent chest CT and QCT examination in the Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January to December in 2021, and 1 395 physical examination subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the research subjects. The subjects were divided into five groups according to their age. The general data of the subjects were collected. The total abdominal fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total abdominal muscle area (TMA) and muscle fat content (MFC) in the subjects were measured by QCT. One-way analysis of variance, Welch test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the above QCT measurement indexes between the two genders among different age groups with normal BMI. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between VFA and sarcopenia indexes. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between VFA and linear correlation variables in the related indicators of sarcopenia.Results:There were significant differences in TFA, VFA, TMA and SMI among different age groups in subjects with normal BMI (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that VFA was negatively correlated with TMA in some age groups (male: 18-39 years group: r=-0.351; 40-49 years group: r=-0.278; 60-69 years group: r=-0.245; female:40-49 years group: r=-0.251; 50-59 years group: r=-0.270;≥70 years group: r=-0.391; all P<0.01); it was negatively correlated with SMI (male: 18-39 years group: r=-0.352; 40-49 years group: r=-0.340; 50-59 years group: r=-0.266; 60-69 years group: r=-0.316; female: 40-49 years group: r=-0.240; 50-59 years group: r=-0.284; all P<0.001); it was positively correlated with MFC (male: 18-39 years group: r=0.342; 40-49 years group: r=0.291; female: 50-59 years group: r=0.133; 60-69 years group: r=0.284; all P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that VFA was independently and negatively correlated with SMI in both men and women after adjusting for age interference factors (male B=-1.881, t=-6.025, P<0.001; female B=-0.603, t=-2.887, P=0.004), and it was independently positively correlated with MFC (male B=1.230, t=4.271, P<0.001;female B=0.893, t=3.836, P<0.001). There was an independent negative correlation between VFA and TMA in male subjects ( B=0.263, t=2.478, P=0.013). Conclusions:VFA is correlated with TMA, SMI and MFC in people with normal BMI. Regardless of gender, SMI has a negative effect on VFA, and MFC has a positive effect on VFA.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Methods: The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer among men in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected from the Shanghai Cancer Registry System. The crude incidence, crude mortality, truncated age-standardized incidence (aged 35 to 64 years) and cumulative incidence (aged 0 to 74 years) of prostate cancer were calculated. The Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 were used to calculate Chinese-standardized rate and world-standardized rate. The trends in incidence and mortality of prostate cancer were evaluated using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 2 672 cases of prostate cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence was 33.35/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence was 14.93/105 and the world-standardized incidence was 12.37/105 (AAPC=7.675%, 4.886% and 4.983%, all P<0.05). The incidence of prostate cancer among males at ages of 60 to <70 years and 70 to <80 years appeared increasing trends (AAPC=4.554% and 5.045%, both P<0.05). A total of 1 214 deaths of prostate cancer were reported, and the crude mortality was 15.15/105, the Chinese-standardized mortality was 6.01/105 and the world-standardized mortality was 4.61/105 (AAPC=5.500%, 2.057% and 1.784%, all P<0.05). The mortality of prostate cancer among males at ages of 80 years and above appeared an increasing trend (AAPC=4.220%, P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer appeared increasing trends in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the incidence among males at ages of 60 years and above also increased. The screening for prostate cancer among males at ages of 60 years and above should be strengthened.

Objective:To analyze the association between visceral fat area (VFA) and fatty liver based on quantitative CT (QCT) in people receiving health examination with normal body mass index (BMI).Methods:A cross-sectional study. A total of 1 305 physical examiners who underwent chest CT and QCT examination in the Department of Health Management of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January to December 2021 were retrospectively selected as subjects. The physical components at the central level of the lumbar two cone were measured with QCT, including subcutaneous fat area (SFA), VFA and liver fat content (LFC). And the metabolic indexes, such as blood lipids and blood glucose, were collected. The t-test and χ2 test were used to analyze the correlation between the detection rate of fatty live and LFCr and age and gender. According to level of VFA (<100 cm 2, 100-150 cm 2 and≥150 cm 2), the subjects were divided into three groups, and one-way ANOVA and χ2 test were used in comparison between groups. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between VFA and metabolic indexes and LFC. Results:Of the 1 305 subjects, there were 634 males and 671 females. The detection rate of fatty liver in normal BMI population was 65.67%, and it was 72.71% and 59.02% respectively in men and women ( χ2=27.12, P<0.001), and the detection rate of fatty liver and LFC increased with age (both P<0.05). With the increase of VFA, the age, BMI, SFA, LFC, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood uric acid and prevalence of fatty liver increased (all P<0.05), and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased ( P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age factors, regardless of male or female, LFC was independently positively related with VFA, BMI, and ALT (male β=0.206, 0.145, 0.174, female β=0.194, 0.150, 0.184; all P<0.05). FBG was positively correlated with male independently ( β=0.134; P<0.001). The indicators related to female independently were TC, TG, and blood uric acid ( β=-0.121, 0.145, 0.141, all P<0.05) Conclusion:In the population receiving health examination with normal BMI, the VFA measured by QCT technique is closely related to fatty liver.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the cladding process of volatile oil saturated and aqueous solution method of classic prescription Sanhua decoction. METHODS β-Cyclodextrin was used as the wrapping material, through Plackett-Burman combined with Box-Behnken design tests, the optimal packaging process of Sanhua decoction’s total volatile oil was screened. The clathrate was verified by microscopy, thin layer chromatography, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the change of volatile composition before and after the envelope was determined by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The best coating process of the total volatile oil of the classic prescription Sanhua decoction was as follows: speed 2 000 r·min-1, wrapping 1 h, feed-liquid ratio 1∶10, baling temperature 30 ℃, material ratio 1∶9. The comprehensive scores of the three validation experiments were 0.981 0, 0.999 9 and 0.963 4, and the average value was 0.981 4, which was 2.87% different from the predicted value of the model. CONCLUSION The saturated aqueous solution method is simple and stable, and the volatile components are basically unchanged before and after the encapsulation, which provides a reference for the development of Sanhua decoction and the research on the volatile oil in the classic recipe.

T he recent development of imaging and sequencing technologies enables systematic advances in the clinical study of lung cancer.Meanwhile,the human mind is limited in effectively handling and fully utilizing the accumulation of such enormous amounts of data.Machine learning-based approaches play a critical role in integrating and analyzing these large and complex datasets,which have extensively characterized lung cancer through the use of different perspectives from these accrued data.In this review,we provide an overview of machine learning-based approaches that strengthen the varying aspects of lung cancer diagnosis and therapy,including early detection,auxiliary diagnosis,prognosis prediction,and immunotherapy practice.Moreover,we highlight the challenges and opportunities for future applications of machine learning in lung cancer.

After administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 vaccine of Pfizer/BioNTech incorporation and mRNA-1273 vaccine of Moderna incorporation), some vaccinators develop vaccination-associated lymphadenopathy (VAL). VAL usually occurs 2 to 4 days after vaccination, or 2 weeks later. The incidence of VAL after the second dose of vaccine is higher than that after the first dose. Some vaccinators develop VAL after both the first and second doses of vaccination. The clinical manifestations of VAL are enlarged lymph nodes with pain in axilla, supraclavicular, neck, and inguen on the same side of the inoculation site. Imaging examination shows enlarged lymph nodes with diffuse or focal cortical thickening, etc. The pathological diagnosis is benign reactive lymphadenopathy. VAL does not need treatment and generally subsides spontaneously 5 to 16 days after onset. The mechanism of lymphadenopathy after administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is unclear.

After administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 vaccine of Pfizer/BioNTech incorporation and mRNA-1273 vaccine of Moderna incorporation), some vaccinators develop vaccination-associated lymphadenopathy (VAL). VAL usually occurs 2 to 4 days after vaccination, or 2 weeks later. The incidence of VAL after the second dose of vaccine is higher than that after the first dose. Some vaccinators develop VAL after both the first and second doses of vaccination. The clinical manifestations of VAL are enlarged lymph nodes with pain in axilla, supraclavicular, neck, and inguen on the same side of the inoculation site. Imaging examination shows enlarged lymph nodes with diffuse or focal cortical thickening, etc. The pathological diagnosis is benign reactive lymphadenopathy. VAL does not need treatment and generally subsides spontaneously 5 to 16 days after onset. The mechanism of lymphadenopathy after administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is unclear.