Objective:To investigate the prevalence of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and the genetic characteristics of VP1 region in common hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022.Methods:Throat swabs from mild HFMD in Shenzhen sentinel hospitals were collected from 2016 to 2022. A total of 38 EV71-positive samples were screened from these throat swabs and were sequenced. Then, the VP1 sequence of these EV71-positive samples were analyzed for their phylogenetic evolution by bioimformatics software DNAStar and MEGA 6.Results:From 2016 to 2022, the number of EV71 infections among HFMD patients in Shenzhen sentinel hospitals decreased from 136 in 2016 to 0 in 2022. The mumber of EV71 infections in 2018 and 2019 decreased by 96.3%(257/267) compared to that in 2016 and 2017. From 2020 to 2022, the number of EV71 infections decreased to 0. During this period, the EV71 vaccination rate among HFMD patients increased from 6.4% to 39.6%; Evolutionary analysis showed that the nucleotide homology and amino acid homology between 38 EV71 sample strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022 were 91.8%-99.9% and 98.3%-100.0%, all belonging to the C4a subgenotype; Among them, 26 strains wene local epidemic strains, and 11 strains were imported from other provinces, with a close genetic relationship with epidemic strains in Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Tianjin, Henan, Jilin, and other places. One strain from 2017 had the closest genetic relationship with the US epidemic strain OP207969-USA-2017. Further comparing the EV71 epidemic strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022 and EV71 severe strains, it was found that the EV71 strains in Shenzhen carried four amino acid mutation sites related to severe condition, named R22H, K43R, I249V and T289A.Conclusions:The EV71 epidemic strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022 all belong to the C4a subgenotype, and the number of EV71 infection shows a downward trend with the increase of vaccine coverage rate. At the same time, the distribution of EV71 virus strains in Shenzhen shows a significant decrease in local strains and a predominance of imported strains. There are a total of four amino acid mutation sites associated with severe cases in the EV71 sample strains in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022. Among them, 22R and 289T are located at the N and C ends of VP1, which are related to EV71 adsorption and targeting cells. The 43R site is associated with binding ability to Annexin2 protein, which enhances cell binding ability.

BACKGROUND:The abnormal gait of stroke patients seriously affects their propulsive force during walking,which subsequently reduces their walking speed,walking distance,and stability,increases their risk of falls,and seriously affects their quality of life. OBJECTIVE:To review the relevant research on propulsive force deficits in stroke patients with hemiplegia,to summarize the understanding of existing researchers on propulsive force deficits,to analyze the relationship between propulsive force and gait,and finally to explain and compare the latest rehabilitation technologies used to improve propulsive force deficits,providing reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Relevant literature was retrieved from WanFang,CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science Core Collection through computer search.The Chinese and English search terms were"propulsive force OR propulsive,stroke OR cerebral infarction OR hemiplegia,walk* OR gait."The search time limit was from 2003 to 2023,and 71 articles were finally included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Training targeting the hip and ankle joints may be more effective for patients'walking function,especially training with the application of flexible exoskeleton robots,but more sufficient evidence is still needed to use propulsion as a prognostic indicator of walking function in stroke patients.Biomechanical variables related to propulsive force include:the hip joint extension angle at terminal stance,ankle joint dorsiflexion torque,and knee joint extension.Damage to the corticospinal tract,cerebellar-cortical pathways,and the reticulospinal tract in hemiplegic patients are associated with reduced propulsive force and gait asymmetry.Propulsive force is crucial for the stability of healthy gait,and a decrease in propulsive force is unfavorable for gait stability.Gait symmetry is correlated with propulsive force,stride length symmetry,trunk displacement,and lower limb swing ability,with propulsive force being a key factor.Propulsive force can serve as a quantitative indicator for assessing the gait of hemiplegic patients,and evaluation of gait using propulsive force is beneficial for the long-term development of walking ability.Main rehabilitation techniques for improving propulsive force include:lower limb exoskeleton robot walking training,treadmill training combined with functional electrical stimulation,adaptive speed treadmill training,biofeedback technology,and whole-body vibration training.Among them,whole-body vibration training and biofeedback technology are more effective.The specific contributions and mechanisms of the hip,knee,and ankle joints in improving propulsive force are still controversial,but it is expected that the contributions of the hip and ankle joints are greater.Focusing on the improvement of propulsive force as a rehabilitation goal may yield more sustainable advancements in walking function.However,several current challenges persist in this field:understanding the neurobiological basis of propulsive force deficits in stroke patients,assessing the long-term efficacy of current rehabilitation techniques for enhancing propulsive force,and determining the most suitable patient populations for the application of major rehabilitation techniques aiming at improving propulsive force.These areas require further exploration by subsequent researchers.

