Objective:Through the meta-analysis of activation likelihood estimation (ALE), the functional magnetic resonance imaging research evidence of acupuncture in the treatment of depression was systematically integrated to analyze the effect of acupuncture on brain activity in patients with depression and systematically reveal its potential neural mechanism.Methods:The literatures which used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore brain image changes of patients with depression after receiving acupuncture intervention were retrieved from CNKI, VIP database, Wanfang database, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO host MEDLINE and Web of Science database. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to March 2025. Data processing was performed using the ALE method by the Ginger ALE 2.3 software. The coordinates of the subjects included in the study were extracted, and the brain regions with abnormal spontaneous brain activity in patients with depression were integrated and analyzed.Results:A total of 28 articles involving 770 subjects were included. Depressed patients receiving acupuncture exhibited increased brain activity in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. Exploratory analysis revealed that depressed patients receiving acupuncture exhibited reduced activation in the left posterior cerebellar lobe (MNI: x, y, z = -6, -68, -21; x, y, z = -9, -81, -9) compared to healthy controls (voxel sum=5 824 mm 3,P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with depression who received acupuncture intervention exhibited relatively consistent activation in brain regions compared to depressed patients who did not receive acupuncture and healthy individuals. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with depression who received acupuncture showed reduced activation in the left posterior cerebellum. It is suggested that acupuncture intervention may play a therapeutic role by regulating the functional state of emotion-related brain regions and brain networks.

AIM:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Yiqi-Yangyin-Quyu prescription(YP)on skeletal muscle injury and related metabolic disorders in mice with Sj?gren syndrome(SS),and to clarify the role of hy-droxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta(Hadhb)in mediating the effect of YP on skeletal muscle in SS.METHODS:The SS mice underwent YP treatment for 8 weeks.The morphological changes of the submandibular gland and muscle tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The mitochondrial status in mus-cle tissue was assessed through transmission electron microscopy.Additionally,combined transcriptome and proteome se-quencing was conducted on skeletal muscle samples.The omics sequencing results were validated by RT-qPCR.Immuno-fluorescence was used to confirm the levels of key proteins involved in the P53/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG)signaling pathway.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were employed to determine the levels of Hadhb key targets.RESULTS:Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis identified 1 523 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and 182 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)between the muscle tissue of SS mice(model group)and that of control animals(ICR group),12 of which showed co-differential expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels.Compared with model group,1 232 genes and 432 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the muscle tissue of the mice in YP group.Among these,23 exhibited co-differential expression at both mRNA and protein levels.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis showed that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups were mainly involved in ener-gy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation,while the DEGs and DEPs between YP and model groups were primarily associated with sarcomere tissue and actin structure.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indi-cated that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups and between model and YP groups were enriched in the com-plement and coagulation cascade and lipid and pyruvate metabolism.The RT-qPCR validation results were consistent with those of the transcriptome analysis.Furthermore,the protein expression of the tumor suppressor P53 was significantly de-creased in YP group compared with model group,whereas that of PPARG was significantly increased.Western blot analy-sis showed that compared with ICR group,Hadhb protein expression was significantly decreased in model group,whereas the opposite trend was detected in YP group.CONCLUSION:The SS-related skeletal muscle damage is closely related to amino acid metabolism disorder and fatty acid degradation.Treatment with YP modulates innate immune defenses,lipid metabolism and energy metabolism in SS,and Hadhb is the key target of YP in SS-related skeletal muscle.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Wuhan from 2006 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of foodborne disease prevention and control measures. MethodsDescriptive statistical analyses were performed on foodborne disease outbreaks confirmed by the district and municipal center for disease control and prevention (CDC) in Wuhan from 2006 to 2023, and the attack rate and case fatality rate were calculated as well. ResultsA total of 182 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Wuhan from 2006 to 2023, with a cumulative of 2 820 cases. Among which, 3 cases were dead, with an annual average attack rate of 1.22% and a case fatality rate of 0.11%. The highest number of outbreaks occurred in collective canteens (43.96%, 80/182), the highest attack rate was observed in catering facilities (11.03%), and the highest case fatality rate was found in households (1.45%). Among the foodborne disease outbreaks with identified etiologies, microbial factors were the leading causes (36.26%, 66/182), with the main pathogens being norovirus, Bacillus cereus, and other unspecified bacteria. Fungal factors were mainly attributed to poisonous mushrooms, with a relatively high fatality rate of 2.22% (2/90). Outbreaks caused by bacterial factors were more common in the central urban area (30.28%, 33/109), while fungal-related outbreaks were more frequent in the outlying urban areas (24.66%, 18/73). ConclusionCollective canteens are the main venues for foodborne disease outbreaks in Wuhan. Microbial factors are the main pathogenic factors, and poisonous mushrooms are the leading causes to death. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision on collective canteens, carry out various forms of public awareness campaigns on poisonous mushroom poisoning, and, if required, cooperate with the gardening department to eradicate wild poisonous mushrooms in the green belts. A collaborative cooperation involving multiple departments is essential to reduce the occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks.

