Objective To analyze the relationship between 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T cells and age and gender in healthy adults in the Dalian area. Methods A total of 277 healthy adults admitted to the physical examination center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from October 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects,including 154 males and 123 females. They were divided into three groups according to age:young group(18～44 years,n=103),middle-aged group(45～60 years,n=114) and old age group(>60 years,n=60). Flow cytometry was used to determine immunophenotypes of T cells,including the absolute count and proportion of na?ve cells (N),central memory (CM),effector memory (EM),terminal effector memory (TEM),activation (HLA-DR+) and senescence (CD28-) CD4+and CD8+T cells,and the differences of them among age and gender were analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the correlation between age and immunophenotypes of T cells. Results Compared with the young group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+TEM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphoaytes cells were increased in the middle-aged group and old age group (Z=2.009～6.607),while the absolute count and proportion of CD8+N T cells were decreased in the middle-aged group (Z=5.574～7.999) and old age group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05),respectively. Compared with the female group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+CM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T cells were increased in the female group (Z=2.945～6.131),while the absolute count and proportion of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+N T cells were decreased in the male group (Z=2.075～4.225),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with the absolute count and proportion of CD4+CM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD4+CD28-,CD8+TEM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes cells (r=0.125～0.479,all P<0.05),while negatively correlated the absolute count and proportion of CD4+N and CD8+N T lymphocytes cells (r=-0.538～-0.148,all P<0.05). Conclusion The 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T lymphocytes cells in healthy adults from Dalian area are affected by age and gender,so it is necessary to establish a suitable local reference interval to provide a more accurate reference for immune function assessment.

Objective To analyze the relationship between 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T cells and age and gender in healthy adults in the Dalian area. Methods A total of 277 healthy adults admitted to the physical examination center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from October 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects,including 154 males and 123 females. They were divided into three groups according to age:young group(18～44 years,n=103),middle-aged group(45～60 years,n=114) and old age group(>60 years,n=60). Flow cytometry was used to determine immunophenotypes of T cells,including the absolute count and proportion of na?ve cells (N),central memory (CM),effector memory (EM),terminal effector memory (TEM),activation (HLA-DR+) and senescence (CD28-) CD4+and CD8+T cells,and the differences of them among age and gender were analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the correlation between age and immunophenotypes of T cells. Results Compared with the young group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+TEM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphoaytes cells were increased in the middle-aged group and old age group (Z=2.009～6.607),while the absolute count and proportion of CD8+N T cells were decreased in the middle-aged group (Z=5.574～7.999) and old age group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05),respectively. Compared with the female group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+CM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T cells were increased in the female group (Z=2.945～6.131),while the absolute count and proportion of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+N T cells were decreased in the male group (Z=2.075～4.225),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with the absolute count and proportion of CD4+CM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD4+CD28-,CD8+TEM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes cells (r=0.125～0.479,all P<0.05),while negatively correlated the absolute count and proportion of CD4+N and CD8+N T lymphocytes cells (r=-0.538～-0.148,all P<0.05). Conclusion The 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T lymphocytes cells in healthy adults from Dalian area are affected by age and gender,so it is necessary to establish a suitable local reference interval to provide a more accurate reference for immune function assessment.