OBJECTIVE To study the fingerprint of Denghong buyang huanwu granules （DBHG）， screen the quality markers， and establish the method for content determination of active ingredients. METHODS HPLC method was adopted. The fingerprints of 10 batches of DBHG （S1-S10） were established by using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）， and similarity evaluation was also performed. Traditional Chinese medicine pieces attribution analysis， cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were conducted for common peaks， and quality biomarkers were screened based on variable importance projection （VIP） values＞1. The contents of 10 batches of samples were determined by the same HPLC method， such as salidroside， tyrosol， calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside， scutellarin and calycosin. RESULTS A total of 25 common peaks were obtained in the fingerprints for 10 batches of samples and 6 common peaks were identified， i.e. salidroside， tyrosol， paeoniflorin， calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside， scutellarin， calycosin. Their similarities were greater than 0.9， and 10 common peaks of them were unique components of Erigeron breviscapus. DBHG could be clustered into 2 categories by using CA and PCA； S4-S5， and S7 could be clustered into one category and other samples could be clustered into one category. The corresponding components of peaks 16 （scutellarin）， 12， 15 （calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside）， 13 （paeoniflorin）， and 14 were quality markers. The average contents of salidroside， tyrosol， calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside， scutellarin and calycosin were 1.64， 0.45， 0.31， 0.73， 0.15 mg/g in 10 batches of samples. CONCLUSIONS HPLC fingerprint for DBHG and a method for determining the contents of five active ingredients including salidroside are successfully established. Five quality markers have been screened. It can be used for the quality control of the preparation.

Objective To analyze the research hotspots and development in the field of post-stroke pneumonia over the past decade. Methods The English literature on post-stroke pneumonia in the Web of Science Core Collection database from January,2014 to June,2024 was retrieved,and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software. Results A total of 1 681 papers were included.The number of publications gradually increased from 2014 to 2021,and decreased from 2022 to 2024,but still more than 2014 overall.The United States and China were the countries with the highest number of publications,and most of the institutions with a high number of publications were uni-versities,while independent collaborative networks were found among the authors.Hot keywords included dys-phagia,management and venous thromboembolism,etc.;and the bursting words appeared within the last three years were scale score and mechanical thrombectomy. Conclusion The researches related to post-stroke pneumonia present an inverted U-shape in the past ten years.The rela-tionship and risk management of post-stroke pneumonia with dysphagia and venous thromboembolism are the main hotspots in the researches.The studies may tend to explore the sensitivity of the integration scale for post-stroke pneumonia and the control of risk factors during mechanical thrombectomy.

Community-acquired respiratory infection is the commonest cause of sepsis presenting to emergency departments. Yet current experimental animal models simulate peritoneal sepsis with intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the predominant route. We aimed to compare the progression of organ injury between I.P. LPS and intranasal (I.N.) LPS in order to establish a better endotoxemia murine model of respiratory sepsis. Eight weeks old male BALB/c mice received LPS-Escherichia coli doses at 0.15, 1, 10, 20, 40 and 100 mg per kg body weight (e.g. LPS-10 is a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight). Disease severity was monitored by a modified Mouse Clinical Assessment Score for Sepsis (M-CASS; range 0–21). A M-CASS score ≥ 10 or a weight reduction of ≥ 20%, was used as a criterion for euthanasia. The primary outcome was the survival rate (either no death or no need for euthanasia). The progression of disease was specified as M-CASS, body weight, blood glucose, histopathological changes to lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain and heart tissues. Survival rate in I.P. LPS-20 mice was 0% (2/3 died; 1/3 euthanized with M-CASS > 10) at 24 h. Survival rate in all doses of I.N. LPS was 100% (20/20; 3–4 per group) at 96 h. 24 h mean M-CASS post-I.P. LPS-10 was 6.4/21 significantly higher than I.N. LPS-10 of 1.7/21 (Unpaired t test, P < 0.05). Organ injury was present at 96 h in the I.P. LPS-10 group: lung (3/3; 100%), spleen (3/3; 100%) and liver (1/3; 33%). At 24 h in the I.P. LPS-20 group, kidney injury was observed in the euthanized mouse. At 96 h in the post-I.N. LPS-20 group, only lung injury was observed in 2/3 (67%) mice (Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s, P < 0.01). At 24 h in the post-I.N. LPS-100 group all (4/4) mice had evidence of lung injury. Variable doses of I.N. LPS in mice produced lung injury but did not produce sepsis. Higher doses of I.P. LPS induced multi-organ injury but not respiratory sepsis. Lethal models of respiratory virus, e.g., influenza A, might provide alternative avenues that can be explored in future research.

Objective:To analyze the research status of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution identification for hypertension and discuss the research hotspots in this field.Methods:Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang data knowledge service platform, the papers on TCM constitution identification of hypertension from 2010 to 2021 were retrieved. Bibliometric software Bicomb 2.01 and gCLUTO 1.0 were used to conduct a quantitative study of the retrieved literatures.Results:A total of 836 relevant articles were retrieved, and 42 high-frequency keywords such as "hypertension" "TCM constitution" "TCM constitution identification" and "phlegm-dampness constitution" were screened out. Research hotspots includes hypertension-TCM constitution identification, correlation between hypertension-TCM constitution and risk factors, hypertension-TCM differentiation of body and diet, hypertension-TCM body differentiation and treatment and hypertension-TCM health management.Conclusions:The number of papers on TCM constitution identification for hypertension is increasing year by year, but the regional development is uneven, the core author has not been formed, and there is less scientific research cooperation between regions.