Objective:Through the meta-analysis of activation likelihood estimation (ALE), the functional magnetic resonance imaging research evidence of acupuncture in the treatment of depression was systematically integrated to analyze the effect of acupuncture on brain activity in patients with depression and systematically reveal its potential neural mechanism.Methods:The literatures which used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore brain image changes of patients with depression after receiving acupuncture intervention were retrieved from CNKI, VIP database, Wanfang database, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO host MEDLINE and Web of Science database. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to March 2025. Data processing was performed using the ALE method by the Ginger ALE 2.3 software. The coordinates of the subjects included in the study were extracted, and the brain regions with abnormal spontaneous brain activity in patients with depression were integrated and analyzed.Results:A total of 28 articles involving 770 subjects were included. Depressed patients receiving acupuncture exhibited increased brain activity in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. Exploratory analysis revealed that depressed patients receiving acupuncture exhibited reduced activation in the left posterior cerebellar lobe (MNI: x, y, z = -6, -68, -21; x, y, z = -9, -81, -9) compared to healthy controls (voxel sum=5 824 mm 3,P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with depression who received acupuncture intervention exhibited relatively consistent activation in brain regions compared to depressed patients who did not receive acupuncture and healthy individuals. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with depression who received acupuncture showed reduced activation in the left posterior cerebellum. It is suggested that acupuncture intervention may play a therapeutic role by regulating the functional state of emotion-related brain regions and brain networks.

AIM:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Yiqi-Yangyin-Quyu prescription(YP)on skeletal muscle injury and related metabolic disorders in mice with Sj?gren syndrome(SS),and to clarify the role of hy-droxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta(Hadhb)in mediating the effect of YP on skeletal muscle in SS.METHODS:The SS mice underwent YP treatment for 8 weeks.The morphological changes of the submandibular gland and muscle tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining.The mitochondrial status in mus-cle tissue was assessed through transmission electron microscopy.Additionally,combined transcriptome and proteome se-quencing was conducted on skeletal muscle samples.The omics sequencing results were validated by RT-qPCR.Immuno-fluorescence was used to confirm the levels of key proteins involved in the P53/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG)signaling pathway.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were employed to determine the levels of Hadhb key targets.RESULTS:Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis identified 1 523 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and 182 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)between the muscle tissue of SS mice(model group)and that of control animals(ICR group),12 of which showed co-differential expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels.Compared with model group,1 232 genes and 432 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the muscle tissue of the mice in YP group.Among these,23 exhibited co-differential expression at both mRNA and protein levels.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis showed that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups were mainly involved in ener-gy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation,while the DEGs and DEPs between YP and model groups were primarily associated with sarcomere tissue and actin structure.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis indi-cated that the DEGs and DEPs between ICR and model groups and between model and YP groups were enriched in the com-plement and coagulation cascade and lipid and pyruvate metabolism.The RT-qPCR validation results were consistent with those of the transcriptome analysis.Furthermore,the protein expression of the tumor suppressor P53 was significantly de-creased in YP group compared with model group,whereas that of PPARG was significantly increased.Western blot analy-sis showed that compared with ICR group,Hadhb protein expression was significantly decreased in model group,whereas the opposite trend was detected in YP group.CONCLUSION:The SS-related skeletal muscle damage is closely related to amino acid metabolism disorder and fatty acid degradation.Treatment with YP modulates innate immune defenses,lipid metabolism and energy metabolism in SS,and Hadhb is the key target of YP in SS-related skeletal muscle.