Objective:To detect the immunophenotype of B cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren′s syndrome (pSS) and explore the clinical significance of B cell subsets in pSS.Methods:This is a retrospective case-control study. A total of 25 pSS patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from March 1st 2023 to February 28th 2024 were enrolled (pSS group). The mean age of the pSS group was 62.0±11.9 years old, including 25 female. Besides, 25 female healthy subjects were selected as the control group (HC group) during the tudy period, with a mean age of 57.6±11.2 years old. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of B cell subsets in peripheral blood. In our study, pSS patients were divided into<60 years old group (15 cases) and≥60 years old group (10 cases). pSS patients were divided into ESSDAI score<5 group (9 cases) and ESSDAI score≥5 group (16 cases) according to ESSDAI score. Besides, they were further divided into no system damage group (7 cases) and combined system damage group (18 cases). According to the expression of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, pSS patients were divided into anti-SSA antibody negative group (7 cases), anti-SSA antibody positive group (18 cases), anti-SSB negative group (17 cases) and anti-SSB positive group (8 cases). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution difference of B cell subsets between the two groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between B cell subsets and laboratory indicators and ESSDAI scores of pSS patients. Results:In comparison to the HC group, the pSS group exhibited a statistically significant increase in the proportions of na?ve B cells, CD19 +CD20 +B cells and plasmablast cells, alongside a decrease in the proportions of unswitched memory B cells, switched memory B cells and regulatory B cells, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proportion of plasmablast cells was significantly higher in the ESSDAI score≥5 group than that in the ESSDAI score<5 group [1.20% (1.00%, 1.38%) vs. 0.5% (0.38%, 0.65%), Z=2.416, P<0.05]. Conversely, the proportion of regulatory B cells was lower in the ESSDAI score≥5 group compared to the ESSDAI score<5 group [2.50% (2.00%, 2.78%) vs. 5.55% (3.58%, 7.10%), Z=2.775, P<0.05]. The proportion of unswitched memory B cells was significantly lower in the group with systemic injury compared to the group without systemic injury [1.50% (0.85%, 1.70%) vs. 2.45% (1.73%, 2.78%), Z=2.122, P<0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ESSDAI score was positively correlated with the proportion of plasmablast cells in patients with pSS (r=0.431, P<0.05), while negatively correlated with the proportion of regulatory B cells in pSS patients ( r=-0.413, P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an increased proportion of plasmablast cells and a reduced proportion of regulatory B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS, and these alterations are strongly correlated with the disease activity of pSS. Consequently, plasmablast cells and regulatory B cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Objective:To detect the immunophenotype of B cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren′s syndrome (pSS) and explore the clinical significance of B cell subsets in pSS.Methods:This is a retrospective case-control study. A total of 25 pSS patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from March 1st 2023 to February 28th 2024 were enrolled (pSS group). The mean age of the pSS group was 62.0±11.9 years old, including 25 female. Besides, 25 female healthy subjects were selected as the control group (HC group) during the tudy period, with a mean age of 57.6±11.2 years old. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of B cell subsets in peripheral blood. In our study, pSS patients were divided into<60 years old group (15 cases) and≥60 years old group (10 cases). pSS patients were divided into ESSDAI score<5 group (9 cases) and ESSDAI score≥5 group (16 cases) according to ESSDAI score. Besides, they were further divided into no system damage group (7 cases) and combined system damage group (18 cases). According to the expression of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, pSS patients were divided into anti-SSA antibody negative group (7 cases), anti-SSA antibody positive group (18 cases), anti-SSB negative group (17 cases) and anti-SSB positive group (8 cases). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution difference of B cell subsets between the two groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between B cell subsets and laboratory indicators and ESSDAI scores of pSS patients. Results:In comparison to the HC group, the pSS group exhibited a statistically significant increase in the proportions of na?ve B cells, CD19 +CD20 +B cells and plasmablast cells, alongside a decrease in the proportions of unswitched memory B cells, switched memory B cells and regulatory B cells, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proportion of plasmablast cells was significantly higher in the ESSDAI score≥5 group than that in the ESSDAI score<5 group [1.20% (1.00%, 1.38%) vs. 0.5% (0.38%, 0.65%), Z=2.416, P<0.05]. Conversely, the proportion of regulatory B cells was lower in the ESSDAI score≥5 group compared to the ESSDAI score<5 group [2.50% (2.00%, 2.78%) vs. 5.55% (3.58%, 7.10%), Z=2.775, P<0.05]. The proportion of unswitched memory B cells was significantly lower in the group with systemic injury compared to the group without systemic injury [1.50% (0.85%, 1.70%) vs. 2.45% (1.73%, 2.78%), Z=2.122, P<0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ESSDAI score was positively correlated with the proportion of plasmablast cells in patients with pSS (r=0.431, P<0.05), while negatively correlated with the proportion of regulatory B cells in pSS patients ( r=-0.413, P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an increased proportion of plasmablast cells and a reduced proportion of regulatory B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS, and these alterations are strongly correlated with the disease activity of pSS. Consequently, plasmablast cells and regulatory B cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancies have a poor prognosis after developing SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their seropositivity rate after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is lower than that of the healthy population. Since most clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines do not include immunodeficient populations, the safety and efficacy of various types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancies are unclear. Therefore, physicians should decide whether patients with lymphoid hematologic malignancies receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the timing, type and dose of vaccine after taking into full consideration the patient's immune status, type of treatment and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective:To analyze the rules of medication and principles of formulas for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support platform (V2.5).Methods:The clinical data, including gender, age, clinical symptoms, frequency of traditional Chinese medicine medication and prescription information, of patients with COVID-19 and asymptomatic infection who were admitted to Hebei COVID-19 designated hospital supported by medical team of First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine from January to March 2021 were collected. The information data were input into the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support platform (V2.5). The data mining and analysis were realized by the integrated association rules and complex entropy clustering analysis methods of the software, including the analysis of the frequency of each drug use, drug meridian, taste, and prescription rules, and the new prescriptions were developed.Results:A total of 564 patients (564 prescriptions) were enrolled, involving 200 Chinese herbs, including 357 cases of common COVID-19 and 207 cases of asymptomatic infection. The proportion of women with common COVID-19 was high, and the high incidence age group was 51-70 years old. There was no significant difference in gender of asymptomatic infection, and the high incidence age group was 1-20 years old. The main clinical manifestations of most patients were head heavy and cough, followed by low fever and cough with sputum, the main tongue coating and pulse pattern were similar in both types of patients. The frequency of traditional Chinese medicine used in patients with common type of COVID-19 from high to low was liquorice root (326 times), indian bread (264 times), pinellia tuber (263 times), bitter apricot seed (236 times), baical skullcap root (229 times), gypsum (205 times), agastache rugosus (201 times), dried tangerine peel (194 times), ephedra (184 times), and Chinese thorowax root (163 times), while that used by asymptomatic infection were baical skullcap root (174 times), liquorice root (142 times), medicated leaven (137 times), agastache rugosus (127 times), pinellia tuber (114 times), Chinese thorowax root (100 times), officinal magnolia bark (91 times), atractylodes rhizome (89 times), peony root (84 times), and milkvetch root (83 times). The two types of patients were mainly treated with warm, cold and flat drugs, and the nature and taste were mainly pungent, bitter and sweet. The meridian tropism of drugs was mainly lung, spleen and stomach. High frequency drug formulation mainly included drugs for resolving turbidity and detoxification. At the same time, seven new prescriptions for common COVID-19 and four new prescriptions for asymptomatic infection were developed.Conclusions:The primary reason for the COVID-19 occurrence and development is turbidity-toxin and the qi of plague, and resolving turbidity and detoxication are the basic treating principle. On the basis, for patients with common COVID-19, symptomatic treatment such as relieving exterior syndrome, clearing heat, resolving phlegm, and antitussive drugs should be taken into account at the same time, while the treatment of asymptomatic infections should focus more on supporting the body and eliminating the harmful pathogens.

Objective To study the impacts of alcohol dependence on the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Meth?ods Kunming mice (n=36) were divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group), Alcohol Dependence Group(A group), Diaze?pam Group(D group)and Normal Saline Group(N group). A group received an intraperitoneal injection with a 0.2 mL dose of 0.8%alcohol in NS (normal saline) , while both D and N group received an injection with a 0.2 mL dose of NS without alco?hol , twice a day. Mice’s autonomic activities were monitored every day. After 7 days, the electroconvulsive experiment was performed. Both A and D group were given a weight-based dose of 0.05 mL/10 g of 0.05%diazepam via intraperitoneal injec? tion, while N group was given a 0.05 mL/10 g dose of NS. Before administration and after 15, 30, 60 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of each group was measured. Results The count of autonomic activity of mice in A group was less than that of mice in D and N group during the 2nd day to 6th day(P<0.05). On the 1st and 7th day, the difference of the count of autonomic activity of mice between A group and the other two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in D and N group before administration(P<0.05). Af?ter administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in N group didn’t show statistically significant difference from that of mice before administration(P>0.05). After 15 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in D group was high?er than that of mice in A and N group(P<0.05), while the convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). After 30 min and 60 min of administration, both the convulsion thresholds of mice in A and D group were higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). However, at this point, the difference of the convulsion thresholds of mice between A and D group was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Alcohol dependence has anticon?vulsant effect. Alcohol dependence weakens the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam.