ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the non-fasting triglyceride and glucose （TyG） index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy during the third trimester in high altitudes. MethodsThis study selected clinical and laboratory data of 774 Tibetan singleton pregnant women who delivered at Chaya People's Hospital of Qamdo city in Xizang autonomous region， from January 2023 to April 2025. The non-fasting TyG index was calculated from non-fasting triglyceride （TG） and random plasma glucose （PG）. Based on the tertiles of the non-fasting TyG index values， the individuals were split into three groups （corresponding to non-fasting TyG index of 8.89 and 9.21， respectively）. The baseline clinical characteristics， lipid levels and the occurrence of developing hyperglycemia in pregnancy were compared among the three groups. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA， Kruskal-Wallis H test， Chi-square test， or Fisher exact test and the relationship between the non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy were examined using multivariate logistic regression models and curve fitting. ResultsA total of 774 Tibetan singleton pregnant women were included， with a average age of 27.3 ± 6.1 years， a pre-delivery body mass index （Pre-BMI） of （25.2±2.3）kg/m² ， a proportion of 26.7% （207/774） primigravid women， the mean non-fasting TyG index was 9.1 ± 0.4。Thirty pregnant women were diagnosed with hyperglycemia in pregnancy， with a detection rate of 3.9% （30/774）. Statistically significant differences in serum total cholesterol （TC）， TG， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were identified when comparing different non-fasting TyG groups （all P values <0.05）. Subsequent trend test analysis indicated that the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and PG gradually increased with elevated the non-fasting TyG index （ F_{trend TC}=95.61， P<0.001； F_{trend TG}=1 051.91， P<0.001； F_{trend LDL-C} = 97.20， P < 0.001； F_{trend TG}=195.20； P<0.001）. After adjustment for maternal age， pre-delivery BMI， altitude， TC， LDL-C， and HDL-C， multivariate Logistic regression models revealed independent positive associations between non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy （Model 1： OR=2.72， 95% CI： 1.13-6.53， P=0.026； Model 2： OR=2.56， 95% CI： 1.01-6.50， P=0.048； Model 3： OR=2.72， 95% CI： 1.06-6.97， P=0.037； Model 4： OR=4.02， 95% CI： 1.42-11.40， P=0.009） and the incident of hyperglycemia in pregnancy showed an increasing tendency as increasing with the non-fasting TyG index， however， this association did not statistical significance （P _trend >0.05）. Curve fitting by restricted cubic splines （RCS） were used to assess linearity between non-fasting TyG and hyperglycemia in pregnancy， and there was a linear dose-response relationship between non-fasting TyG and hyperglycemia in pregnancy （P _{for non-linear} = 0.515）. ConclusionNon-fasting TyG index in the third trimester is a risk factor for hyperglycemia in pregnancy among the Tibetan singleton pregnant women at high altitudes and there was a possible linear dose-response relationship between the non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the role of circular RNAs(circRNA)in Alzheimer's disease(AD)and its potential mechanism.Methods Six-month-old APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild type(WT)mice were subjected and then randomly divided into WT group,WT+circ-Olfm1 knockout group,AD group(transgenic APP/PS1 mice),AD+circ-Olfm1 knockout group,AD+FOXO3a knockout group,with 3 mice in each group.① The total RNA of mouse brain was extracted,and the differential expression of circRNAs and mRNAs between the AD mice and WT mice was detected,and the obtained circRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed with gene ontology(GO)analysis.② RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of the top 10 up-regulated and down-regulated circRNAs,as well as the expression of circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p.③ Lentiviral vectors were prepared and stereotaxically injected into the cortex or hippocampus of WT and AD mice to knock out circ-Olfm1 gene.Water maze test was used to evaluate the effect of circ-Olfm1 knockout on cognitive function,and immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the deposition of amyloid β(Aβ)plaque in the brain.④ The interaction between circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p was verified by double luciferase reporter gene analysis.⑤ The protein levels of AMPK and FOXO3a were detected by Western blotting.⑥ Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the mitochondria of the hippocampus.⑦ The levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.Results There were totally 52 differentially expressed circRNAs identified between the AD and WT mice,including 28 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated(fold change>1.5,P<0.05).These differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in signal transduction,learning and memory and other functions.circ-Olfm1 was identified as the most significantly differentially expressed circRNA,which is highly expressed in the neurons and up-regulated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the AD mice.Knockout of circ-Olfm1 reduced the number of Aβ plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD mice(P<0.01).In starBase database,there are complementary sequences observed between circ-Olfm1 and miR-330-5p.Western blotting showed that the addition of Aβ42 significantly increased the expression of AMPK and FOXO3a in the neuronal cells(P<0.01).And silencing circ-Olfm1 led to decreased expression of AMPK and FOXO3a in neuronal cells+Aβ42(P<0.01).ELISA revealed that knockout of FOXO3a significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α(P<0.01).Transmission electron microscopy displayed that knocking FOXO3a out significantly aggravated mitochondrial damage(P<0.01).Conclusion circ-Olfm1 is up-regulated in the brain tissue and neurons+Aβ42 of AD rats,and the mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD rats may be through its regulating FOXO3a protein.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology of a child with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy(PHO).Methods:A child who was admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University on July 27, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Suspected splicing variant was verified by Sanger sequencing of family members. In vitro function was validated through a minigene assay, whilst the suspected exonic deletion was validated by long-fragment PCR. This study was approved by the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2023-K-011). Results:Whole exome sequencing revealed that the child has harbored compound heterozygous variants of HPGD gene, including a heterozygous deletion (Exon 3 del) derived from his father and a splicing variant (c.421+ 1G>T) derived from his mother. Long-fragment PCR verified that the child and his father had both harbored a 7 565 bp heterozygous deletion (c.218-1304_324+ 6156del), whilst the minigene assay proved that the splicing variant has resulted in skipping of exon 4. Conclusion:The heterozygous c. 218-1304_324+ 6156del deletion and the c. 421+ 1G>T splicing variant of the HPGD gene probably underlay the pathogenesis in this child. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of the HPGD gene and provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family.

Objective To investigate the effects of amylin,also known as islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP),on learning and memory abilities and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice.Methods A total of 20 APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into Alzheimer's disease(AD)group and IAPP group,with 10 mice in each group.The mice in the latter group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 μmol/L IAPP,and those of the former group received same dose of PBS.Both interventions were given once per day,for 10 weeks.Morris water maze test was used to measure the learning and memory abilities;HE staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampus;Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons;Biochemical assay were conducted to detect the contents of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in hippocampal tissues;ELISA was applied to measure the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α as well as content of Aβ42 in hippocampal tissues;And Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of PI3K/Akt proteins.Results Compared with the AD group,significantly shorter platform latency(P＜0.01),increased number of traversing the platform and longer time to explore the hidden platform(P＜0.01)were observed in the IAPP group,but no such difference was seen in the swimming speed of the mice.HE staining displayed that the IAPP group had more and well-arranged nerve cells in the hippocampal tissue when compared with the AD group(P＜0.05).Lower Aβ protein expression(P＜0.01),reduced oxidative stress and decreased contents of inflammatory factors(P＜0.01)in hippocampal tissue were observed in the IAPP group than the AD group.The IAPP group showed clearer structure of neuronal mitochondria,reduced vacuolization,and better arranged microtubules and microfilaments,and elevated expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins when compared with the AD group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Amylin can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,improve learning and memory abilities in AD mice,and promote the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo analyze the surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Wuhan to investigate the temporal, spatial, and demographic distribution of foodborne disease in Wuhan, so as to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. MethodsData were collected through the foodborne disease surveillance network system and analyzed statistically. Stool, blood, rectal swabs, and vomitus samples from some diarrhea cases were collected for pathogens detection, including Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and norovirus. ResultsA total of 14 733 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Wuhan from 2019 to 2022, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶0.92. The highest incidence was 3.58 per 10 000 person-years in 2019 and the lowest was 2.19 per 10 000 person-years in 2020. The peak incidence occurred from June to October. Higher incidence rates were observed in central districts such as Jiang’an District, Wuchang District, and Caidian District. The age group with the highest incidence was 20‒29 years, while the age group with the highest total pathogen detection rate was 0‒9 years old. The affected population primarily included middle school students, household workers, and unemployed individuals, and children living at home. Suspected food sources were mainly vegetarian, other miscellaneous foods, and animal-based food. Of the 3 499 biological samples collected, 1 820 of them was conducted a detection for norovirus, the overall detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 22.89% (801/3 499), with detection rates of Salmonella and Escherichia coli at 19.23% (673/3 499) and 3.03% (106/3 499), respectively. The detection rate of norovirus was 4.12% (75/1 820). The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in biological samples of the patients who consumed infant food, milk, and egg-based foods was higher, at 53.33% and 42.93%, respectively. In terms of detected pathogens, the highest detection rate of Salmonella was found in the biological samples of patients who consumed infant food, milk, and egg-based foods, the highest detection rate of Escherichia coli was found in the biological samples of patients who consumed milk, egg, and animal-based foods, while Vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus had higher detection rates in patients who consumed beverages and alcoholic drinks. Suspected food sources were often found in food services, retail or farmer products markets, and homemade food. Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were detected more frequently from June to September, while norovirus was detected more frequently in winter and spring. ConclusionThe population aged between 0‒29 years in Wuhan is the key high-risk group for foodborne diseases. Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus are the main pathogens causing foodborne diseases in Wuhan. Market supervision departments should focus on strengthening the regulation of infant food.

To analyze the disease group structure and its trends in key departments of large public hospitals using diagnosis related group (DRG) data, explore the key points of intervention and optimization of disease groups in departments, and further promote the rational allocation of department resources.

OBJECTIVE To calculate the cost of centralized dispensing of four categories of drugs （ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions） in pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS）， and provide reference for setting charging standards for relevant departments. METHODS The operating costs of PIVAS in 12 medical institutions from Shaanxi province were collected through questionnaire survey， including labor costs， medical and health material costs， fixed asset depreciation and repair costs， water and electricity costs， and management costs. The operation time allocation coefficient method and workload allocation coefficient method were comprehensively used to allocate the above costs， and the unit preparation costs of four categories of drugs were calculated. RESULTS The average annual total costs of dispensing ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions in Shaanxi province were （2 195 900.25±1 680 893.73） yuan， （746 341.59±725 839.39） yuan， （331 420.15±183 258.83） yuan， and （330 322.68±277 281.70） yuan， respectively， with labor costs accounting for the highest proportion， averaging 85.49%. The costs of dispensing a set of ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， and hazardous drugs were 5.89， 7.60， and 14.37 yuan， respectively； the cost of dispensing one bag of parenteral nutrition solution was 32.15 yuan （excluding the cost of disposable intravenous nutrition bags）. CONCLUSIONS The cost calculation method and data of different types of intravenous drugs obtained in this study can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate and adjust PIVAS fee standards.

OBJECTIVE To calculate the cost of centralized dispensing of four categories of drugs （ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions） in pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS）， and provide reference for setting charging standards for relevant departments. METHODS The operating costs of PIVAS in 12 medical institutions from Shaanxi province were collected through questionnaire survey， including labor costs， medical and health material costs， fixed asset depreciation and repair costs， water and electricity costs， and management costs. The operation time allocation coefficient method and workload allocation coefficient method were comprehensively used to allocate the above costs， and the unit preparation costs of four categories of drugs were calculated. RESULTS The average annual total costs of dispensing ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions in Shaanxi province were （2 195 900.25±1 680 893.73） yuan， （746 341.59±725 839.39） yuan， （331 420.15±183 258.83） yuan， and （330 322.68±277 281.70） yuan， respectively， with labor costs accounting for the highest proportion， averaging 85.49%. The costs of dispensing a set of ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， and hazardous drugs were 5.89， 7.60， and 14.37 yuan， respectively； the cost of dispensing one bag of parenteral nutrition solution was 32.15 yuan （excluding the cost of disposable intravenous nutrition bags）. CONCLUSIONS The cost calculation method and data of different types of intravenous drugs obtained in this study can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate and adjust PIVAS fee standards.

Objective This study investigated the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qingdao City,China. Methods Information was collected on HFRS cases in Qingdao City from 2010 to 2022. Descriptive epidemiologic,seasonal decomposition,spatial autocorrelation,and spatio-temporal cluster analyses were performed. Results A total of 2,220 patients with HFRS were reported over the study period,with an average annual incidence of 1.89/100,000 and a case fatality rate of 2.52％. The male:female ratio was 2.8:1. 75.3％ of patients were aged between 16 and 60 years old,75.3％ of patients were farmers,and 11.6％ had both "three red" and "three pain" symptoms. The HFRS epidemic showed two-peak seasonality:the primary fall-winter peak and the minor spring peak. The HFRS epidemic presented highly spatially heterogeneous,street/township-level hot spots that were mostly distributed in Huangdao,Pingdu,and Jiaozhou. The spatio-temporal cluster analysis revealed three cluster areas in Qingdao City that were located in the south of Huangdao District during the fall-winter peak. Conclusion The distribution of HFRS in Qingdao exhibited periodic,seasonal,and regional characteristics,with high spatial clustering heterogeneity. The typical symptoms of "three red" and"three pain" in patients with HFRS were not obvious.