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are self-regenerating,rapidly proliferating pluripotent stem cells that depend primarily on their derived pro-angiogenic,inflammatory regulatory,and tro-phic factors to exert beneficial effects that attenu-ate deleterious inflammatory responses,reduce vascular damage,and promote tissue repair and re-generation.Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventila-tion syndrome(OSAHS)is a chronic disorder marked by oropharyngeal collapse during sleep,re-sulting in transient reduced airflow,large fluctua-tions in intrathoracic pressure,and intermittent hy-poxia and hypercapnia.OSAHS subsequently cyto-kine-mediated inflammatory cascades,oxidative stress,and ischemia,recruit MSCs from inflamed and damaged tissues through MSCs-derived of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factor activity,re-duce hypoxia,suppress inflammation,promote re-generation,and prevent fibrosis in OSAHS-injured tissues.In this paper,we will describe the patho-genesis of inflammation,oxidative stress,fibrosis and ischemia from the perspective of OSAHS,high-lighting the current research progress on MSCs-de-pendent regulation of OSAHS-related pathology.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a respiratory disease characterized by inflammation due to neutrophil infiltration, has become the third leading cause of death worldwide. After the occurrence of COPD, the persistent accumulation of neutrophils can promote the excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which plays an important role in local capture and clearance of pathogens, rapid control of infection, and immune regulation. This article mainly introduces the mechanism of COPD occurrence and NETs formation as well as the research progress of NETs in COPD, and summarizes the relevant drug targets for COPD treatment based on NETs, aiming to provide a reference for further research.

Ischemic stroke, a cerebrovascular disease with high incidence, high mortality, high disability rate and high recurrence rate, is an important cause of death and disability of middle-aged and elderly people in China, and imposes a huge burden to society and families. Therefore, it is essential to identify the risk factors associated with ischemic stroke and effectively prevent them. Studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, the exact pathological mechanism of their association has not been clarified. With the development of next-generation sequencing technology, more and more studies have focused on intestinal microbiota. They have found that obstructive sleep apnea can cause intestinal microbiota changes, and intestinal microbiota may be closely related to ischemic stroke. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the relationship between intestinal flora and ischemic stroke, so as to reveal the potential pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke caused by obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective To investigate the differences in human epidermal factor receptor 2(HER-2)expression between urothelial bladder carcinoma(UBC)and upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)and the relationship between HER-2 expression and disease recurrence and progression.Methods Clinical data of 184 patients with urothelial carcinoma admitted in our hospital during Nov.2015 and Jun.2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into UBC group and UTUC group.The positive expression rate of HER-2,recurrence-free survival(RFS)and progression-free survival(PFS)of the two groups were compared,and the survival curve was drawn.The effects of HER-2 expression on the recurrence and progression of disease were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards model.Results The positive expression of HER-2 was significantly higher in UBC patients than in UTUC patients(49.6％vs.32.2％,P=0.027).Among UTUC patients,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive expression of HER-2 in those with renal pelvis cancer and ureteral cancer(30.6％vs.34.8％,P＞0.05).Cox analysis showed that HER-2 positive expression affected UBC recurrence(P＜0.001),but had no effects on the recurrence and progression of UTUC;HER-2 positive expression(P＜0.001),tumor diameter ≥3 cm(P＜0.001),stage ≥T2(P=0.003)and multiple tumor foci(P=0.033)affected the progression of UBC.Conclusion The positive expression of HER-2 is significantly higher in UBC than in UTUC,which can increase the risk of recurrence and progression of UBC,but has no significant effects on the recurrence and progression of UTUC.HER-2 expression is not recommended to independently predict the risk of recurrence and progression of UTUC.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disordered breathing disorder. As a major global public health problem, untreated OSA can lead to a variety of adverse health outcomes, including various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Traditional OSA therapies such as positive airway pressure (PAP), weight loss, oral appliance, upper airway surgery, and postural therapy focus on the anatomical factors of OSA. However, the pathogenesis of OSA is heterogeneous, and non-anatomical factors also play an important role in most patients. Although there is no drug with exact efficacy for the treatment of OSA, with the deepening understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of OSA, more and more clinical studies are devoted to the study of drug treatment of OSA and its complications, and a series of results have been achieved. The following is a review of the relevant studies on drug treatment of OSA in recent years, hoping to provide literature support and theoretical basis for future research on drug treatment of OSA.