Objective:To analyze the research status of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution identification for hypertension and discuss the research hotspots in this field.Methods:Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang data knowledge service platform, the papers on TCM constitution identification of hypertension from 2010 to 2021 were retrieved. Bibliometric software Bicomb 2.01 and gCLUTO 1.0 were used to conduct a quantitative study of the retrieved literatures.Results:A total of 836 relevant articles were retrieved, and 42 high-frequency keywords such as "hypertension" "TCM constitution" "TCM constitution identification" and "phlegm-dampness constitution" were screened out. Research hotspots includes hypertension-TCM constitution identification, correlation between hypertension-TCM constitution and risk factors, hypertension-TCM differentiation of body and diet, hypertension-TCM body differentiation and treatment and hypertension-TCM health management.Conclusions:The number of papers on TCM constitution identification for hypertension is increasing year by year, but the regional development is uneven, the core author has not been formed, and there is less scientific research cooperation between regions.

Objective:To analyze research status and development trends in the field of health management in China from 2011 to 2020.Methods:“CNKI” was chosen as the data source, and “health management（precise）” was used as the search term, and a total of 13, 686 valid data were finally obtained. Frequency counts were used to tabulate the number of articles published in the field of health management from 2011 to 2020. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the cooperation of institutions, and to explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of health management by institutions co-occurrence, keyword co-occurrence and clustering timeline map. Bicomb software and SPSS 26.0 software were used for multi-dimensional scale analysis of keywords to comprehensively reflect the core degree and maturity of research topics.Results:The amount of domestic health management research literature had shown an increasing trend from 2011 (804) to 2020 (2 044). The top 5 keywords in terms of frequency were “hypertension（611）” “diabetes（577）” “health education（485）” “community（460）” and “chronic diseases（457）”. “Elderly” “Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM health management）” and “Health management model” were the hot keywords and research trends of health management. There were 7 themes in the field of health management, namely “Construction and application of chronic diseases health management model” “Community health service and health management” “Health management in essential public health service” “Health management of the elderly” “Health management of Traditional Chinese Medicine” “Health examination and health management organization” “Health management based on big data and modern information technology”.Conclusions:A relatively close network of cooperation has been formed in the field of health management research and the number of articles has increased. The elderly, chronic disease and Traditional Chinese Medicine health management are the research trend. The construction and implementation of health management models, the integration of artificial intelligence and health management are the development trends in this field.

Objective:To review the imaging characteristics and evaluate the diagnostic value of Doppler echocardiography for congenitally malposition of septum primum(MSP).Methods:Images of Doppler echocardiography were retrospectirely rewiewed and compared with CTA, operative and necropsy findings in 8 cases with MSP in Xinhua Hospital, and Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2009 to October 2019.Results:MSP was characterized by the absent of superior limbic band of septum secundum and different degrees of the leftward deviation of septum primum, and the pulmonary veins which connected with the posterior wall of the anatomical left atrium incorporated intothe right atrium. The associated malformations included totally anomalous (7 cases) and partially anomalous (1 case) pulmonary venous drainage directly to the right atrium. Six of 8 cases were diagnosed correctly. In the remaining 2 cases, 1 case misdiagnosed as single atrium, and the other case misdiagnosed as cor triatriatum.Conclusions:MSP could be diagnosed accurately by Doppler echocardiography. This malformation should be distinguished from single atrium and cor triatriatum.

To review the imaging characteristics and evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography for congenital double‐chambered left ventricle ( DCLV ) in children , and improve the diagnostic accuracy of initial echocardiography . Methods Doppler echocardiography was performed and these images were compared retrospectively with operative and computed tomography angiography findings in 8 children with DCLV . Results DCLV was characterized by the presence of a main left ventricular chamber and an auxiliary chamber seperated by abnormally hypertrophic muscle and/or fiber bundles . Six cases were diagnosed with type A ,and 2 cases with type B by Li Jun′s classification . T he associated malformations included ventricular septal defect ( 3 cases ) ,mitral regurgitation ( 2 cases ) ,mitral valve stenosis ( 1 case) . Six of 8 cases( 75 .0% ) were diagnosed correctly using Doppler echocardiography ,in the remaining 2 cases ( 25 .0% ) ,1 case was missed ,1 case misdiagnosed as left ventricular diverticulum . Conclusions DCLV could be correctedly diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography . This malformation should be differentiated from left ventricular diverticulum , left ventricular aneurysm , left ventricular non‐compaction ,and ventricular septal defect .